Lesson 30
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Lesson 30 - Mask Toggle

Emoji
Word Images Past Past Participle Third Person Singular Gerund Meaning Example Sentence Example Expression Example Expression Meaning Synonyms Antonyms Collocations
🌑
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/ˈdɑːrkən/
verb
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- ••••••
darkened
••••••
darkened
••••••
darkens
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darkening
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to make or become dark; to reduce brightness or light
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The clouds began to darken the sky before the storm.

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darken the mood

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to make the atmosphere or feelings more negative or sad
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dim, blacken, shade, obscure, dull
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brighten, lighten, illuminate
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darken the sky, darken a room, darken the mood, darken with age
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🌑
••••••
/ˈdɑːrk.nəs/
noun
••••••
- •••••• - •••••• - •••••• - •••••• - ••••••
The absence of light; the state of being dark.
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The room was filled with darkness after the lights went out.

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pitch darkness

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complete absence of light
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gloom, shadow, obscurity, night
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light, brightness, daylight
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in darkness, total darkness, fall into darkness, fear of darkness
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📊
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/ˈdeɪ.tə/ or /ˈdæt.ə/
noun
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- •••••• - •••••• - •••••• - •••••• - ••••••
Facts, statistics, or information collected for reference or analysis.
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The scientists analyzed the data to find patterns.

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data-driven

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based on analysis of information or evidence
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information, facts, statistics, figures
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assumptions, guesses
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collect data, analyze data, data set, process data
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💾
••••••
/ˈdeɪtəbeɪs/
noun
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- •••••• - •••••• - •••••• - •••••• - ••••••
a structured collection of data stored and accessed electronically
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The company's customer details are stored in a secure database.

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- •••••• - ••••••
data store, data system, repository, archive, registry
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paper files, disorganization
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create database, access database, database management, database server
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📅
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/deɪt/
noun/verb
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dated
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dated
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dates
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dating
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A particular day of the month or year; also, a social or romantic appointment.
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They decided to meet on the date of her birthday.

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blind date

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a romantic meeting with someone you have not met before
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day, appointment, meeting, outing
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indefinite, timeless
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set a date, important date, go on a date, due date
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👧
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/ˈdɔːtər/
noun
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- •••••• - •••••• - •••••• - •••••• - ••••••
a female child in relation to her parents
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They are proud of their daughter for graduating college.

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apple of her father's eye

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a phrase used to describe a beloved daughter
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girl child, offspring, child, descendant
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son, parent
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eldest daughter, only daughter, daughter-in-law, proud daughter
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🌅
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/dɔːn/
noun, verb
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- ••••••
dawned
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dawned
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dawns
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dawning
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The first appearance of light in the sky before sunrise; to begin or become apparent.
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Hope began to dawn in her heart after hearing the good news.

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crack of dawn

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Very early in the morning.
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sunrise, daybreak, morning, beginning, start
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sunset, dusk, end
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at dawn, before dawn, dawn of a new era, dawn breaks
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🌞
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/deɪ/
noun
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- •••••• - •••••• - •••••• - •••••• - ••••••
a period of 24 hours or the time between sunrise and sunset
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She enjoyed a relaxing day at the beach.

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call it a day

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to stop working for the rest of the day
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daytime, period, date, occasion
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night, darkness
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working day, day off, day long, happy day
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💀
••••••
/dɛd/
adjective, noun
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No longer alive; the end of life.
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The old tree is completely dead.

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dead end

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A situation with no progress or exit.
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lifeless, deceased, expired, gone
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alive, living, active
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dead body, dead silence, dead end, dead serious
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••••••
/ˈdedlaɪn/
noun
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the latest time or date by which something must be completed
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We need to finish this project before the deadline.

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meet the deadline

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to finish something on time
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due date, cutoff date, time limit, target date, completion date
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delay, extension
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tight deadline, project deadline, meet deadline, set a deadline
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☠️
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/ˈdedli/
adjective
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causing or able to cause death; extremely dangerous
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The snake's bite is deadly to humans.

