CEFR Level
the process of transferring ownership of a business, industry, or service from the public sector to the private sector
"The privatization of the public transportation system has led to better efficiency."
Leadership that takes initiative and anticipates problems before they occur, rather than reacting to events.
"Proactive leadership ensures timely decisions."
Actively planning and setting aside money in advance to prepare for future financial needs
"Proactive saving ensures financial stability in old age."
Based on probability; involving chance or statistical likelihood.
"The model follows a probabilistic approach to predictions."
Live microorganisms that, when administered in adequate amounts, confer health benefits to the host, especially for digestive health.
"Probiotics improve digestion and enhance gut health."
Relating to an established or official way of doing something; concerned with procedure.
"The committee followed the procedural rules strictly."
The consistency and steadiness of biological or functional processes
"Cold air ensures process stability in plants."
an official public announcement made by a person in authority
"The king issued a proclamation declaring the new law."
to delay doing something, often unnecessarily or habitually
"He tends to procrastinate instead of finishing his assignments on time."
the act of delaying or postponing something
"Procrastination often leads to unnecessary stress before deadlines."
the process of obtaining goods or services, often for business or government
"The company focuses on the efficient procurement of raw materials."
remarkably or impressively great in extent, size, or degree
"The team made a prodigious effort to complete the project on time."
The degree to which a business or activity yields profit or financial gain.
"Increasing sales and reducing costs boosted profitability."
A deep, meaningful, and significant action or program designed to create change.
"A profound initiative can create sustainable changes."
Too high or expensive to be affordable; serving to prevent or discourage action.
"The cost of the medication is prohibitive for many families."
An object fired, thrown, or propelled, especially from a weapon.
"The soldier dodged the incoming projectile."
Relating to the working class, especially those who do not own property.
"The movement was rooted in proletarian struggles."
To increase rapidly in number or spread quickly.
"Social media has allowed misinformation to proliferate."
A rapid increase or spread of something, especially in number or amount.
"The proliferation of smartphones has changed the way we communicate."
The state of being important, famous, or easily noticed.
"Her work gained prominence after the award."
Having or showing a casual and unselective approach, often used to describe indiscriminate sexual relationships.
"The novel depicts a character with a promiscuous lifestyle."
The action of spreading and promoting an idea, theory, etc.
"The propagation of ideas through social media is rapid."
A substance that drives or pushes something forward, especially fuel in rockets or engines.
"The rocket uses a liquid propellant to launch into space."
a natural tendency or inclination to behave in a particular way
"She has a propensity to trust people too easily."
