CEFR Level
An economic system where production and pricing decisions are controlled by individuals and based on supply and demand.
"A market economy allows businesses to compete freely."
a place where goods and services are bought and sold; an open area for trade
"The town's marketplace is crowded every Friday morning."
The fourth planet from the Sun; the Roman god of war
"Scientists are planning a manned mission to Mars in the next decade."
small swift-flying bird that catches insects on the wing
"The martin built its nest under the bridge."
To be filled with wonder or astonishment.
"Tourists marveled at the beauty of the ancient temple."
having qualities traditionally associated with men
"He has a deep, masculine voice."
a work of outstanding artistry, skill, or workmanship
"The Mona Lisa is considered Leonardo da Vinci’s masterpiece."
comprehensive knowledge or skill in a subject or accomplishment
"She has achieved mastery in classical dance."
a piece of fabric material placed on a floor or surface for wiping feet or protection
"She placed a new mat at the entrance of the house."
relating to mathematics or the use of mathematics
"The mathematical equation was difficult to solve."
A large pad used as a bed or part of a bed, typically filled with soft material for sleeping on.
"She bought a new mattress for better sleep comfort."
fully developed or grown, especially emotionally or intellectually
"She has become a mature and confident leader."
The state of being mature; full development physically or emotionally
"With age comes wisdom and emotional maturity."
to increase something as much as possible
"The company aims to maximize its profits this year."
The elected head of a city, town, or municipality.
"The mayor announced a new policy to improve public transport."
A complex network of paths or passages that are difficult to navigate.
"Tourists often get lost in the maze of narrow streets in the old city."
without purpose; having no significance; pointless
"The data became meaningless without proper context."
the period of time between two events; meanwhile
"The train will be late, so in the meantime let's have some tea."
carefully considered and deliberate
"She spoke in a calm, measured tone."
relating to machines or the way they work
"She has a good understanding of mechanical systems."
the branch of physics concerned with the motion of objects and the forces acting on them; also refers to the practical details of how something works
"He studied the mechanics of the machine before fixing it."
A system of parts working together in a machine; a process or technique for achieving something.
"The mechanism of the clock stopped working after years of use."
a drug or other form of medicine used to treat or prevent disease
"The doctor prescribed medication for his headache."
Relating to the Middle Ages, the period in European history from about the 5th to the 15th century.
"The castle is a famous medieval monument."
The practice of focusing the mind to achieve calmness, clarity, or spiritual growth.
"She practices meditation every morning to start her day peacefully."
a written message, typically in a business setting
"He wrote a memo to the staff about the upcoming meeting."
Worth remembering because it is special or unusual.
"Their wedding was one of the most memorable days of their lives."
A structure or event established to remind people of a person or event.
"The city built a memorial to honor the soldiers who died in the war."
to learn something by heart; to commit to memory
"Students need to memorize important formulas for the exam."
To repair something that is broken or damaged.
"She learned to mend her torn dress."
The ability to concentrate deeply on a specific task or thought; mental concentration and attention.
"Meditation improves mental focus and cognitive performance."
a particular way of thinking; mindset or outlook
"Her positive mentality helped her overcome many challenges."
in a way that relates to the mind or intellect rather than the body
"She felt mentally exhausted after the long exam."
an experienced person who advises and guides someone less experienced
"She acted as a mentor for the new employees."
a person or company involved in the trade of goods, especially in large quantities
"The merchant sold spices from distant lands."
compassion or forgiveness shown toward someone whom it is within one's power to punish or harm
"She showed mercy by letting him go."
Used to emphasize how small or insignificant something is.
"It was a mere suggestion, not a command."
Only; nothing more than.
"She was merely trying to help."
to combine or join together to form one entity
"The two companies decided to merge their resources."
A quality or feature that deserves praise or reward; to deserve or be worthy of.
"The plan has the merit of being simple and practical."
A mythical sea creature with the head and torso of a woman and the tail of a fish
"The little girl loved stories about mermaids living under the sea."
a person who carries messages or communications between parties
"The messenger delivered important battle plans to the commander."
The chemical processes that occur within a living organism in order to maintain life.
"Faster metabolism can help with weight management."
A figure of speech in which a word or phrase is applied to something to which it is not literally applicable.
"Time is a thief is a common metaphor for how quickly life passes."
A system of methods used in a particular area of study or activity.
"The research was conducted using a new methodology."
Relating to the metric system of measurement; also, a standard of measurement used to assess performance.
"The company tracks success using clear performance metrics."
A system or standard of measurement; a set of numbers that give information about a particular process or activity.
"Metrics are crucial for evaluating performance."
an underground urban railway system; subway system
"The metro rail connects all major areas of the city efficiently."
Relating to a large city, its surrounding areas, or its lifestyle.
"She moved to a metropolitan area for better job opportunities."
The middle of the day; twelve o'clock in the daytime; noon
"The sun is brightest at midday when it's directly overhead."
