Lesson 17
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Lesson 17 - Mask Toggle

Emoji
Word Images Past Past Participle Third Person Singular Gerund Meaning Example Sentence Example Expression Example Expression Meaning Synonyms Antonyms Collocations
🌞
••••••
/ˈbraɪtən/
verb
••••••
- ••••••
brightened
••••••
brightened
••••••
brightens
••••••
brightening
••••••
to make something lighter or more colorful; to improve mood or make happier
••••••

A few kind words can brighten someone's day.

••••••

brighten up

••••••
to become or make something happier, lighter, or more cheerful
••••••
lighten, illuminate, cheer, enliven, enhance
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darken, dull, depress
••••••
brighten the room, brighten your mood, brighten a smile, brighten up
••••••
••••••
/ˈbraɪtli/
adverb
••••••
- •••••• - •••••• - •••••• - •••••• - ••••••
in a way that gives off a lot of light; in a vivid, cheerful, or intelligent manner
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The stars shone brightly in the clear night sky.

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- •••••• - ••••••
brilliantly, vividly, radiantly, cheerfully, luminously
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dimly, dullishly, faintly
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shine brightly, glow brightly, burn brightly, smile brightly
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💡
••••••
/ˈbrɪliənt/
adjective
••••••
- •••••• - •••••• - •••••• - •••••• - ••••••
Exceptionally clever, talented, or impressive; very bright or radiant.
••••••

She gave a brilliant performance on stage.

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brilliant idea

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A very clever or excellent thought or plan.
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intelligent, smart, talented, outstanding, radiant
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stupid, dull, ordinary
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brilliant idea, brilliant mind, brilliant career, brilliant light
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📦
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/brɪŋ/
verb
••••••
••••••
brought
••••••
brought
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brings
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bringing
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to carry or move something or someone to a place
••••••

Please bring your books to class tomorrow.

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bring up

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to mention or introduce a topic
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carry, fetch, deliver, convey, transport
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take, remove
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bring about, bring back, bring up, bring along, bring forward
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🇬🇧
••••••
/ˈbrɪtɪʃ/
adjective
••••••
- •••••• - •••••• - •••••• - •••••• - ••••••
relating to Great Britain or its people
••••••

She loves British culture and traditions.

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- •••••• - ••••••
English, UK, Anglo, Briton
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foreign, non-British
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British culture, British accent, British history, British empire
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🌉
••••••
/brɔːd/
adjective
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- •••••• - •••••• - •••••• - •••••• - ••••••
wide in extent, range, or scope
••••••

The river is very broad at this point.

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broad daylight

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during the day when it is light and visible
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wide, extensive, vast, expansive, comprehensive
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narrow, limited, restricted
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broad range, broad shoulders, broad spectrum, broad agreement
••••••
📶
••••••
/ˈbrɔːd.bænd/
noun
••••••
- •••••• - •••••• - •••••• - •••••• - ••••••
a high-capacity transmission technique using a wide range of frequencies.
••••••

Broadband internet has become a necessity in modern homes.

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- •••••• - ••••••
high-speed internet, fast internet, fiber-optic connection
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dial-up, slow internet
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broadband connection, broadband service, broadband speed
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📡
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/ˈbrɔːdˌkæst/
verb
••••••
- ••••••
broadcast
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broadcast
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broadcasts
••••••
broadcasting
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to transmit a program or information by radio, television, or online media
••••••

The match was broadcast live on television.

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broadcast live

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to transmit an event in real time
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air, transmit, telecast, announce
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conceal, suppress
••••••
broadcast live, radio broadcast, television broadcast
••••••
📺
••••••
/ˈbrɔːdˌkæstər/
noun
••••••
- •••••• - •••••• - •••••• - •••••• - ••••••
a person or organization that transmits a broadcast program.
••••••

The broadcaster aired the match live to millions of viewers.

