B1 noun /ˈvɪərər/

viewer

观众

Meaning

a person who watches something, especially television or video content

Example

The viewer is able to switch channels with the remote control.

观众可以使用遥控器切换频道。

A2 noun /lɒs/

loss

损失

Meaning

The state of no longer having something or someone; the harm resulting from losing.

Example

The company suffered a huge financial loss last year.

公司去年遭受了巨大的财务损失。

B2 noun /ˌɒpəˈzɪʃən/

opposition

反对

Meaning

the action of opposing or resisting something

Example

The opposition to the new law was strong.

对新法律的反对很强烈。

C2 noun /ɛθˈnɒlədʒi/

ethnology

民族学

Meaning

the study of the characteristics of different peoples and the differences and relationships between them

Example

She specialized in ethnology to better understand cultural diversity.

她专攻民族学，以更好地理解文化多样性。

C1 adjective /mʌnˈdeɪn/

mundane

平凡

Meaning

lacking interest or excitement; dull and ordinary

Example

She tried to escape her mundane routine by traveling.

她试图通过旅行逃避她平凡的日常。

C1 noun /ˈprɒvɪdəns/

providence

神的眷顾

Meaning

the protective care of God or nature as a spiritual power; foresight or prudence

Example

They believed their survival was due to divine providence.

他们相信他们的生存归功于神的眷顾。

B2 noun /ˈmɔːr.nɪŋ/

Mourning

哀悼

Meaning

the expression of deep sorrow for someone who has died

Example

The family is in mourning for their grandmother.

家人为他们的祖母哀悼。

C2 verb /fɔːrˈboʊd/

forebode

预示

Meaning

To predict or have a strong inner feeling of a future misfortune or evil.

Example

Dark clouds forebode a coming storm.

乌云预示着即将到来的风暴。

A2 noun/verb /ˈbʌdʒɪt/

budget

预算

Meaning

An estimate of income and expenditure for a set period of time; to plan expenses and income.

Example

The family created a budget to manage their expenses.

家庭制定了预算来管理开支。

C2 noun /əˈbaɪdəns/

abidance

遵守

Meaning

the act of following, accepting, or complying with something

Example

Her abidance by the rules impressed the committee.

她遵守规则给委员会留下了深刻印象。

C1 adjective /ˌsaɪkoʊsəˈmætɪk/

psychosomatic

心理生理的

Meaning

Relating to a physical illness or condition caused or aggravated by mental factors such as stress.

Example

Her stomach pain was diagnosed as psychosomatic, linked to stress.

她的胃痛被诊断为心理生理性疾病，与压力有关。

C1 noun /mɪˈlɪʃə/

militia

民兵

Meaning

a group of ordinary people who are trained to act as soldiers in emergencies

Example

The village formed a militia to defend against attacks.

村庄组成了一支民兵，以防范攻击。

C1 noun /ˈmɜːrdʒər/

merger

合并

Meaning

The combination of two or more companies into a single entity.

Example

The merger of the two firms created the largest bank in the region.

这两家公司的合并创造了该地区最大的银行。

C1 adjective /ˈkwɑː.drʊ.pəl/

Quadruple

四倍的

Meaning

four times as much or as many; consisting of four parts

Example

The company's profits have shown quadruple growth this year.

公司的利润今年增长了四倍。

C1 adjective /əˈɡæst/

aghast

震惊

Meaning

filled with shock or horror

Example

The audience was aghast at the tragic scene.

观众对悲惨的场面感到震惊。

B1 adjective /ˈsʌm.wʌt/

Somewhat

有点; 稍微; 适度

Meaning

to some extent; rather; moderately

Example

The movie was somewhat interesting but not great.

这部电影有点有趣，但不太棒。

C1 adjective ˌkaʊntəprəˈdʌktɪv

counterproductive

适得其反

Meaning

Having the opposite of the desired effect; tending to hinder rather than help.

