CEFR Level
Drawing in a liquid, air, or other substance through the mouth or a tube by creating a vacuum; also used figuratively for something unpleasant or ineffective
"The baby is sucking on a pacifier."
the state of having enough of something; adequacy
"The village had a sufficiency of food after the harvest."
the right to vote in political elections
"The movement fought for women’s suffrage in the early 20th century."
crystallized sugar formed into small pieces; rock candy made from sugar syrup
"The children enjoyed eating colorful sugar candy at the festival."
tending to suggest ideas or images; sometimes implies something sexual or provocative
"The painting was highly suggestive and sparked much debate."
relating to or having thoughts of killing oneself; extremely dangerous or harmful
"The reckless driving was suicidal behavior."
a man who pursues a relationship with a woman, often with the intent to marry
"She had many suitors vying for her attention."
to be silently resentful or moody
"He went to his room to sulk after the argument."
bad-tempered and sullen; moody
"The child became sulky when he couldn't get his favorite toy."
bad-tempered and gloomy; silently resentful
"She gave him a sullen look and walked away."
Uncomfortably hot and humid; also describes someone attractive in a passionate or sensual way.
"The sultry weather made it hard to focus on work."
The process of adding things together; a summary of points.
"The lawyer gave a powerful summation of the case."
A high-level conference focused on addressing future challenges and opportunities.
"The Summit of the Future addressed global challenges."
Splendid and expensive-looking; luxurious.
"The guests were treated to a sumptuous banquet."
the time in the evening when the sun goes below the horizon
"We planned to reach the village before sundown."
Various or miscellaneous.
"The shop sells fruits, clothes, and sundry items."
a serious condition caused by overheating from prolonged exposure to high temperatures
"The worker suffered from sunstroke after working outside all day."
in an excellent or impressive manner
"She performed superbly in the final match."
Unnecessary, especially because more than enough exists.
"Adding more details to the report would be superfluous."
to place one thing on top of another so that both can be seen
"The editor superimposed text over the image."
Of the highest quality or degree; expressing the extreme form of an adjective or adverb.
"Her performance was superlative, earning her a standing ovation."
To replace or take the place of something because it is more modern or effective.
"This new law will supersede the old regulations."
faster than the speed of sound; relating to speeds greater than the speed of sound
"The supersonic jet broke the sound barrier."
To take the place of something or someone, often by force or strategy.
"Digital platforms have supplanted traditional newspapers."
Easily bending or moving without breaking; flexible and adaptable.
"The gymnast’s body was remarkably supple."
An assumption or belief that something is true without certain proof.
"His plan was based on the supposition that the market would recover quickly."
the act of forcibly stopping something or holding back feelings or actions
"The suppression of free speech led to protests."
the state of being supreme; highest authority or power
"The country established naval supremacy in the region."
an additional charge or payment added to the usual cost
"The airline ticket had a fuel surcharge added to it."
bad-tempered and unfriendly
"The waiter gave us a surly look when we asked for more water."
to suppose something is true without having evidence
"She surmised that he was not coming to the meeting."
to overcome a difficulty or obstacle
"He surmounted all the challenges to achieve his dream."
to exceed or go beyond
"Her performance surpassed all expectations."
exceeding; going beyond; outstanding
"Her surpassing beauty made everyone stop and stare."
A substitute, especially a person deputizing for another in a specific role.
"She acted as a surrogate mother for the child."
A person who measures and maps land, buildings, or other features.
"The surveyor measured the land for construction."
The state of being easily influenced, harmed, or affected by something.
"His susceptibility to colds increases during the winter."
Likely or liable to be influenced or harmed by a particular thing.
"Children are more susceptible to infections."
Farming practices that meet current food needs while preserving environmental resources and maintaining the ability to produce food for future generations through ecologically sound methods.
"Sustainable agriculture practices protect the environment while ensuring food security."
A method of working together that can be maintained over time without depleting resources or causing harm.
"A sustainable and collaborative approach is crucial for solving environmental problems."
Methods or actions that can be maintained long-term without depleting resources or causing environmental harm
"Sustainable practices help reduce pollution."
Technology designed to meet present needs without compromising future generations' ability to meet their needs.
"Sustainable technology ensures a cleaner future."
Food and drink regarded as a source of strength; the means of sustaining life.
"Bread and water were his only sustenance during the journey."
A stitch or row of stitches holding together the edges of a wound or surgical incision.
"The doctor used a suture to close the wound."
To walk or behave in a very confident and arrogant way.
"He swaggered into the room as if he owned the place."
a citrus fruit that is sweeter and less acidic than regular lime
"The sweetlime juice was refreshing on a hot day."
a small piece of confectionery or candy; a sweet delicacy
"The children enjoyed the traditional sweetmeats during the festival."
to suffer from intense heat
"We began to swelter in the midday sun."
uncomfortably hot
"The sweltering heat made it hard to work."