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- •••••• - ••••••
announcer, presenter, host, radio operator
••••••
listener, viewer
••••••
radio broadcaster, television broadcaster, news broadcaster
••••••
🌍
••••••
/ˈbrɔːdən/
verb
••••••
- ••••••
broadened
••••••
broadened
••••••
broadens
••••••
broadening
••••••
to make wider or larger in scope; to expand ideas, experience, or understanding
••••••

Travel can broaden your perspective on different cultures.

••••••

broaden one's horizons

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to expand one's knowledge, experience, or way of thinking
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expand, widen, enlarge, extend, amplify
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narrow, limit, restrict
••••••
broaden horizons, broaden perspective, broaden scope, broaden understanding
••••••
🌍
••••••
/ˈbrɔːdli/
adverb
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- •••••• - •••••• - •••••• - •••••• - ••••••
in a general or wide manner.
••••••

The rules are broadly similar across all regions.

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- •••••• - ••••••
generally, largely, widely, extensively
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specifically, narrowly
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broadly speaking, broadly defined, broadly similar
••••••
💸
••••••
/broʊk/
verb; adjective
••••••
- ••••••
broke
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broken
••••••
breaks
••••••
breaking
••••••
past tense of break; having no money or being financially poor
••••••

I broke my phone last night and now I’m completely broke.

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broke as a joke

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having no money at all
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shattered, smashed, fractured, bankrupt, penniless
••••••
fixed, repaired, wealthy
••••••
broke the rules, broke a promise, went broke, completely broke
••••••
💔
••••••
/ˈbroʊkən/
adjective
••••••
- •••••• - •••••• - •••••• - •••••• - ••••••
damaged or not working properly
••••••

The chair is broken and needs repair.

••••••

broken heart

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deep emotional pain due to loss or disappointment
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damaged, ruined, fractured, defective
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fixed, whole, intact
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broken glass, broken promise, broken machine, broken relationship
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👨‍👦
••••••
/ˈbrʌðər/
noun
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- •••••• - •••••• - •••••• - •••••• - ••••••
a male sibling
••••••

My brother is two years older than me.

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big brother

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an older brother or a protective authority
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sibling, kin, mate, companion
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sister, stranger
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younger brother, elder brother, brother in law, brotherhood
••••••
🤎
••••••
/braʊn/
adjective
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- •••••• - •••••• - •••••• - •••••• - ••••••
of a color produced by mixing red, yellow, and black
••••••

She wore a brown dress to the party.

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brownie points

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credit or favor earned for doing something good
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tan, beige, chocolate, chestnut, hazel
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white, black
••••••
brown hair, brown eyes, brown sugar, dark brown
••••••
📖
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/braʊz/
verb
••••••
- ••••••
browsed
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browsed
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browses
••••••
browsing
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To look at or skim through casually, especially online or in a store
••••••

She likes to browse books in the library.

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browse the internet

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to look through websites casually
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skim, glance, peruse, surf, scan
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ignore, overlook
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browse the internet, browse books, casually browse
••••••
🌐
••••••
/ˈbraʊzər/
noun
••••••
- •••••• - •••••• - •••••• - •••••• - ••••••
a software application for accessing information on the World Wide Web.
••••••

I use a web browser to search for information online.

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- •••••• - ••••••
internet browser, web browser, search engine
••••••
offline, non-browser
••••••
web browser, browser window, browser history
••••••
📢
••••••
/bruːt/
verb
••••••
- ••••••
bruited
••••••
bruited
••••••
bruits
••••••
bruiting
••••••
to spread a rumor or report widely
••••••

The scandal was quickly bruited about the town.

••••••
- •••••• - ••••••
circulate, spread, disseminate, broadcast, propagate
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conceal, suppress, hide
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bruit about, bruit abroad, bruit rumors
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🖌️
••••••
/brʌʃ/
noun/verb
••••••
- ••••••
brushed
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brushed
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brushes
••••••
brushing
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A tool with bristles for cleaning, painting, or grooming; to clean, arrange, or apply with a brush.
••••••

She used a brush to paint the fence.

