Vocabulaires

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adjective B2
/raɪp/
спелый; готовый к употреблению (spelyy; gotovyy k upotrebleniyu)

fully developed and ready to eat; mature; ready for action or use

"The bananas are ripe and ready to eat."

"Бананы спелые и готовы к употреблению." (Banany spelyye i gotovy k upotrebleniyu.)
verb B2
/ˈraɪpən/
счастье (schastye)

to become or make something ready to eat or fully developed

"The bananas ripened quickly in the warm weather."

"Она не могла скрыть своего счастья, когда получила награду." (Ona ne mogla skryt' svoego schast'ya, kogda poluchila nagradu.)
risk factor definition card — visual illustration of the meaning
noun B2
rɪsk ˈfæktər
фактор риска (faktor riska)

Something that increases the likelihood of developing a disease or condition

"Water pollution is a significant risk factor for health."

"Загрязнение воды является значительным фактором риска для здоровья." (Zagryaznenie vody yavyayetsya znachitim faktorem riska dlya zdorov'ya.)
risky definition card — visual illustration of the meaning
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risky

adjective B2
/ˈrɪski/

Involving the possibility of danger, harm, or loss

"Investing in that startup is risky but could bring high rewards."

Ritual definition card — visual illustration of the meaning
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Ritual

noun B2
/ˈrɪtʃ.u.əl/
счастье (schast'ye)

a set of fixed actions and sometimes words performed regularly, especially as part of a ceremony or religion

"Morning coffee has become a daily ritual for him."

"Она не могла скрыть своего счастья, когда получила приз." (Ona ne mogla skryt' svoego schast'ya, kogda poluchila priz.)
Rival definition card — visual illustration of the meaning
noun, verb B2
/ˈraɪvəl/
соперник (sopernik)

a person or thing competing with another for the same goal or superiority in the same field

"The two companies are fierce rivals in the smartphone market."

"Две компании являются ожесточёнными конкурентами на рынке смартфонов." (Dve kompanii yavyayutsya ozhestochennymi konkurentami na rynke smartfonov.)
Rivalry definition card — visual illustration of the meaning
noun B2
/ˈraɪvəlri/
соперничество; конкуренция (sopernichestvo; konkurentsiya)

competition for the same objective or for superiority in the same field; the state of being rivals

"The rivalry between the two teams made the match exciting."

"Соперничество между двумя командами сделало матч захватывающим." (Sopernichestvo mezhdu dvumya komandami sdelalo match zakhvatyvayushchim.)
roam definition card — visual illustration of the meaning
verb B2
/roʊm/
блуждать (bluzhdat')

to walk or travel without a specific destination; to wander

"Wild animals roam freely in the forest."

"Дикие животные бродят по лесу свободно." (Dikie zhivotnye brodyat po lesu svobodno.)
Roast definition card — visual illustration of the meaning
noun B2
/roʊst/
жаркое (zharkoe)

Meat cooked by dry heat in an oven or over an open fire

"The Sunday roast was perfectly cooked and very tender."

"Воскресный рост был идеально приготовлен и очень нежный." (Voskresnyy rost byl ideal'no prigotovlen i ochen' nezhnyy)
Roasted meat definition card — visual illustration of the meaning
noun B2
/ˈroʊstɪd miːt/
жареное мясо (zharenoye myaso)

meat cooked by dry heat in an oven or over fire

"The roasted meat was perfectly seasoned and tender."

"Жареное мясо было идеально приправлено и мягким." (Zharenoye myaso bylo ideal'no priravleno i myagkim.)
robber definition card — visual illustration of the meaning
noun B2
/ˈrɒbər/
грабитель (grabitel)

a person who steals property from others, often using force or threat

"The robber was caught after a quick police chase."

"Грабителя поймали после быстрой полицейской погони." (Grabitelya poymali posle bystroy politseyskoy pogoni)
robbery definition card — visual illustration of the meaning
noun B2
/ˈrɒbəɹi/
ограбление (ograblenie)

the crime of stealing from someone or somewhere using force or threat

"The police are investigating the robbery at the local store."

"Полиция расследует ограбление в местном магазине." (Politsiya rassleduyet ograblenie v mestnom magazine.)
robust definition card — visual illustration of the meaning
adjective B2
/roʊˈbʌst/
робуст (robust)

strong and healthy; able to withstand or overcome adverse conditions

"The company needs a robust strategy to survive in tough markets."

