CEFR Level
a list of goods sent or services provided, with the amount due for payment
"The company sent an invoice for the delivered products."
the act of taking part in something
"His involvement in the project was crucial."
relating to Iraq or its people
"The Iraqi culture is rich and diverse."
happening in the opposite way to what is expected, often amusing or sarcastic
"It is ironic that the fire station burned down."
expressing irony; having the nature of irony
"Her ironical tone made everyone uncomfortable."
in a way that is contrary to what is expected or intended
"Ironically, the fire station burned down."
a situation that is strange or amusing because it is the opposite of what is expected; the use of words to convey the opposite meaning
"The irony of the situation was that the winner forgot his own prize."
not even or consistent in shape, pattern, time, or behavior; not following normal rules
"His attendance at work has been irregular this month."
Not connected with or related to the matter at hand
"His comment was completely irrelevant to the discussion."
Too attractive, powerful, or appealing to be resisted.
"The aroma of freshly baked bread was irresistible."
not showing proper sense of responsibility
"It was irresponsible of him to leave the children alone."
The artificial application of water to land for growing crops.
"Modern irrigation techniques improve crop yield."
to make someone annoyed, impatient, or uncomfortable
"Loud music can irritate the neighbors late at night."
feeling annoyed or impatient; having inflamed or sore physical condition
"She felt irritated by the constant noise outside her window."
the religion founded by the Prophet Muhammad, based on belief in one God (Allah)
"Islam emphasizes peace, justice, and compassion."
relating to Islam, its followers, or its teachings
"The city has many Islamic cultural centers."
To separate something or someone from others.
"Doctors tried to isolate the patient to prevent the spread of infection."
far away from others; separated or alone
"The cabin is located in an isolated area of the forest."
the state of being separated from others; solitude or detachment
"He lived in complete isolation after his retirement."
relating to Israel or its people; a person from Israel
"She works for an Israeli company."
to feel an urge to scratch; to have a restless desire
"My skin itches from the mosquito bites."
a person employed to clean and maintain a building; a caretaker
"The school janitor worked late every evening to ensure the classrooms were spotless."
the lower movable bone of the face that holds the teeth; the mouth area used for chewing and talking
"The dentist examined my jaw for any signs of pain."
a feeling of envy of someone or their achievements; resentment against a rival
"His jealousy over his colleague's promotion led to tension in the workplace."
a soft-bodied marine animal with a gelatinous umbrella-shaped body and trailing tentacles
"The jellyfish floated gracefully through the water with its translucent body."
a quick, sharp, sudden movement; an abrupt pull or twist; a foolish person
"The sudden jerk of the train caused passengers to lose their balance momentarily."
A fast aircraft powered by jet engines; to travel by jet plane.
"They jetted off to Paris for the weekend."
a person whose religion is Judaism or who is of Jewish descent
"He is a Jew by heritage and follows Jewish customs."
a person who makes, repairs, or sells jewelry
"The jeweller crafted a beautiful gold ring."
relating to Jews or Judaism
"They celebrate Jewish festivals every year."
a place where two parts of something are joined; also a term for a business establishment or a cannabis cigarette
"The knee is a joint that connects the thigh and the leg."
a playing card with a picture of a jester, used as a wild card; a person who is fond of joking
"He used the joker card to complete his winning hand in the poker game."
Full of good humor and cheerfulness.
"The children were in a jolly mood at the party."
a daily record of news, events, or personal thoughts
"She writes in her journal every night."
The practice of writing down your thoughts, feelings, and experiences regularly.
"Journaling helps in organizing thoughts and reducing stress."
the activity or profession of collecting, writing, and publishing news and articles for newspapers, magazines, or broadcast media
"He studied journalism to become a news reporter."
full of joy and happiness; causing joy or delight
"She felt joyful when she heard the good news."
Full of juice; succulent; also used to describe something exciting or scandalous.
"The steak was so juicy that it melted in my mouth."
exceptionally large; enormous; gigantic
"The jumbo jet was delayed at the airport."
A place where two or more roads or things meet or are joined.
"The car stopped at the busy junction."
old or discarded articles that are considered useless or of little value; things of poor quality
"He cleaned out the garage and threw away all the old junk."
the largest planet in our solar system; the chief god of Roman mythology
"Jupiter is known for its massive size and distinctive red spot."
a group of people sworn to give a verdict in a legal case based on the evidence
"The jury found him guilty of the crime."
a reason, explanation, or excuse that shows something is right or reasonable
"There is no justification for such rude behavior."
to show or prove that something is right or reasonable
"He tried to justify his decision with logical reasons."
a person whose job it is to guard or take care of something or someone; a goalkeeper
"The zoo keeper fed the animals every morning at eight o'clock."
a combustible hydrocarbon liquid widely used as a fuel in lamps and heating systems
"The old lamp burned kerosene to provide light during power outages."
to take someone away illegally by force, often for ransom
"The criminals planned to kidnap the wealthy businessman."