••••••

brush up on

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To review or practice knowledge or skills to improve them.
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sweep, scrub, groom, polish, paint
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neglect, dirty
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paint brush, hair brush, brush teeth, brush off
••••••
💣
••••••
/ˈbruː.təl/
adjective
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- •••••• - •••••• - •••••• - •••••• - ••••••
extremely cruel or harsh; violent and without feeling
••••••

The dictator’s rule was marked by brutal violence.

••••••

brutal truth

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a painful but honest fact
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cruel, savage, harsh, ruthless, violent
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kind, gentle, merciful
••••••
brutal attack, brutal murder, brutal regime, brutal truth
••••••
⚔️
••••••
/bruːˈtæləti/
noun
••••••
- •••••• - •••••• - •••••• - •••••• - ••••••
extreme cruelty or violence; savage or inhumane treatment
••••••

The brutality of the attack shocked the entire community.

••••••
- •••••• - ••••••
cruelty, savagery, violence, barbarity, ruthlessness
••••••
kindness, humanity, compassion
••••••
police brutality, extreme brutality, act of brutality, military brutality
••••••
💥
••••••
/ˈbruːtəlaɪz/
verb
••••••
- ••••••
brutalized
••••••
brutalized
••••••
brutalizes
••••••
brutalizing
••••••
to treat someone with extreme violence or cruelty; to make something harsh or cruel
••••••

The regime was accused of brutalizing innocent civilians.

••••••
- •••••• - ••••••
abuse, torture, mistreat, savage, victimize
••••••
protect, nurture, care for
••••••
brutalize civilians, brutalize prisoners, brutalize the population, brutally treated
••••••
💥
••••••
/ˈbruːtəli/
adverb
••••••
- •••••• - •••••• - •••••• - •••••• - ••••••
in a cruel, violent, or harsh manner; in a very direct and blunt way
••••••

The prisoners were treated brutally by the guards.

••••••

brutally honest

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extremely direct and truthful, sometimes in a harsh way
••••••
cruelly, harshly, savagely, ruthlessly, mercilessly
••••••
kindly, gently, humanely
••••••
brutally honest, brutally attacked, brutally beaten, brutally cold, brutally effective
••••••
🫧
••••••
/ˈbʌb.əl/
noun
••••••
- •••••• - •••••• - •••••• - •••••• - ••••••
a thin sphere of liquid enclosing air or gas; a temporary state of inflated value or excitement
••••••

The children chased the bubbles in the air.

••••••

economic bubble

••••••
a market situation where prices are much higher than the actual value
••••••
sphere, blister, balloon, foam
••••••
burst, deflate
••••••
soap bubble, economic bubble, bubble burst, bubble bath
••••••
🦌
••••••
/bʌk/
noun/verb
••••••
- ••••••
bucked
••••••
bucked
••••••
bucks
••••••
bucking
••••••
A male deer; also to resist or oppose strongly.
••••••

The horse began to buck wildly as the rider tried to hold on.

••••••

buck the system

••••••
to resist or oppose authority or established rules
••••••
resist, oppose, rebel, deer, challenge
••••••
submit, accept, comply
••••••
buck deer, buck the trend, buck against, buck the system
••••••
🌹
••••••
/bʌd/
noun
••••••
- •••••• - •••••• - •••••• - •••••• - ••••••
An undeveloped or immature flower before it opens
••••••

The rose bud will bloom into a beautiful flower in a few days.

••••••
- •••••• - ••••••
flower bud, shoot, sprout
••••••
bloom, flower, blossom
••••••
rose bud, flower bud, budding stage
••••••
🤝
••••••
/ˈbʌdi/
noun
••••••
- •••••• - •••••• - •••••• - •••••• - ••••••
a close friend or companion, used informally
••••••

He went to the movies with his best buddy.

••••••

buddy up

••••••
to become friends or form a pair for a task
••••••
friend, pal, mate, chum, companion
••••••
enemy, foe, rival
••••••
best buddy, travel buddy, gym buddy, buddy system, study buddy
••••••
💰
••••••
/ˈbʌdʒɪt/
noun/verb
••••••
- ••••••
budgeted
••••••
budgeted
••••••
budgets
••••••
budgeting
••••••
An estimate of income and expenditure for a set period of time; to plan expenses and income.
••••••

The family created a budget to manage their expenses.