"Компания нуждается в прочной стратегии, чтобы выжить на трудных рынках." (Kompaniya nuzhdaetsya v prochnoy strategii, chtoby vyzhit' na trudnykh rynkakh.)
adjective B2
/ˈrɑː.ki/
каменистый; нестабильный; трудный (kamenistyy; nestabil'nyy; trudnyy)

full of rocks; unsteady; difficult

"The rocky path made hiking difficult for the tourists."

"Каменистая тропа сделала поход сложным для туристов." (Kamenistaya tropa sdelala pokhod slozhnym dlya turistsov.)
rod definition card — visual illustration of the meaning
noun B2
/rɒd/
тонкая прямая палка, особенно из металла или дерева (tonkaya pryamaya palka, osobenno iz metalla ili dereva)

a thin straight bar, especially of metal or wood

"He used an iron rod to support the structure."

"Он использовал железный стержень для поддержания структуры." (On ispol'zoval zheleznyj sterzhen' dlya podderzhaniya struktury.)
rolling definition card — visual illustration of the meaning
adjective B2
/ˈroʊlɪŋ/
катящийся (katyashchiesya)

moving in gentle undulations; moving forward by turning over and over

"They drove through the rolling hills of the countryside."

"Они проехали через катящиеся холмы деревни." (Oni proekhali cherez katyashchiesya kholmy derevni.)
Rolling pin definition card — visual illustration of the meaning
noun B2
/ˈroʊ.lɪŋ pɪn/
скалка (skalka)

a cylindrical tool used for rolling out dough or pastry

"Roll the dough flat with a rolling pin."

"Раскатайте тесто с помощью скалки." (Raskatayte testo s pomoshch'yu skalki.)
rookie definition card — visual illustration of the meaning
noun B2
/ˈrʊki/
новичок (novichok)

a person who is new to an activity or organization; a beginner

"The rookie policeman made a few mistakes on his first day."

"Новый полицейский совершил несколько ошибок в свой первый день." (Novyy politseyskiy sovershil neskol'ko oshibok v svoy pervyy den'.)
adjective B2
/ˈruː.mi/
просторный; с большим количеством места (prostornyy; s bol'shim kolichestvom mesta)

spacious; having a lot of room

"The apartment is very roomy with spacious bedrooms."

"Квартира очень просторная с большими спальнями." (Kvartira ochen' prostornaya s bol'shimi spal'nymi.)
noun B2
/ˈruːstər/
петух (petukh)

A male domestic chicken, especially one that crows.

"The rooster crowed at dawn, waking up the whole village."

"Петух пропел на рассвете, разбудив всю деревню." (Petukh propel na rassvete, razbudiv vsyu derevnyu.)
adjective B2
/ˈruː.tɪd/
укоренённый (ukorenennyy)

deeply established; firmly fixed

"His beliefs are deeply rooted in tradition."

"Его убеждения глубоко укоренены в традициях." (Ego ubezhdeniya gluboko ukoreneny v traditsiyakh.)
rot definition card — visual illustration of the meaning
verb B2
/rɒt/
гнить (gnit)

to decay or decompose; to become corrupt

"The fruit will rot if left in the sun."

"Фрукты сгниют, если их оставить на солнце." (Frukty sgniyut, esli ikh ostavit na solntse)
rotate definition card — visual illustration of the meaning
verb B2
/ˈroʊ.teɪt/
вращать (vrashchat)

to turn around a central point or axis

"The Earth rotates on its axis once every 24 hours."

"Земля вращается вокруг своей оси каждые 24 часа." (Zemlya vrashchayetsya vokrug svoey osi kazhdye 24 chasa.)
Rotation definition card — visual illustration of the meaning
noun B2
/rəʊˈteɪʃən/
вращение (vraschhenie)

the action of rotating or turning something around a center or axis

"The rotation of the earth around the sun causes seasons."

"Вращение Земли вокруг Солнца вызывает сезоны." (Vrashcheniye Zemli vokrug Solntsa vyzyvayet sezony.)
adjective B2
/ˈrɒt.ən/
гнилой; испорченный (gniloy; isporchenny)

decayed; spoiled; bad

"The apple is rotten and should be thrown away."

"Яблоко гнилое и должно быть выброшено." (Yabloko gniloje i dolzhno byt' vybrosheno.)
routinely definition card — visual illustration of the meaning
adverb B2
/ruːˈtiːnli/
регулярно (regulyarno)

as part of a regular procedure; habitually

"The staff routinely checks the equipment for safety."

"Персонал регулярно проверяет оборудование на безопасность." (Personal regulyarno proveryayet oborudovaniye na bezopasnost'.)
noun B2
/ˈrɔɪəlti/
царская семья / роялти (авторский гонорар) (royalty)

Members of a royal family or payment made to the owner of a patent, copyright, or natural resource.

