CEFR Level
A person's social environment or surroundings.
"She grew up in an artistic milieu."
Aggressively active in a cause, sometimes using forceful methods.
"The group became increasingly militant in their demands."
The belief in maintaining a strong military and using it aggressively to defend or promote national interests.
"The rise of militarism in the region caused tension among neighboring countries."
A sudden armed attack or invasion by military forces into a territory.
"The military incursion caused widespread devastation."
a group of ordinary people who are trained to act as soldiers in emergencies
"The village formed a militia to defend against attacks."
a period of one thousand years; often used to mark an anniversary
"The year 2000 was celebrated as the beginning of a new millennium."
A performer who conveys meaning through gestures and body movements without speech.
"The mime entertained the children with exaggerated expressions."
To copy the actions, speech, or behavior of someone or something.
"Children often mimic their parents' behavior."
The act of imitating someone or something, often for humor or learning.
"The comedian’s mimicry of celebrities made the audience laugh."
to cut food, especially meat, into very small pieces; to speak in an affectedly delicate or refined way
"She minced the garlic before adding it to the sauce."
without thought or intelligence; done without consideration
"He was bored by the mindless tasks at work."
to mix or combine; to move among people and engage socially
"Guests mingled at the party, chatting and laughing together."
extremely small in size or importance
"She made only a minuscule contribution to the project."
in very small detail; extremely carefully
"The detective examined the evidence minutely."
Extraordinarily wonderful or unusual, as if by a miracle.
"Her recovery after the accident was truly miraculous."
An optical illusion caused by atmospheric conditions, often seen in deserts or hot roads, where water or objects appear to exist but do not.
"The weary travelers saw a mirage of water in the desert."
Trapped or entangled in something, typically a difficult situation.
"The politician was mired in scandal."
Great joy, amusement, or laughter.
"The festival was full of mirth and laughter."
Consisting of a variety of different items or types.
"The drawer was filled with miscellaneous objects."
A view or opinion that is incorrect based on faulty thinking or understanding.
"Many people have a misconception about healthy dieting."
Improper or unacceptable behavior, especially by a professional or authority figure.
"The teacher was dismissed for serious misconduct."
To count wrongly or inaccurately.
"He miscounted the number of chairs in the hall."
A wrong or illegal act.
"He regretted his past misdeeds and apologized."
A minor wrongdoing or criminal offense that is less serious than a felony.
"He was fined for a misdemeanor involving public disturbance."
A person who hoards wealth and spends as little money as possible.
"The old miser refused to donate even a penny to charity."
Unwilling to spend money; stingy.
"She lived a miserly life, refusing to buy anything new."
A feeling of doubt, worry, or suspicion.
"She had serious misgivings about signing the contract."
feelings of doubt or concern about the outcome or propriety of something
"She had serious misgivings about signing the contract."
an unlucky accident or minor misfortune
"A minor mishap delayed the train for half an hour."
to understand or explain something wrongly
"He misinterpreted her silence as agreement."
to handle or control something badly or inefficiently
"The company went bankrupt because it was mismanaged for years."
Bad or careless management of something.
"Mismanagement of plastic waste worsens pollution."
Hatred of, contempt for, or prejudice against women.
"The novel has been criticized for promoting misogyny."
To put something in the wrong location and temporarily lose it.
"I often misplace my keys when I am in a hurry."
to read something incorrectly or interpret wrongly
"He misread the instructions and built the shelf incorrectly."
to give a false or misleading account of something
"The lawyer accused the witness of trying to misrepresent the facts."
a person sent on a religious mission, especially to promote Christianity in a foreign country
"The missionary spent years helping local communities in Africa."
lack of trust; suspicion or doubt about someone or something
"The villagers showed deep mistrust of outsiders."
a very small creature, often a tiny arachnid; also used to mean a very small amount
"The mattress was infested with dust mites."
to make less severe, serious, or painful
"The new policies aim to mitigate the effects of climate change."
The action of reducing the severity, seriousness, or painfulness of something.
"Climate change mitigation requires global cooperation."
Plans and actions designed to reduce the severity or impact of problems or risks.
"Governments must adopt mitigation strategies for climate change."
An economic system where both government and private sector operate together.
"Most countries today follow a mixed economy model."
a device or technique used to aid memory
"Students often use mnemonic devices to remember lists of words."
Techniques or systems used to help remember information.
"The teacher taught the students mnemonics to memorize the planets in order."
A deep, wide ditch surrounding a castle or town, often filled with water, for defense.
"The castle was protected by a wide moat filled with water."
a large, disorderly crowd of people, typically one that is agitated or violent
"The mob gathered outside the building, demanding justice."
to organize or prepare people or resources for action
"The leader worked hard to mobilize the community for the protest."
Teasing or contemptuous language or behavior directed at someone or something.
"His attempt at cooking ended in mockery from his friends."
The quality or condition of being modern; up-to-date ideas, practices, or style.
"The city’s architecture reflects both tradition and modernity."