Example

Counterproductive activities often stem from dissatisfaction.

反生产力的活动通常来源于不满。

C1 noun /ˌædəˈreɪʃən/

adoration

崇拜 / 深厚的爱

Meaning

deep love and respect; worship

Example

The fans showed their adoration for the singer.

粉丝们展示了他们对歌手的崇拜。

C2 noun /ˌæs.əˈfet.ɪ.də/

Asafoetida

阿萨福提达

Meaning

a pungent spice derived from the resin of a plant, commonly used in Indian cooking

Example

A pinch of asafoetida adds a distinctive flavor to the lentil curry.

一撮阿萨福提达为扁豆咖喱增添了独特的风味。

C1 adjective /ˈfæn.sɪ.fəl/

fanciful

幻想的, 不现实的

Meaning

overimaginative, unrealistic, or whimsical

Example

The story was too fanciful to be true.

这个故事太幻想了，不可能是真的。

B2 adjective /sɔːr/

sore

酸痛

Meaning

painful or aching, usually in a specific part of the body

Example

After the long run, my legs were sore.

长跑后，我的腿很酸痛。

A2 verb /rɪˈplaɪ/

reply

Meaning

to give an answer; to respond

Example

She replies to emails quickly.

她快速回复电子邮件。

C2 adjective /ˈsed.j ə.l ə s/

Sedulous

勤奋的; 努力的;

Meaning

showing dedication and diligence; persistent and careful in work

Example

She was sedulous in her research, spending hours in the library every day.

她在研究中非常勤奋，每天都在图书馆度过数小时。

C1 adjective /ˈsɪm.jʊ.leɪ.tɪd/

simulated

模拟的

Meaning

Artificially created to look real but not actually real.

Example

The pilot trained in a simulated flight environment.

飞行员在模拟的飞行环境中训练。

C2 noun /lɔːˈdeɪʃən/

laudation

赞扬

Meaning

The act of praising or expressing approval.

Example

The poet received much laudation for his moving verses.

这位诗人因其感人的诗句而获得了许多赞扬。

C2 noun /ˌpærəˈnɔɪæk/

paranoiac

偏执的人

Meaning

A person who suffers from paranoia or exhibits extreme, irrational distrust and suspicion.

Example

The paranoiac refused to leave his house, fearing everyone was against him.

这个偏执的人拒绝离开家，因为他害怕每个人都反对他。

B1 noun /ˈsteɪtəs/

status

状态

Meaning

the social or professional position or condition of someone or something

Example

His social status improved after the promotion.

他的社会地位在晋升后得到了改善。

C1 noun /fɔːn/

Fawn

小鹿

Meaning

a young deer; a light yellowish-brown color

Example

The mother deer protects her fawn from predators.

母鹿保护她的小鹿免受掠食者的伤害。

C1 noun /ɪˈvæp.ər.ə.tɪv ˈkuː.lər/

Evaporative cooler

蒸发冷却器

Meaning

a cooling device that uses water evaporation to reduce air temperature

Example

The evaporative cooler works best in dry climates.

蒸发冷却器在干燥的气候中效果最好。

B1 adjective /ˈmɑːrvələs/

marvelous

精彩

Meaning

Causing great wonder or delight; extraordinary.

Example

She gave a marvelous performance on stage.

她在舞台上的表演非常精彩。

B2 noun /pæd/

pad

便签本

Meaning

a small cushion or block of soft material; also a set of sheets of paper fastened together

Example

He wrote her phone number on a yellow pad.

他把她的电话号码写在一个黄色的便签本上。

B2 noun /iˈkɒl.ə.dʒi/

ecology

生态学

Meaning

the study of how living things interact with each other and their environment

Example

Ecology helps us understand how pollution affects animals and plants.

生态学帮助我们理解污染如何影响动物和植物。

C1 verb /ˈbəʊl.stər/

bolster

增强

Meaning

To support or strengthen; to prop up.

Example

The new policy aims to bolster economic growth.

