CEFR Level
Making forceful or violent efforts to get free of restraint or constriction; having difficulty achieving something.
"Many regions are struggling with economic recovery."
refusing to change opinion or course of action; persistent; obstinate
"The stubborn child refused to eat his vegetables."
carefully considered, deliberate, or planned
"Her response was calm and studied, not impulsive."
spending a lot of time studying or reading; very dedicated to learning
"She is a studious girl who spends hours in the library."
lacking fresh air; poorly ventilated; formal and conservative in attitude
"The room was stuffy and needed fresh air."
to trip or lose balance while walking or running; to make a mistake or falter
"He stumbled on the uneven pavement."
the base of a tree left after the trunk is cut down; to puzzle or confuse
"The question completely stumped the students."
to shock or surprise someone greatly; to knock someone unconscious or dazed
"The news of her sudden resignation stunned everyone."
extremely impressive or attractive
"The view from the top of the mountain was absolutely stunning."
a daring or unusual action performed for entertainment or publicity; to hinder growth or development
"The actor performed a dangerous stunt in the movie."
lack of intelligence or common sense
"His stupidity caused a lot of problems for the team."
strongly and solidly built; not easily weakened
"The carpenter made a sturdy wooden table."
fashionable and attractive; having elegance or taste in appearance
"She wore a stylish dress to the party."
the act of yielding to authority or presenting something for consideration
"Her submission of the report was appreciated by the manager."
to present or deliver something formally or for approval
"Please submit your report by the end of the day."
to pay to receive a service regularly; to agree with or support something
"I subscribe to several online magazines."
a person who receives or subscribes to a service, magazine, or service
"She is a subscriber to the monthly magazine."
the action of subscribing to something
"I paid for a subscription to the online learning platform."
coming after something in time; following
"His subsequent success surprised everyone."
at a later time; afterward
"He failed his exam and subsequently had to retake it."
A sum of money granted by the government or a public body to help support an industry or reduce the cost of goods or services.
"The government provided a subsidy to farmers to support crop production."
Of considerable importance, size, or worth.
"She received a substantial raise after the successful project."
A significant, considerable, and meaningful effect or influence.
"Substantial impact is possible even with a few hours of volunteering."
to a great extent or degree
"The new policy has substantially improved working conditions."
to replace something with another thing
"He will substitute for me while I'm on vacation."
Captions displayed at the bottom of a movie or television screen that translate or transcribe the dialogue or narrative.
"Use subtitles for better understanding."
so delicate or precise as to be difficult to analyze or describe; not obvious
"She gave him a subtle smile that hinted at her approval."
to take away a number or amount from another number or amount
"If you subtract 5 from 10, you get 5."
relating to or characteristic of a suburb or the people living there
"They bought a house in a quiet suburban area."
coming after or following in order; continuing to succeed
"In the succeeding years, the company expanded rapidly."
the action or process of following something in order or sequence
"The succession of events was both dramatic and fast-paced."
following one after the other in an uninterrupted sequence
"There were several successive failures before the project succeeded."
A person or thing that follows another in a position, office, or role.
"The company appointed a successor after the CEO retired."
to draw something into the mouth by using the lips and tongue
"The baby began to suck her thumb."
the state of undergoing pain, distress, or hardship
"They tried to relieve his suffering with medicine."
to an adequate degree or extent
"She studied sufficiently to pass the exam."
to cause someone to die or have difficulty breathing by depriving them of air
"The child nearly suffocated when trapped in the locked room."
the act of intentionally taking one's own life
"The article discusses the rising rates of suicide in young people."
a set of rooms designated for one person's or family's use or for a particular purpose
"They stayed in the presidential suite at the hotel."
To give a brief statement of the main points of something
"She summarized the report in just a few minutes."
The highest point of a hill or mountain; a meeting between heads of state or leaders.
"The leaders met at the summit to discuss global issues."
To order someone to come or to gather courage or strength.
"The king summoned his advisors to the court."
extremely good; excellent
"The hotel provided superb service during our stay."
Concerned only with the surface or appearance; not deep or thorough.
"His analysis of the issue was rather superficial and lacked depth."
Nutrient-dense foods that are particularly beneficial for health and well-being.
"Blueberries and spinach are superfoods rich in vitamins."
a person who oversees, manages, or directs an organization, building, or project
"The superintendent visited the classrooms to check on progress."
better in quality, rank, or importance than others
"This product is superior to its competitors in quality."
the quality or state of being superior; higher rank or quality
"His superiority in mathematics was evident from his test scores."
Attributed to some force beyond scientific understanding or the laws of nature.
"They claimed to have witnessed supernatural events in the old house."