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deadly serious

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completely serious; not joking
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fatal, lethal, dangerous, mortal, poisonous
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harmless, safe, mild
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deadly weapon, deadly virus, deadly poison, deadly attack
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🧏
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/def/
adjective
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- •••••• - •••••• - •••••• - •••••• - ••••••
unable to hear; having a hearing impairment
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The deaf child learned to communicate using sign language.

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- •••••• - ••••••
hearing-impaired, hard of hearing
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hearing, able to hear
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deaf person, deaf community, stone deaf
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🤝
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/diːl/
verb
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- ••••••
dealt
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dealt
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deals
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dealing
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to distribute or give out something; to handle or manage
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He had to deal with many problems at work.

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deal with it

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a phrase used to say one must accept or handle a situation
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handle, manage, cope, distribute, bargain
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ignore, neglect, avoid
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deal with, business deal, fair deal, deal cards
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💼
••••••
/ˈdiːlər/
noun
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- •••••• - •••••• - •••••• - •••••• - ••••••
a person or business that buys and sells goods; someone who distributes
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The car dealer offered a discount to attract customers.

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merchant, trader, vendor, seller, distributor
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buyer, customer
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car dealer, art dealer, drug dealer, authorized dealer
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💖
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/dɪr/
adjective
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loved or cherished; sometimes used as a polite form of address
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She is very dear to her grandparents.

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oh dear

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an exclamation showing surprise, worry, or sympathy
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beloved, cherished, precious, valued
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hated, disliked
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my dear, dear friend, hold dear, oh dear
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💀
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/dɛθ/
noun
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- •••••• - •••••• - •••••• - •••••• - ••••••
The end of life; the permanent cessation of all vital functions.
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The news of his death shocked everyone in the village.

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a matter of life and death

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something extremely important or urgent
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demise, passing, end, expiration, departure
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birth, life, existence
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sudden death, tragic death, death penalty, cause of death, near death
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🗣️
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/dɪˈbeɪt/
noun, verb
••••••
- ••••••
debated
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debated
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debates
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debating
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A formal discussion on a particular topic where opposing arguments are presented.
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The students prepared well for the school debate.

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open to debate

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something that is not certain or can be questioned
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discussion, argument, dispute, deliberation, dialogue
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agreement, harmony, consensus
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heated debate, public debate, political debate, debate team, debate club
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🪨
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/dəˈbriː/
noun
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•••••• - •••••• - •••••• - •••••• - ••••••
Scattered fragments of waste, remains, or broken pieces.
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The streets were filled with debris after the storm.

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clearing the debris

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Removing the remains or waste after destruction.
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rubble, wreckage, remains, fragments, litter
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order, cleanliness, neatness
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debris field, scattered debris, storm debris, clear debris
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💸
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/dɛt/
noun
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•••••• - •••••• - •••••• - •••••• - ••••••
Something, typically money, that is owed or due.
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He struggled for years to pay off his debt.

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in debt

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to owe money
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liability, obligation, arrears, dues, loan
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asset, credit, surplus
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pay debt, heavy debt, national debt, debt relief, debt crisis
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🎤
••••••
/ˈdeɪ.bjuː/
noun, verb
••••••
- ••••••
debuted
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debuted
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debuts
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debuting
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The first public appearance or performance of someone or something.
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The young actor made his debut on the big stage.

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make a debut

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To appear or perform publicly for the first time.
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first appearance, introduction, premiere, launch, entrance
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retirement, farewell, exit
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make debut, debut performance, debut album, debut match
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📅
••••••
/ˈdɛkeɪd/
noun
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- •••••• - •••••• - •••••• - •••••• - ••••••
A period of ten years.
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The country has changed a lot in the past decade.

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- •••••• - ••••••
ten years, period, era, span
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moment, instant
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past decade, next decade, over a decade, within a decade
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🦠
••••••
/dɪˈkeɪ/
verb, noun
••••••
- ••••••
decayed
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decayed
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decays
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decaying
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The process of rotting or decomposition; to decline in quality or strength.
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The abandoned house slowly began to decay.