新政策旨在促进经济增长。

B2 noun /ˌek.spekˈteɪ.ʃən/

Expectation

期望; 希望;

Meaning

a strong belief that something will happen or be the case; anticipation

Example

The new teacher exceeded everyone's expectations with her innovative teaching methods.

新老师通过其创新的教学方法超越了所有人的期望。

C1 /ˈdʒɛtɪsən/

jettison

抛弃

Meaning

to throw or drop something from a ship, aircraft, or vehicle to lighten the load; to abandon something no longer wanted

Example

The crew had to jettison cargo to save the sinking ship.

船员们不得不抛弃货物，以挽救沉船。

C1 adjective /ˈaɪərnˌklæd/

ironclad

铁定的

Meaning

impossible to change, break, or dispute; very strong and firm

Example

The company had an ironclad contract with its suppliers.

公司与其供应商签订了铁定合同。

B2 noun /siːdʒ/

Sieze

围困

Meaning

a military operation to capture a place by surrounding it and cutting off supplies

Example

The siege of the castle lasted for three months.

城堡的围困持续了三个月。

C1 verb /ɪkˈstɔːrt/

extort

勒索

Meaning

to obtain something, especially money, by force, threats, or unfair means

Example

The gang attempted to extort money from local shopkeepers.

这个团伙试图从当地店主那里勒索钱财。

B2 noun /məˈkænɪks/

mechanics

力学

Meaning

the branch of physics concerned with the motion of objects and the forces acting on them; also refers to the practical details of how something works

Example

He studied the mechanics of the machine before fixing it.

在修理机器之前，他研究了这台机器的力学。

C2 adjective /hɜːrˈbeɪʃəs/

herbaceous

草本

Meaning

Relating to or resembling herbs; plants with soft, non-woody stems.

Example

The garden was filled with herbaceous plants that thrived in the summer.

花园里充满了草本植物，它们在夏季茁壮成长。

C1 adjective /ˌfɑːrˈfetʃt/

farfetched

不太可能或不太真实

Meaning

unlikely to happen or be true; improbable

Example

His explanation for being late sounded farfetched.

他解释迟到的理由听起来不可信。

C1 noun /ˈæptɪˌtjuːd/

aptitude

能力

Meaning

a natural ability or talent to do something well

Example

She has a strong aptitude for learning new languages.

她在学习新语言方面有很强的能力。

C1 verb /ɪˈnʌnsieɪt/

enunciate

清晰地发音

Meaning

to pronounce words clearly; to express an idea clearly

Example

The teacher asked him to enunciate each word.

老师让他清晰地发音每个单词。

C1 noun ˈkætəlɪst

catalyst

催化剂

Meaning

A person or thing that precipitates an event or change.

Example

His speech acted as a catalyst for change in the community.

他的演讲成为了社区变化的催化剂。

C2 adjective /ˌɪmpəˈmɪsəbl/

impermissible

不允许的

Meaning

Not permitted or allowed.

Example

Such behavior is impermissible in the workplace.

这种行为在工作场所是不允许的。

B2 noun /ˈpleɪˌɔːf/

playoff

决胜赛

Meaning

a series of games played to determine a champion among top teams

Example

The team qualified for the playoffs after a strong season.

该队在强劲的赛季后晋级季后赛。

C2 noun /ˈflæɡ ˌɒfɪsər/

flag-officer

旗官

Meaning

a senior naval officer entitled to fly a flag to mark the command

Example

The flag-officer reviewed the fleet before the ceremony.

旗官在仪式前检查了舰队。

B2 verb səˈpres

suppress

压制

Meaning

To forcibly put an end to; to restrain or subdue.

Example

Authorities must suppress criminal activities in campuses.

当局必须压制校园中的犯罪活动。

B1 adjective /ɪnˈkɝr.ɪ.dʒɪŋ/

Encouraging

鼓励的; 激励的

Meaning

giving support or confidence; inspiring; motivating

Example

The teacher's encouraging words motivated the students.

