CEFR Level
A system of parts working together in a machine; a process or technique for achieving something.
"The mechanism of the clock stopped working after years of use."
a drug or other form of medicine used to treat or prevent disease
"The doctor prescribed medication for his headache."
Relating to the Middle Ages, the period in European history from about the 5th to the 15th century.
"The castle is a famous medieval monument."
The practice of focusing the mind to achieve calmness, clarity, or spiritual growth.
"She practices meditation every morning to start her day peacefully."
a written message, typically in a business setting
"He wrote a memo to the staff about the upcoming meeting."
Worth remembering because it is special or unusual.
"Their wedding was one of the most memorable days of their lives."
A structure or event established to remind people of a person or event.
"The city built a memorial to honor the soldiers who died in the war."
to learn something by heart; to commit to memory
"Students need to memorize important formulas for the exam."
To repair something that is broken or damaged.
"She learned to mend her torn dress."
The ability to concentrate deeply on a specific task or thought; mental concentration and attention.
"Meditation improves mental focus and cognitive performance."
a particular way of thinking; mindset or outlook
"Her positive mentality helped her overcome many challenges."
in a way that relates to the mind or intellect rather than the body
"She felt mentally exhausted after the long exam."
an experienced person who advises and guides someone less experienced
"She acted as a mentor for the new employees."
a person or company involved in the trade of goods, especially in large quantities
"The merchant sold spices from distant lands."
compassion or forgiveness shown toward someone whom it is within one's power to punish or harm
"She showed mercy by letting him go."
Used to emphasize how small or insignificant something is.
"It was a mere suggestion, not a command."
Only; nothing more than.
"She was merely trying to help."
to combine or join together to form one entity
"The two companies decided to merge their resources."
A quality or feature that deserves praise or reward; to deserve or be worthy of.
"The plan has the merit of being simple and practical."
A mythical sea creature with the head and torso of a woman and the tail of a fish
"The little girl loved stories about mermaids living under the sea."
a person who carries messages or communications between parties
"The messenger delivered important battle plans to the commander."
The chemical processes that occur within a living organism in order to maintain life.
"Faster metabolism can help with weight management."
A figure of speech in which a word or phrase is applied to something to which it is not literally applicable.
"Time is a thief is a common metaphor for how quickly life passes."
A system of methods used in a particular area of study or activity.
"The research was conducted using a new methodology."
Relating to the metric system of measurement; also, a standard of measurement used to assess performance.
"The company tracks success using clear performance metrics."
A system or standard of measurement; a set of numbers that give information about a particular process or activity.
"Metrics are crucial for evaluating performance."
an underground urban railway system; subway system
"The metro rail connects all major areas of the city efficiently."
Relating to a large city, its surrounding areas, or its lifestyle.
"She moved to a metropolitan area for better job opportunities."
The middle of the day; twelve o'clock in the daytime; noon
"The sun is brightest at midday when it's directly overhead."
being of an age between young and old; typically between 40-60 years old
"The middle-aged man started a new career."
belonging to the social group between the upper and working class, typically with moderate income and education
"They live a comfortable middle-class life in the city."
the middle part or position of something
"In the midst of chaos, she remained calm."
having great power or strength; very strong or impressive
"The mighty river flows through the heart of the country."
A person who moves from one place to another, especially to find work or better living conditions.
"Many migrants travel long distances to find employment."
To move from one region or habitat to another, especially regularly according to the seasons or for work.
"Birds migrate south during the winter."
the movement of people or animals from one place to another, often for better living conditions or seasonal reasons
"The annual migration of birds is a fascinating natural event."
An important achievement or stage in a process or journey.
"Winning this award is a milestone in his career."
a pure white color resembling milk
"The clouds looked milky white against the blue sky."
a building equipped with machinery for grinding grain or manufacturing goods
"The old flour mill has been converted into a museum."
being conscious or aware; paying attention to the present moment
"She is always mindful of her surroundings and pays attention to details."
The quality or state of being conscious or aware of something; a mental state achieved by focusing one's awareness on the present moment.
"Practicing mindfulness reduces stress and anxiety."
The established set of attitudes held by someone.
"A growth mindset helps individuals embrace challenges."
a person who works in a mine, extracting minerals or other resources
"The miner worked in the coal mine for many years."
a naturally occurring substance that is solid and inorganic, often used in industry or nutrition
"Calcium is an important mineral for strong bones."
a very small version of something; small in scale or size
"The artist created a miniature model of the castle."
the smallest or least amount possible
"The damage to the car was minimal after the accident."
to reduce something to the smallest possible amount or degree
"We should minimize the risks before starting the project."
the smallest or lowest amount that is allowed or required
"The minimum age to vote is eighteen in most countries."
the process of extracting valuable minerals or other resources from the earth
"Mining in this area has increased in recent years."
A government department headed by a minister or the work of a religious minister.
"He works at the Ministry of Education."