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tooth decay

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The rotting or damage of teeth.
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rot, spoil, decompose, deteriorate, decline
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grow, flourish, improve
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decay process, tooth decay, rapid decay, slow decay
••••••
❄️
••••••
/dɪˈsɛmbər/
noun
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- •••••• - •••••• - •••••• - •••••• - ••••••
the twelfth and last month of the year in the Gregorian calendar
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December is usually cold in many countries.

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- •••••• - ••••••
month twelve, twelfth month, year end, winter month
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January, summer
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December holiday, December weather, late December, early December
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🤔
••••••
/dɪˈsaɪd/
verb
••••••
- ••••••
decided
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decided
••••••
decides
••••••
deciding
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To make a choice or judgment about something.
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She decided to study abroad after graduation.

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make up one's mind

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to decide after consideration
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determine, choose, settle, resolve, conclude
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hesitate, delay, waver
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decide quickly, decide against, decide whether, decide to go
••••••
⚖️
••••••
/dɪˈsɪʒən/
noun
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- •••••• - •••••• - •••••• - •••••• - ••••••
A conclusion or choice made after consideration.
••••••

She made a quick decision to accept the job offer.

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make a decision

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to come to a conclusion or choice
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choice, judgment, conclusion, verdict, resolution
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indecision, hesitation, doubt
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make a decision, tough decision, final decision, quick decision
••••••
••••••
/dɪˈsaɪsɪv/
adjective
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- •••••• - •••••• - •••••• - •••••• - ••••••
Having the ability to make decisions quickly and effectively; determining the outcome.
••••••

Her decisive action saved the company from collapse.

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decisive victory

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A win that settles an issue conclusively.
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conclusive, resolute, firm, determined, crucial
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indecisive, uncertain, hesitant
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decisive role, decisive moment, decisive action, decisive factor
••••••
🛳️
••••••
/dɛk/
noun
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- •••••• - •••••• - •••••• - •••••• - ••••••
A flat surface or platform, often on a ship or building.
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We enjoyed the sunset from the upper deck of the ferry.

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clear the deck

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to prepare for action or to get ready
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platform, floor, terrace, stage
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ground, basement
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ship deck, upper deck, deck chair, deck of cards
••••••
📜
••••••
/ˌdek.ləˈreɪ.ʃən/
noun
••••••
- •••••• - •••••• - •••••• - •••••• - ••••••
a formal or explicit statement or announcement; an official proclamation
••••••

The president's declaration of independence marked a historic moment for the nation.

••••••
- •••••• - ••••••
announcement, proclamation, statement, pronouncement
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concealment, silence, secrecy, denial
••••••
formal declaration, public declaration, declaration of war
••••••
📢
••••••
/dɪˈklɛər/
verb
••••••
- ••••••
declared
••••••
declared
••••••
declares
••••••
declaring
••••••
To announce something formally or officially.
••••••

The government declared a state of emergency.

••••••

declare war

••••••
to officially announce the beginning of a war
••••••
announce, proclaim, state, affirm, disclose
••••••
deny, conceal, hide
••••••
declare independence, declare victory, declare bankruptcy, declare an emergency
••••••
📉
••••••
/dɪˈklaɪn/
verb
••••••
••••••
declined
••••••
declined
••••••
declines
••••••
declining
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To refuse politely or to decrease in strength, quality, or number.
••••••

She declined the invitation to the party.

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on the decline

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becoming weaker or less important
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refuse, reject, deteriorate, weaken, decrease
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accept, rise, increase
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decline an offer, decline sharply, economic decline, decline in sales
••••••
🎨
••••••
/ˈdɛkəreɪt/
verb
••••••
••••••
decorated
••••••
decorated
••••••
decorates
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decorating
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to make something look more attractive by adding ornaments or color
••••••

They decorated the hall with balloons and lights for the party.

••••••

decorate the truth

••••••
to exaggerate or add details to make a story more interesting
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adorn, embellish, beautify, garnish, ornament
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spoil, deface, mar
••••••
decorate a room, decorate the tree, decorate with flowers, decorate beautifully
••••••
🎨
••••••
/ˌdek.əˈreɪ.ʃən/
noun
••••••
- •••••• - •••••• - •••••• - •••••• - ••••••
the process or art of decorating something; ornamental items used to beautify
••••••

The Christmas decoration transformed the ordinary room into a festive wonderland.