老师的鼓励性话语激励了学生。

C1 noun /ˌpiːdiˈætrɪks/

pediatrics

儿科学

Meaning

the branch of medicine dealing with the health and medical care of children

Example

She decided to specialize in pediatrics after medical school.

她决定在医学学校后专攻儿科学。

A2 noun /ˈɑːrtɪkl/

article

文章

Meaning

a piece of writing included in a newspaper, magazine, or journal

Example

He wrote an article about climate change.

他写了一篇关于气候变化的文章。

C1 verb əˈkruː

accrue

累积

Meaning

To accumulate or receive (payments or benefits) over time.

Example

Interest accrues on the savings account every month.

每个月储蓄账户上会积累利息。

A1 adverb /daʊn/

down

下

Meaning

from a higher to a lower position

Example

He walked down the stairs slowly.

他慢慢地走下楼梯。

C2 adjective ˈen.də.krɪn

endocrine

内分泌

Meaning

Relating to or denoting glands that secrete hormones directly into the blood.

Example

The endocrine system regulates metabolism and growth.

内分泌系统调节代谢和生长。

A1 verb /ɡet/

get

获得

Meaning

to obtain, receive, or acquire something

Example

I need to get some milk from the store.

我需要从商店拿些牛奶。

B2 noun /ˈædvəkəsi/

advocacy

倡导

Meaning

public support for or recommendation of a particular cause or policy

Example

Her advocacy for children's rights earned her international recognition.

她对儿童权利的倡导为她赢得了国际认可。

B2 noun /ˈtruːθ.fəl.nəs/

Truthfulness

诚实

Meaning

the quality of being truthful; honesty and accuracy in what one says or does

Example

Her truthfulness in the investigation helped solve the case quickly.

她在调查中的诚实帮助迅速解决了案件。

C1 noun /ˈsɒnɪt/

sonnet

十四行诗

Meaning

A poem of 14 lines using formal rhyme schemes, often about love.

Example

Shakespeare wrote many famous sonnets about love and beauty.

莎士比亚写了许多关于爱情与美丽的著名十四行诗。

B2 adjective /ˈfeɪθ.fəl/

Faithful

忠诚的; 忠实的; 可靠的

Meaning

loyal and committed; reliable; true to one's beliefs

Example

She remained faithful to her principles throughout her career.

她在整个职业生涯中始终忠诚于自己的原则。

B1 verb /peɪst/

paste

粘贴

Meaning

to stick something onto a surface using glue or adhesive

Example

I paste the picture into my scrapbook.

我把照片粘贴到我的剪贴簿里。

B2 noun trænˈzɪʃ.ən

transition

过渡

Meaning

The process or a period of changing from one state or condition to another.

Example

The transition from fossil fuels to renewables is vital.

从化石燃料到可再生能源的过渡至关重要。

C2 noun /ˈskʌl.i.ən/

scullion

厨房仆人

Meaning

a servant assigned the most menial kitchen tasks

Example

In medieval times, a scullion was responsible for cleaning pots and pans.

在中世纪，厨房仆人负责清洁锅碗和煎锅。

C1 noun /ˈlænd.slaɪd/

Landslide

山体滑坡

Meaning

a collapse of a mass of earth or rock from a mountain or cliff; an overwhelming victory in an election

Example

Heavy rains triggered a massive landslide that blocked the mountain highway.

暴雨引发了一场巨大的山体滑坡，堵塞了山路。

A2 verb /hɜːrt/

hurt

伤害

Meaning

to cause pain or injury; to feel pain physically or emotionally

Example

My back hurts from sitting too long.

我的背部因为坐得太久而疼痛。

C1 noun /ˌklɔːstrəˈfəʊbiə/

claustrophobia

Meaning

an extreme or irrational fear of being in confined spaces

Example

He avoids elevators because of his claustrophobia.