••••••

on a tight budget

••••••
Having limited money to spend.
••••••
plan, allocation, estimate, allowance, finances
••••••
waste, extravagance
••••••
annual budget, budget plan, budget deficit, budget cut
••••••
🛡️
••••••
/ˈbʌfər/
noun/verb
••••••
- ••••••
buffered
••••••
buffered
••••••
buffers
••••••
buffering
••••••
Something that lessens or absorbs the impact of a shock; to act as a protective barrier.
••••••

The organization acts as a buffer between workers and management.

••••••

buffer zone

••••••
an area meant to reduce conflict between two sides
••••••
cushion, shield, barrier, protection, safeguard
••••••
exposure, vulnerability
••••••
buffer zone, buffer state, buffer against, buffering effect
••••••
🐞
••••••
/bʌɡ/
noun
••••••
- •••••• - •••••• - •••••• - •••••• - ••••••
a small insect; informally, a flaw or error in a system or program
••••••

There’s a bug in the code that causes the app to crash.

••••••

catch the bug

••••••
to suddenly become very interested in something
••••••
insect, glitch, defect, flaw, error
••••••
fix, correction, perfection
••••••
software bug, nasty bug, fix a bug, bug report, bug tracker
••••••
🏗️
••••••
/bɪld/
verb
••••••
••••••
built
••••••
built
••••••
builds
••••••
building
••••••
To construct something by putting parts or materials together.
••••••

They plan to build a new school in the village.

••••••

build up

••••••
To increase or develop something gradually.
••••••
construct, create, assemble, develop, establish
••••••
destroy, demolish, break
••••••
build a house, build trust, build a team, build strength
••••••
🏢
••••••
/ˈbɪldɪŋ/
noun
••••••
- •••••• - •••••• - •••••• - •••••• - ••••••
A structure with a roof and walls, such as a house, school, or office.
••••••

The old building was renovated into a museum.

••••••

burn down a building

••••••
To completely destroy a building with fire.
••••••
structure, construction, edifice, property
••••••
ruin, demolition
••••••
tall building, office building, apartment building, historic building
••••••
📦
••••••
/bʌlk/
noun, verb
••••••
- ••••••
bulked
••••••
bulked
••••••
bulks
••••••
bulking
••••••
The mass or large size of something; to gain mass or volume.
••••••

He bought rice in bulk to save money.

••••••

bulk up

••••••
To increase in size or muscle mass.
••••••
mass, volume, size, magnitude, heap
••••••
smallness, portion, fragment
••••••
in bulk, bulk order, bulk materials, bulk up
••••••
🔫
••••••
/ˈbʊlɪt/
noun
••••••
- •••••• - •••••• - •••••• - •••••• - ••••••
A small, metal projectile fired from a gun.
••••••

The soldier loaded a bullet into his rifle.

••••••

bite the bullet

••••••
To endure a painful or unpleasant situation with courage.
••••••
projectile, shot, cartridge, ammo
••••••
peace, safety
••••••
bullet train, bullet wound, silver bullet, stray bullet
••••••
💥
••••••
/bʌmp/
verb
••••••
- ••••••
bumped
••••••
bumped
••••••
bumps
••••••
bumping
••••••
To hit something or someone by accident; to knock against something.
••••••

He accidentally bumped into the door.

••••••

bump into

••••••
to meet someone unexpectedly
••••••
knock, hit, collide, jolt
••••••
avoid, dodge
••••••
bump into, bump against, speed bump, slight bump
••••••
🌸
••••••
/bʌntʃ/
noun
••••••
- •••••• - •••••• - •••••• - •••••• - ••••••
a group of things that are fastened, held, or growing together
••••••

She gave me a bunch of flowers for my birthday.

••••••

a bunch of

••••••
a large quantity of something
••••••
bundle, cluster, group, collection, pack
••••••
individual, single, one
••••••
a bunch of flowers, a bunch of grapes, a bunch of keys, whole bunch
••••••
📦
••••••
/ˈbʌn.dəl/
noun
••••••
- •••••• - •••••• - •••••• - •••••• - ••••••
a collection of things or quantity of material tied or wrapped up together
••••••

The mailman delivered a bundle of letters to our house.

