CEFR Level
to annoy, irritate, or cause distress
"The constant noise began to vex the neighbors."
Ability to work successfully.
"The viability of a business depends on financial stability."
To make someone a victim, often by treating them unfairly or cruelly.
"The corrupt officials victimized the poor villagers."
The action or state of keeping careful watch for possible danger or difficulties.
"The police increased their vigilance during the festival."
Keeping careful watch for possible danger or difficulties.
"Parents must remain vigilant about their children's online activity."
A short, descriptive piece of writing or a brief scene.
"The author included a poignant vignette in the introduction of the book."
Physical strength, energy, or enthusiasm.
"She tackled the project with great vigor and determination."
to clear someone of blame or suspicion
"The new evidence vindicated her after years of false accusations."
Having or showing a strong desire for revenge.
"Her vindictive actions hurt everyone around her."
A stringed instrument slightly larger than a violin, with a deeper and mellower tone.
"She chose to play the viola in the school orchestra."
A person who breaks or disregards a law, rule, or agreement.
"The police caught the traffic violator at the intersection."
a type of poisonous snake; metaphorically, a spiteful or treacherous person
"The viper lay hidden in the tall grass."
A person highly skilled in music, art, or another artistic pursuit.
"The pianist is a true virtuoso, captivating audiences worldwide."
Extremely severe or harmful in its effects.
"The virulent disease spread rapidly across the region."
Having a thick, sticky consistency between solid and liquid.
"Honey is a viscous liquid that flows slowly."
Thinking about or planning the future with imagination and wisdom.
"She is considered a visionary leader in technology."
A pleasing view, especially one seen through a long, narrow opening.
"From the mountain top, we admired the breathtaking vista of the valley below."
The state of being strong, active, and full of energy.
"The child’s vitality impressed everyone at the gathering."
in an extremely important or essential way; in a manner relating to life or vitality
"Access to clean water is vitally important for public health."
Attractively lively and animated.
"She was admired for her vivacious personality."
The quality of being lively, animated, and full of energy.
"The child’s vivacity brightened the entire room."
The action of producing sounds with the voice; the expression of thoughts or feelings in spoken words.
"The vocalization of the singer captivated the audience."
the prevailing fashion, style, or trend at a particular time
"Minimalist design is currently in vogue."
likely to change rapidly and unpredictably, especially for the worse
"The stock market is extremely volatile these days."
Instability, fluctuation, unpredictability.
"Market volatility can lead to financial losses."
Occupying or containing much space; large in volume.
"She wore a voluminous dress that filled the room."
Having a very eager approach to an activity; extremely hungry.
"She is a voracious reader who finishes a book in just two days."
A mass of whirling fluid or air, especially a whirlpool or whirlwind.
"The plane was caught in a dangerous vortex of air."
to confirm or assert the truth or reliability of something
"I can vouch for his honesty."
the state or quality of being crude or offensive
"The movie was criticized for its vulgarity."
a large bird of prey that feeds mainly on carrion
"The vulture circled overhead, waiting for its prey."