A2 noun /ɪkˈsaɪt.mənt/

Excitement

兴奋

Meaning

a feeling of great enthusiasm and eagerness

Example

The children could barely contain their excitement about the upcoming field trip.

孩子们几乎无法抑制他们对即将到来的学校旅行的兴奋。

A1 verb (first person singular of 'be') /æm/

am

我

Meaning

the first person singular present tense of 'be'

Example

I am happy today.

今天我很高兴。

B1 noun /ˈbɒksər/

boxer

拳击手; 平角内裤; 拳师犬

Meaning

a person who fights in the sport of boxing; a type of short loose-fitting underwear; a breed of medium-to-large dog

Example

The boxer trained hard every morning before the championship match.

那名拳击手在冠军赛前每天早上刻苦训练。

C2 verb /dɪsˈbɜːrs/

disburse

分配

Meaning

to pay out money, especially from a fund

Example

The organization will disburse the funds to the affected families.

该组织将把资金分配给受影响的家庭。

C1 adjective /ˈpɜːrtɪnənt/

pertinent

telemetry

遥测

Meaning

The process of recording and transmitting the readings of an instrument.

Example

The spacecraft transmitted telemetry data back to Earth.

航天器将遥测数据传回地球。

C2 adjective /rɪˈmiːdiəbl/

remediable

可修复的

Meaning

capable of being corrected or cured

Example

The mistake was serious but still remediable.

这个错误很严重，但仍然是可修复的。

C1 adjective /ˌnɒn ɪɡˈzɪstənt/

non-existent

不存在

Meaning

not real or not present; lacking existence

Example

The supposed evidence turned out to be non-existent.

假定的证据证明是不存在的。

A2 noun trʌst

trust

信任

Meaning

Firm belief in the reliability, truth, ability, or strength of someone or something; confidence placed in a person by making that person the nominal owner of property.

Example

Building trust is essential for long-term relationships.

建立信任对于长期关系至关重要。

C2 noun /ˈkɑr.mɪn/

Carmine

卡尔米红

Meaning

a vivid crimson color; a red pigment obtained from cochineal

Example

The artist mixed carmine with white to create a beautiful pink shade.

艺术家将卡尔米红与白色混合，创造出美丽的粉色调。

C1 noun /ˈdʒækˌfruːt/

Jackfruit

菠萝蜜

Meaning

a large tropical fruit with a spiky exterior and sweet flesh inside

Example

The jackfruit is the largest tree fruit in the world.

菠萝蜜是世界上最大的树果。

C2 adjective /ˌriːkruːˈdɛsənt/

recrudescent

重新爆发

Meaning

reviving or breaking out again after a period of abatement

Example

Recrudescent tensions threatened the fragile ceasefire.

重新爆发的紧张局势威胁到脆弱的停火协议。

A2 noun /ˈɔːdiəns/

audience

观众

Meaning

A group of people who gather to watch, listen to, or experience a performance, event, or broadcast.

Example

The audience clapped loudly after the performance.

表演结束后，观众热烈鼓掌。

C1 adjective /ˈneɪm.ləs/

Nameless

无名的; 匿名的; 不知名的; 未识别的

Meaning

having no name; anonymous; unknown; unidentified

Example

The nameless fear haunted him throughout the night.

无名的恐惧整晚困扰着他。

B1 verb /ˈkæri aʊt/

carry out

执行

Meaning

to perform or complete a task; to execute a plan

Example

The team carries out the project successfully.

团队成功执行了项目。

B2 verb /smæʃ/

smash

打破

Meaning

to break something into pieces violently

Example

She smashed the glass in frustration.

她因沮喪而摔碎了玻璃。

C1 noun /kəˈnɛəri/

canary

金丝雀

Meaning

a small, usually yellow bird known for its singing; also used as a warning sign in dangerous conditions

Example

The canary sang beautifully in its cage.