"The author receives a royalty for every book sold."

"Автор получает роялти за каждую проданную книгу." (Avtor poluchayet royalti za kazhduyu prodannuyu knigu.)
Rudeness definition card — visual illustration of the meaning
noun B2
/ˈruːdnəs/
грубость (rud-nes)

the quality of being impolite, discourteous, or offensive in behavior or speech

"His rudeness shocked everyone at the dinner party."

"Его грубость потрясла всех на ужинной вечеринке." (Ego grubost' potryasla vsekh na uzhinnoy vecherinke.)
ruin definition card — visual illustration of the meaning
verb B2
/ˈruːɪn/
разрушать (razrushat)

to destroy or severely damage something so that it no longer works or is of no use.

"Heavy rain ruined the wedding decorations."

"Сильный дождь разрушил свадебные украшения." (Sil'nyy dozhd' razrushil svadebnye ukrasheniya.)
ruling definition card — visual illustration of the meaning
noun B2
/ˈruːlɪŋ/
постановление (postanovlenie)

an official decision made by a judge or authority.

"The court’s ruling favored the defendant."

"Постановление суда было в пользу обвиняемого." (Postanovlenie suda bylo v pol'zu obvinyaemogo.)
verb B2
/ˈrʌm.bəl/
счастье (schast'ye)

to make a continuous deep, resonant sound

"Thunder rumbled in the distance."

"Она не могла скрыть своего счастья, когда получила награду." (Ona ne mogla skryt' svoego schast'ya, kogda poluchila nagradu.)
rumor definition card — visual illustration of the meaning
noun B2
/ˈruːmər/
слух (slukh)

a currently circulating story or report of uncertain or doubtful truth.

"There’s a rumor that the company will merge next year."

"Ходит слух, что компания объединится в следующем году." (Khodit slukh, chto kompaniya ob'yedinit'sya v sleduyushchem godu.)
Rumour definition card — visual illustration of the meaning
noun B2
/ˈruːmər/
слух; сплетня; новость (slukh)

a currently circulating story or report of uncertain or doubtful truth; gossip

"There's a rumour that the company will close next month."

"Существует слух, что компания закроется в следующем месяце." (sushchestvuet slukh, chto kompaniya zakroetsya v sleduyushchem mesyatse)
adjective B2
/ˈrʌn daʊn/
обветшалый (obvetshalyy)

in a poor condition; worn out or neglected

"They live in a run-down house at the edge of town."

"Они живут в обветшалом доме на окраине города." (Oni zhivut v obvetshalom dome na okraine goroda.)
Rush definition card — visual illustration of the meaning
verb B2
/rʌʃ/
торопиться (toropit'sya)

to move or act with great speed or urgency

"She had to rush to the meeting to make it on time."

"Ей пришлось торопиться, чтобы успеть на встречу вовремя." (Yey prishlos' toropit'sya, chtoby uspet' na vstrechu vovremya.)
Rust definition card — visual illustration of the meaning
noun B2
/rʌst/
ржавчина (rzhavchina)

reddish-brown coating formed on iron or steel by oxidation; corrosion

"The old car was covered in rust after years of neglect."

"Старый автомобиль был покрыт ржавчиной после многих лет пренебрежения." (Staryy avtomobil' byl pokryt rzhavchinoy posle mnogikh let prene breezheniya.)
adjective B2
/ˈrʌs.ti/
ржавый; забытый; страдающий от недостатка практики (rzhavyj; zabytyj; stradayushchij ot nedostatka praktiki)

affected by rust; out of practice; impaired by lack of recent practice

"My piano skills are rusty after not playing for years."

"Мои навыки игры на пианино ржавые после нескольких лет без игры." (Mojy navyki igry na pianino rzhavye posle neskol'kikh let bez igry.)
adjective B2
/ˈruːθləs/
безжалостный (bezzhalostnyy)

Having or showing no pity or compassion for others.

"The ruthless leader crushed all opposition."

"Безжалостный лидер уничтожил все сопротивление." (Bezzhalostnyy lider unichtozhil vse soprotivlenie.)
ruthless competition definition card — visual illustration of the meaning
noun B2
ˈruθləs ˌkɑmpəˈtɪʃən
безжалостная конкуренция (bezzhalostnaya konkurentsiya)

Fierce and merciless rivalry or contest, without pity or compassion.

"Ruthless competition for power leads to societal issues."

"Безжалостная конкуренция за власть приводит к социальным проблемам." (Bezzhalostnaya konkurentsiya za vlast' privodit k sotsial'nym problemam.)