••••••
- •••••• - ••••••
ornamentation, embellishment, adornment, beautification
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simplicity, plainness, bareness, austerity
••••••
home decoration, holiday decoration, interior decoration
••••••
⬇️
••••••
/ˈdiːkriːs/ (noun), /dɪˈkriːs/ (verb)
verb/noun
••••••
- ••••••
decreased
••••••
decreased
••••••
decreases
••••••
decreasing
••••••
To become or make something smaller or fewer in number, amount, or degree.
••••••

The population of the town has decreased over the years.

••••••

decrease by half

••••••
to reduce something to 50% of its original size or number
••••••
reduce, diminish, lessen, cut, drop
••••••
increase, grow, rise
••••••
sharp decrease, gradual decrease, decrease in value, decrease rate
••••••
🙏
••••••
/ˈdɛdɪkeɪt/
verb
••••••
- ••••••
dedicated
••••••
dedicated
••••••
dedicates
••••••
dedicating
••••••
to devote time, effort, or oneself to a particular purpose or person
••••••

She dedicated her life to helping the poor.

••••••

dedicate oneself to

••••••
to commit oneself fully to something
••••••
devote, commit, allocate, apply, surrender
••••••
neglect, ignore, abandon
••••••
dedicate time, dedicate effort, dedicate a book, dedicate resources
••••••
💪
••••••
/ˈdɛdɪˌkeɪtɪd/
adjective
••••••
- •••••• - •••••• - •••••• - •••••• - ••••••
devoted to a cause, task, or purpose
••••••

She is a dedicated teacher who goes above and beyond for her students.

••••••
- •••••• - ••••••
committed, devoted, passionate, loyal
••••••
indifferent, apathetic, disinterested
••••••
dedicated worker, dedicated employee, dedicated to success
••••••
🎯
••••••
/ˌdɛdɪˈkeɪʃən/
noun
••••••
•••••• - •••••• - •••••• - •••••• - ••••••
the quality of being committed to a task or purpose
••••••

Her dedication to her studies earned her top grades.

••••••

dedication ceremony

••••••
a formal event to dedicate a building or monument
••••••
commitment, devotion, perseverance, loyalty, diligence
••••••
indifference, apathy, neglect
••••••
show dedication, strong dedication, dedication to work, dedication and hard work
••••••
📄
••••••
/diːd/
noun
••••••
- •••••• - •••••• - •••••• - •••••• - ••••••
an action that is performed intentionally or consciously; a legal document showing ownership
••••••

His heroic deed saved the child from drowning in the river.

••••••
- •••••• - ••••••
action, act, exploit, feat
••••••
inaction, neglect, omission
••••••
good deed, heroic deed, property deed
••••••
⚖️
••••••
/diːm/
verb
••••••
- ••••••
deemed
••••••
deemed
••••••
deems
••••••
deeming
••••••
to regard or consider in a specified way
••••••

The project was deemed a success by the board.

••••••
- •••••• - ••••••
consider, regard, judge, view, think
••••••
ignore, disregard, overlook
••••••
deem necessary, deem appropriate, deem fit, deem important
••••••
🌊
••••••
/diːp/
adjective
••••••
- •••••• - •••••• - •••••• - •••••• - ••••••
extending far down from the top or surface; profound or intense
••••••

The lake is very deep in the middle.

••••••

deep down

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used to describe a person's true feelings or thoughts that may not be expressed openly
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profound, intense, bottomless, vast, thorough
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shallow, superficial
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deep water, deep sleep, deep thought, deep voice, deep sea
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❤️
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/ˈdiːpli/
adverb
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- •••••• - •••••• - •••••• - •••••• - ••••••
to a great depth, extent, or intensity
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She was deeply moved by the speech.

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deeply rooted

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firmly established or ingrained
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profoundly, intensely, strongly, greatly
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lightly, superficially
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deeply moved, deeply concerned, deeply sorry, deeply involved
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🦌
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/dɪr/
noun
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- •••••• - •••••• - •••••• - •••••• - ••••••
a graceful wild animal with long legs and antlers, often living in forests
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A deer ran across the road suddenly.

