CEFR Level
A shift in population patterns from high birth and death rates to low birth and death rates as a country develops economically
"The demographic transition indicates a shift towards an aging society."
the act or process of destroying a building or structure
"The demolition of the old factory took several weeks."
clearly able to be shown or proven
"There was demonstrable evidence that he was innocent."
openly showing feelings, especially affection or emotion
"She was very demonstrative with her affection towards her friends."
a person who shows how something works or takes part in a public protest
"The demonstrators marched peacefully through the city streets."
to cause someone to lose confidence or hope
"The constant criticism demoralized the young athlete."
to reduce to a lower rank or position
"The manager decided to demote the employee for poor performance."
to criticize unfairly; to belittle or disparage someone or something
"He was quick to denigrate the achievements of his colleagues."
a recognized autonomous branch of the Christian Church; a unit of value or currency
"The church belongs to a Protestant denomination."
To be a sign of; to indicate or mean something.
"A red flag denotes danger."
a small hollow mark on the surface of something; to make a small hollow mark
"The accident left a dent in the car door."
the public condemnation or accusation of someone or something
"The journalist's article was a strong denunciation of corruption."
to reduce the quantity or supply of something
"The long war has depleted the country's resources."
Reduction in the number or quantity of something.
"Overfishing has led to the depletion of marine life."
deserving strong condemnation; shockingly bad in quality
"The refugees were living in deplorable conditions."
to feel or express strong disapproval of something
"The community deplored the act of violence."
To expel a foreigner from a country, usually for legal or political reasons.
"The government decided to deport the illegal immigrants."
The act of expelling a foreigner from a country.
"The deportation of hundreds of workers sparked international criticism."
the act of removing someone from office, or the process of giving sworn evidence
"The lawyer took the witness’s deposition before the trial."
a place where things are stored or deposited, especially financial assets
"The national depository safeguards all government bonds."
morally corrupt or wicked
"The film depicts the life of a depraved criminal."
to express disapproval of something
"The teacher deprecated the use of slang in academic essays."
to reduce in value over time
"Cars tend to depreciate quickly in their first few years."
A reduction in the value of an asset over time, especially due to wear and tear.
"The company recorded a large depreciation on its equipment this year."
A drug that reduces functional or nervous activity in the body.
"Alcohol acts as a depressant on the central nervous system."
The state of lacking basic necessities or comforts of life.
"Children growing up in deprivation often face many challenges."
mentally disturbed or insane; behaving irrationally
"The deranged man shouted nonsense in the street."
The removal or reduction of government regulations and controls, often involving liberalization, free market policies, or privatization.
"The deregulation of industries boosted economic growth."
in poor condition due to neglect or disuse; a homeless or neglected person
"The old factory stood derelict for decades."
to mock or ridicule someone or something
"The critics derided the new movie for its poor script."
Contemptuous ridicule or mockery.
"His ideas were greeted with derision by the audience."
Expressing contempt or ridicule.
"She gave a derisive laugh at his attempt to sing."
The origin or development of something from a source.
"The derivation of the word comes from Latin."
Something that is based on another source; in math, a measure of how a function changes.
"The film was criticized for being too derivative of earlier works."
A doctor who specializes in the treatment of skin diseases.
"She consulted a dermatologist for her skin allergy."
The branch of medicine concerned with the skin and its diseases.
"He studied dermatology at medical school."
Showing a critical or disrespectful attitude.
"The article contained derogatory comments about the politician."
To make someone less sensitive or reactive to something through repeated exposure.
"Constant exposure to violence can desensitize people."
The process by which fertile land becomes desert, typically as a result of drought, deforestation, or inappropriate agriculture.
"Deforestation accelerates desertification."
the action of choosing someone for a position; a name, title, or official status
"His designation as team leader came with additional responsibilities and authority."
Empty, bleak, and without people; feeling very sad and lonely.
"The once lively town now stood desolate after the flood."
feeling hopeless; in despair
"She felt despairing after losing her job."
Deserving hatred and contempt; vile or shameful.
"His despicable actions shocked the entire community."
feeling or showing deep hopelessness or discouragement
"She felt despondent after losing her job."
a ruler with absolute power, often ruling in a cruel or oppressive way
"The despot ruled the nation with fear and violence."
absolute power exercised in a cruel and oppressive way
"The people revolted against the era of despotism."
extremely poor and lacking the means to provide for oneself
"The earthquake left many families destitute."
the state of being separated or emotionally uninvolved
"She observed the situation with complete detachment."