金丝雀在它的笼子里唱得非常动听。

B1 verb /rɪˈflekt/

reflect

反射

Meaning

to think deeply about; to mirror back light or image

Example

The mirror reflects her beautiful face.

镜子反射出她美丽的脸。

B2 verb /kənˈstreɪn/

constrain

限制

Meaning

to limit or restrict someone or something; to force or compel

Example

The new regulations constrain businesses from polluting the environment.

新规定限制企业不允许污染环境。

C1 noun /ɪnˈsɜːrdʒənt/

insurgent

起义者

Meaning

A person who rises in revolt against authority or government.

Example

The army arrested several insurgents after the attack.

军队在袭击后逮捕了几名起义者。

B1 adverb /ˈsædli/

sadly

悲伤地

Meaning

in a sorrowful or unhappy manner

Example

She sadly waved goodbye as the train departed.

火车开走时，她悲伤地挥手告别。

B2 adjective ˈkɒɡnɪtɪv

cognitive

认知的

Meaning

Related to mental processes of perception, memory, judgment, and reasoning.

Example

Cognitive functions improve with practice and learning.

认知功能通过练习和学习得到改善。

B1 noun /stiːl/

steel

钢铁

Meaning

a strong, hard metal made of iron and carbon

Example

The building was made from steel to ensure its durability.

建筑物是用钢铁建造的，以确保其耐久性。

C1 verb /ɡloʊt/

gloat

幸灾乐祸

Meaning

To take pleasure in someone else's misfortune or to show smug satisfaction.

Example

He couldn't help but gloat over his rival's failure.

他忍不住对竞争对手的失败感到幸灾乐祸。

C1 noun /pəˈθɒlədʒi/

pathology

病理学

Meaning

the scientific study of diseases, their causes, processes, and effects on the body

Example

Advances in pathology helped the doctors identify the rare infection quickly.

病理学的进展帮助医生迅速识别罕见的感染。

C1 adjective /kənˈstreɪnd/

constrained

受限的, 强迫的

Meaning

appearing forced, unnatural, or restricted

Example

He gave a constrained smile during the awkward meeting.

在尴尬的会议中，他露出了强迫的微笑。

C2 adjective /dɪˈmjʊər/

demure

矜持

Meaning

reserved, modest, and shy

Example

She gave him a demure smile.

她给了他一个矜持的微笑。

B2 noun /træŋˈkwɪl.ɪ.ti/

tranquillity

宁静

Meaning

the state of being calm, peaceful, and free from disturbance

Example

She enjoyed the tranquillity of the countryside after years in the city.

她在城市中待了多年后，享受乡村的宁静。

C2 noun /ˈpælɪˌnoʊd/

palinode

悔诗

Meaning

a poem or statement in which the writer retracts something said in an earlier work

Example

The poet wrote a palinode to apologize for his earlier harsh words.

诗人写了一首悔诗，为自己之前的尖锐言辞道歉。

B2 noun /ˈnek.taɪ/

Necktie

领带

Meaning

a strip of cloth worn around the neck under a shirt collar and tied in front

Example

He adjusted his necktie before the important meeting.

他在重要会议前调整了他的领带。

C1 noun /ˈpɜːrɡəˌtɔːri/

purgatory

Meaning

A place or state of suffering inhabited by the souls of sinners who are expiating their sins before going to heaven; a temporary condition of torment or suffering.

Example

After the accident, the long recovery felt like a kind of purgatory.

C2 adjective ˌnjʊəroʊˈkɒɡnɪtɪv

neurocognitive

神经认知

Meaning

Related to brain information processing and memory power

Example

Neurocognitive functions decline due to lack of sleep.

由于缺乏睡眠，神经认知功能下降。

C1 noun /ˈkriː.dəns/

credence

可信度, 信任

Meaning

belief in or acceptance of something as true

Example

The witness gave credence to the defendant's alibi.

证人给予被告的不在场证明可信度。

C2 noun /ˈrɛdʒɪsaɪd/

regicide

弑君

Meaning

the act of killing a king

Example

The conspirators were executed for committing regicide.

