CEFR Level
to leave or give up a place, seat, or position
"They had to vacate the apartment by the end of the month."
A person who wanders from place to place without a home or job.
"The old vagabond lived on the streets of the city."
A person without a settled home or regular work who wanders from place to place.
"The police offered shelter to a vagrant sleeping on the street."
A valley, often used in a poetic or literary sense.
"The village lay hidden in a quiet green vale."
Showing courage, determination, and bravery.
"The firefighters made a valiant effort to save the building."
Great courage in the face of danger, especially in battle.
"The soldier was honored for his valor during the war."
the process of deciding how much money something is worth; an estimated value
"The property valuation came in higher than expected."
Education that emphasizes moral principles and ethical values.
"Value-based education shapes moral character."
having no worth, importance, or usefulness
"The old broken phone was considered valueless."
the forefront of an action, movement, or military force
"The company is at the vanguard of technological innovation."
to defeat thoroughly, especially in battle or competition
"The army vanquished its enemies with superior strategy."
a position or situation that gives an advantage or a good view
"From this vantage, we could see the entire valley."
to turn into vapor or gas
"The heat of the sun can vaporize water from the surface."
a device that turns a liquid into vapor, often for inhalation
"She used a vaporizer to ease her cough."
the state of being different or inconsistent; in statistics, a measure of the spread between numbers
"There is a wide variance in students' performance levels."
A liquid that is applied to wood or other materials to form a hard, shiny surface; also to apply such a liquid.
"The carpenter varnished the table to give it a glossy finish."
A large container used for holding liquids such as dye or wine.
"The workers filled the vat with freshly pressed grape juice."
A secure room for storing valuables; also to leap or spring over something.
"The bank kept its gold bars in a secure vault."
relating to growth or the basic processes of life, often without conscious thought or activity
"The patient remained in a vegetative state after the accident."
Great forcefulness or intensity of expression, emotion, or conviction.
"She spoke with vehemence during the debate."
showing strong feeling; forceful, passionate, or intense
"She made a vehement argument against the proposal."
the speed of something in a given direction
"The velocity of the car increased as it moved downhill."
having a smooth, soft texture like velvet
"She spoke in a low, velvety voice."
a prolonged bitter quarrel or campaign of revenge
"The two families were caught in a bitter vendetta for generations."
A thin decorative covering of fine wood applied to a coarser wood or other material; a superficially attractive appearance.
"The table was covered with a thin veneer of mahogany."
Accorded a great deal of respect, especially because of age, wisdom, or character.
"The venerable professor was admired by generations of students."
to regard with great respect; revere
"People venerate saints for their holiness."
respected and admired deeply
"The venerated professor was honored with an award."
Great respect; reverence; the action of regarding with great respect or reverence.
"Many cultures show veneration for their ancestors."
punishment inflicted or retribution exacted for an injury or wrong; revenge
"He swore to seek vengeance against those who wronged him."
seeking to harm someone in return for a perceived injury; vindictive
"She felt vengeful after her friend betrayed her trust."
a poisonous substance secreted by animals such as snakes or spiders; also used to describe intense ill will or malice
"The snake injected its venom into the prey."
secreting venom; full of malice or spite; extremely hostile
"The venomous snake struck quickly at its prey."
relating to the veins that carry blood to the heart
"The doctor examined the patient’s venous circulation."
Conformity to truth or fact; accuracy or truthfulness.
"The lawyer questioned the veracity of the witness’s testimony."
The action of expressing something in words.
"The verbalization of his thoughts was clear and direct."
In exactly the same words as were originally used; word for word.
"He repeated the instructions verbatim."
Using or expressed in more words than are needed; wordy.
"His verbose explanation confused the audience instead of clarifying the issue."
used to emphasize that something is genuine or true
"The house was a veritable palace compared to ours."
small animals or insects that are harmful or destructive, such as rats, lice, or fleas
"The old warehouse was overrun with vermin."
the language or dialect spoken by ordinary people in a particular region
"He gave his speech in the local vernacular so everyone could understand."
Ability to adapt or be adapted to many different functions or activities.
"His versatility allows him to excel in multiple fields."
The highest point; the top or the apex.
"The climber reached the vertex of the mountain."
The practice of growing crops in vertically stacked layers, often incorporating controlled-environment agriculture.
"Vertical farming ensures maximum space utilization in urban areas."
A sensation of spinning or dizziness, often caused by problems in the inner ear or brain.
"She felt a sudden vertigo when she looked down from the tall building."
A small remaining part of something that once existed.
"Only a vestige of the ancient wall remains today."
to reject or forbid a decision, proposal, or law
"The president decided to veto the new bill."