••••••
- •••••• - ••••••
package, parcel, pack, collection
••••••
single item, loose objects
••••••
bundle of sticks, bundle of clothes, bundle of papers
••••••
🛡️
••••••
/ˈbʌŋkər/
noun, verb
••••••
- ••••••
bunkered
••••••
bunkered
••••••
bunkers
••••••
bunkering
••••••
a reinforced underground shelter; to place or store something in a protected place
••••••

They hid in a bunker during the air raid.

••••••

bunker down

••••••
to stay in a safe place and wait until danger passes
••••••
shelter, dugout, stronghold, refuge, stockpile
••••••
expose, uncover, surface
••••••
underground bunker, military bunker, concrete bunker, bunker down
••••••
⚖️
••••••
/ˈbɜːrdn/
noun
••••••
- •••••• - •••••• - •••••• - •••••• - ••••••
a heavy load, especially one that is difficult to carry
••••••

The financial burden was too heavy for him to bear.

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carry a burden

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to endure a hardship or responsibility
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load, weight, obligation, strain, duty
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relief, ease, aid
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heavy burden, financial burden, burden of responsibility, carry a burden
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📑
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/bjʊˈrɒkrəsi/
noun
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A system of administration marked by official rules, procedures, and hierarchy.
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Starting a new business often involves dealing with a lot of bureaucracy.

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red tape

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Excessive rules and formalities in bureaucracy.
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administration, officialdom, authority, government
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freedom, efficiency
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bureaucracy system, excessive bureaucracy, fight bureaucracy
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⚰️
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/ˈbɛriəl/
noun
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the act of placing a dead body into the ground.
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The burial ceremony took place in the afternoon.

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interment, entombment, inhumation
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exhumation, resurrection
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burial site, burial ground, burial ceremony
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🔥
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/bɜːrn/
verb
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burned
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burned
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burns
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burning
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to destroy or damage by fire
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He accidentally burned the toast in the kitchen.

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burn the midnight oil

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to work late into the night
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scorch, ignite, blaze, flame, char
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extinguish, cool, put out
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burn down, burn out, burn brightly, burn with anger
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/ˈbɜːrnɪʃ/
verb
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burnished
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burnished
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burnishes
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burnishing
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To polish something by rubbing; to enhance or improve.
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He burnished the old table until it shone.

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burnish one's reputation

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To improve or enhance one’s public image or standing.
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polish, shine, buff, gloss, brighten
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dull, tarnish, damage
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burnish metal, burnish image, burnish skills, burnish surface
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💥
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/bɜːst/
verb
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burst
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burst
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bursts
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bursting
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to break open suddenly and violently; to come forth with sudden force or emotion
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The balloon burst when it hit the thorn.

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burst into tears

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to start crying suddenly
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explode, break, crack, erupt, rupture
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hold, contain, restrain
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burst into flames, burst open, burst into laughter, burst with joy
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⚰️
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/ˈberi/
verb
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buried
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buried
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buries
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burying
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to put something into the ground and cover it with earth
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They buried the treasure in the garden.

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bury the hatchet

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to make peace or end a conflict
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entomb, inter, hide, cover, conceal
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uncover, exhume, reveal
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bury alive, bury deep, bury the dead, bury the hatchet
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🚌
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/bʌs/
noun
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a large motor vehicle carrying passengers by road
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We waited for the bus at the station.

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miss the bus

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to miss an opportunity
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coach, minibus, vehicle, transport
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car, bicycle
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take the bus, catch a bus, bus stop, bus station
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💼
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/ˈbɪznəs/
noun
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the practice of making money by producing or buying and selling goods or services
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She started her own business last year.

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mind your own business

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focus on your own matters and not interfere with others
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company, trade, firm, enterprise, commerce
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idleness, unemployment
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small business, family business, business plan, business meeting
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