CEFR Level
Causing feelings of pity, sadness, or sometimes contempt.
"The team’s performance in the match was simply pathetic."
a route or course along which something travels or progresses
"The narrow pathway led to the hidden garden."
A person who loves and strongly supports their country.
"The patriot stood proudly under the national flag."
showing love for one's country
"The patriotic citizens celebrated Independence Day with great enthusiasm."
Love for and devotion to one's country.
"His patriotism was evident when he volunteered for military service."
to move around an area to watch or guard it
"The police patrol the streets at night to ensure safety."
a person who gives financial or other support to a person, organization, or cause
"The library is supported by generous patrons."
required to be paid; owed as a debt
"The amount is payable within thirty days of the invoice date."
the pointed top of a mountain or hill, or the highest point of something
"They reached the peak of the mountain after hours of hiking."
a poor farmer or agricultural laborer who owns or rents a small piece of land for cultivation
"The peasant worked hard in the fields from dawn to dusk."
a small smooth stone found on beaches or rivers
"He threw a pebble into the pond and watched the ripples."
strange or unusual; characteristic of only one person, place, or thing
"She has a peculiar habit of talking to her plants."
in a strange or unusual way; in a manner that is distinctive or characteristic
"She dressed peculiarly for the formal dinner, wearing bright colors and unusual patterns."
A foot-operated lever for powering or controlling a mechanism, especially on a bicycle.
"He pressed down hard on the bicycle pedal."
a doctor who specializes in the medical care of children
"The pediatrician examined the child carefully."
a kitchen tool used to remove the outer skin or peel from fruits and vegetables
"Use a peeler to remove the potato skin."
to look quickly or secretly, especially through a narrow opening
"The child tried to peep through the keyhole."
noun: a person of the same rank or status; verb: to look closely or with difficulty
"He tried to peer through the fog to see his peers on the other side."
The effect that members of a peer group have on each other, especially in terms of behavior, attitudes, and decision-making.
"Peer influence can shape juvenile behavior significantly."
a fictitious name used by an author instead of their real name; a pseudonym
"Mark Twain was the pen-name of Samuel Clemens."
awaiting decision or settlement
"The case is still pending in court."
To pass into or through; to enter or pierce.
"The bullet could not penetrate the armor."
The act of piercing or entering into something.
"The company's market penetration grew rapidly."
a piece of land that is almost completely surrounded by water but connected to the mainland
"The Korean Peninsula is located in East Asia."
A regular payment made during a person's retirement from an investment fund or employer.
"After 30 years of service, he received a monthly pension."
To become aware of or recognize something through the senses or the mind.
"She perceived a change in his tone of voice."
to become aware of something through the senses or the mind; to understand or interpret
"She perceived a hint of sadness in his voice."
The ability to see, hear, or become aware of something; an interpretation of sensory information.
"Public perception of the issue has changed over time."
the state of being complete and without flaws; the highest degree of excellence
"The artist spent years trying to achieve perfection in his paintings."
a magazine or journal published at regular intervals
"She subscribed to a science periodical."
To die, especially in a sudden or violent way.
"Many soldiers perished in the war."
A benefit or advantage associated with a job; or to become more lively or cheerful.
"One of the perks of working here is free lunch every Friday."
The state or quality of lasting or remaining unchanged indefinitely.
"The permanence of the monument symbolizes eternal respect."
continued effort to do or achieve something despite difficulties
"Her perseverance in the face of obstacles was inspiring."
to continue trying to achieve something despite difficulty or delay
"He persevered through many failures before succeeding."
to continue firmly in an action or opinion despite difficulty or opposition
"She decided to persist in her efforts to learn French."
the quality of continuing steadily despite problems or difficulties
"His persistence finally paid off when he got the job."
continuing to exist or endure over a prolonged period
"Despite many setbacks, her persistent efforts led to success."
People employed in an organization or engaged in an organized undertaking such as military service.
"The company is hiring more personnel for its new branch."
A particular attitude toward or way of regarding something; a point of view.
"From her perspective, the plan seemed risky."
A particular attitude toward or way of regarding something; a point of view.
"New perspectives enhance understanding."
The ability to convince someone to believe or do something through reasoning or argument.
"His persuasion skills helped close the business deal."
A tendency to see the worst aspect of things or believe the worst will happen.
"Her constant pessimism made it hard to stay optimistic."
a person who tends to see the worst aspect of things or believes that the worst will happen; someone who lacks hope or confidence in the future
"Being a pessimist, he always expected the worst outcome."
A chemical substance used to kill pests, especially insects harmful to crops.
"Farmers use pesticide to protect their crops from insects."
Chemical substances used to kill pests, but harmful to beneficial insects like butterflies.
"Excessive use of pesticides harms butterflies."
Harmful or troublesome creatures, especially insects or small animals that damage crops, food, or living spaces.
"Pests can damage crops and cause diseases."
One of the colored segments of a flower that forms the corolla
"Each petal of the daisy was white with a yellow center."
to diminish gradually and come to an end; to fade or dwindle away
"The excitement of the event began to peter out after a few hours."
a formal written request, typically signed by many people, appealing to authority about a cause
"They signed a petition to improve road safety in the area."