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- •••••• - ••••••
stag, buck, doe, fawn
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predator, carnivore
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wild deer, deer hunting, herd of deer, deer park
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⚠️
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/dɪˈfɔːlt/
noun, verb
••••••
••••••
defaulted
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defaulted
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defaults
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defaulting
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failure to fulfill an obligation, especially to repay a loan
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The company defaulted on its loan payments.

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in default

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in a state of failing to fulfill an obligation
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nonpayment, failure, negligence, omission
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payment, fulfillment, compliance
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loan default, mortgage default, default settings, default judgment
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🏆
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/dɪˈfiːt/
verb
••••••
- ••••••
defeated
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defeated
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defeats
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defeating
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to win a victory over someone or something in a competition or battle
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Our team defeated their rivals in the final match.

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snatch defeat from the jaws of victory

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to fail at the last moment when success seemed certain
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conquer, overcome, beat, overpower, vanquish
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surrender, lose, yield
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defeat the enemy, defeat the purpose, heavy defeat, crushing defeat
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⚠️
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/ˈdiːfɛkt/ (noun), /dɪˈfɛkt/ (verb)
noun, verb
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- ••••••
defected
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defected
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defects
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defecting
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A shortcoming, imperfection, or flaw; or to abandon a cause or group for another.
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The engineer found a defect in the software code.

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defect from duty

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To abandon one's responsibility or loyalty.
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flaw, fault, imperfection, deficiency, weakness
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strength, perfection, loyalty
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manufacturing defect, genetic defect, defect in design
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⚔️
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/dɪˈfɛnd/
verb
••••••
- ••••••
defended
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defended
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defends
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defending
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To protect someone or something from harm or attack.
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The lawyer worked hard to defend her client.

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defend one's honor

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To protect one’s reputation from criticism or insult.
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protect, guard, shield, support, justify
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attack, abandon, betray
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defend a case, defend the goal, defend human rights
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⚖️
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/dɪˈfen.dənt/
noun
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- •••••• - •••••• - •••••• - •••••• - ••••••
an individual, company, or institution sued or accused in a court of law
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The defendant pleaded not guilty to all charges brought against him.

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- •••••• - ••••••
accused, respondent, litigant
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plaintiff, prosecutor, accuser
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criminal defendant, civil defendant, defendant's rights
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🛡️
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/dɪˈfɛndər/
noun
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- •••••• - •••••• - •••••• - •••••• - ••••••
a person who protects someone or something from harm or attack
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The defender blocked the shot and saved the goal.

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stand as a defender of

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to support or protect something or someone
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protector, guardian, champion, advocate, supporter
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attacker, enemy, opponent
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football defender, human rights defender, defender of justice
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🛡️
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/dɪˈfɛns/
noun
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•••••• - •••••• - •••••• - •••••• - ••••••
the action of protecting from attack; the act of resisting or guarding
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The army prepared a strong defense against the invasion.

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defense mechanism

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an unconscious psychological strategy used to protect oneself from anxiety
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protection, safeguard, security, resistance
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attack, offense
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strong defense, national defense, legal defense, defense system
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🛡️
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/dɪˈfɛnsɪv/
adjective
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- •••••• - •••••• - •••••• - •••••• - ••••••
Intended to protect or defend; behaving in a way to guard against criticism or attack.
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He became defensive when asked about his mistake.

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defensive stance

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A protective or guarded position in argument or conflict.
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protective, guarded, cautious, shielding
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offensive, aggressive, open
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defensive behavior, defensive mechanism, defensive reaction, defensive stance
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⚠️
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/dɪˈfɪʃ.ən.si/
noun
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- •••••• - •••••• - •••••• - •••••• - ••••••
a lack or shortage of something that is necessary
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The doctor diagnosed him with a vitamin D deficiency.

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iron deficiency

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a lack of sufficient iron in the body
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shortage, lack, insufficiency, scarcity, inadequacy
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abundance, sufficiency, excess
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vitamin deficiency, iron deficiency, nutritional deficiency, deficiency disease
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