阴谋者因实施弑君而被处决。

B2 noun /ˈaʊt.laɪn/

Outline

大纲; 轮廓; 摘要

Meaning

a general description or plan showing the essential features of something; the main points

Example

The teacher provided an outline of the course syllabus.

老师提供了课程大纲。

C2 noun /ˈrɪp.lɪt/

ripplet

微小波纹

Meaning

a small or tiny ripple

Example

Tiny ripplets appeared on the lake as the fish moved.

当鱼移动时，湖面上出现了微小波纹。

C2 verb /dɪsˈtɛnd/

distend

膨胀

Meaning

to swell or expand by pressure from within

Example

Her stomach began to distend after the large meal.

她的肚子在大餐后开始膨胀。

B1 verb /daɪv/

dive

跳水

Meaning

to plunge headfirst into water or another substance

Example

He decided to dive into the pool on a hot day.

他决定在炎热的日子里跳进游泳池。

C2 verb /pərˈtɪkjələrˌaɪz/

particularize

具体说明

Meaning

to mention or describe something in detail

Example

The witness was asked to particularize the events of that night.

证人被要求详细叙述那个夜晚的事件。

C1 adjective /ˈstætʃətɔːri/

statutory

法定的

Meaning

Required, permitted, or enacted by law.

Example

The company must comply with all statutory regulations.

公司必须遵守所有法定规定。

C2 adjective /ˈfʊl.səm/

fulsome

过度的赞美

Meaning

Excessively flattering or insincere; abundant or generous in amount.

Example

He offered fulsome praise to his boss.

他给老板提供了过度的赞美。

C1 noun /ˌmænɪˈfɛstoʊ/

manifesto

宣言

Meaning

a public declaration of policy and aims, especially by a political party

Example

The party released its manifesto before the election.

政党在选举前发布了其宣言。

B2 adjective /ɡeɪ/

gay

同志

Meaning

sexually attracted to people of the same sex; also used to mean cheerful or lively

Example

He came out as gay during college.

他在大学期间公开了自己是同志。

B2 noun /ˈsɛm.iˌsɜːr.kəl/

semicircle

半圆

Meaning

Half of a circle or something shaped like half of a circle.

Example

The students sat in a semicircle around the teacher.

学生们围绕老师坐成半圆形。

C2 adjective /pɒnˈtɪfɪkəl/

pontifical

与教皇或主教相关的；浮夸的或自命不凡的

Meaning

relating to a pope or bishop; pompous or self-important

Example

His pontifical manner annoyed the other members of the committee.

他的傲慢态度让委员会的其他成员感到不悦。

B2 noun ˌrɛstəˈreɪʃən

restoration

修复

Meaning

The process of returning something to its former condition.

Example

The restoration of the forest began after decades of neglect.

森林的修复开始于数十年的忽视之后。

A1 adverb /ˈjuː.ʒu.ə.li/

Usually

通常; 一般

Meaning

in most cases; generally; as a rule

Example

I usually wake up at 7 AM every morning.

我通常每天早上7点起床。

B2 noun/verb /ˈslɔː.tər/

slaughter

屠杀 / 大规模谋杀

Meaning

the killing of animals for food; killing in large numbers violently

Example

The army slaughtered hundreds of enemy soldiers.

军队屠杀了数百名敌军士兵。

C2 verb /nɑːrl/

gnarl

扭曲

Meaning

To twist into a knotted or distorted form.

Example

The tree roots began to gnarl around the stones.

树根开始绕着石头扭曲。

C1 adjective /ˈstɪndʒi/

stingy

吝啬

Meaning

unwilling to spend or give; miserly

Example

He is too stingy to buy a gift for his friend.

他太吝啬了，连给朋友买礼物都不愿意。

C2 noun əˈlæk.rə.t̬i

alacrity

快速和愉快的准备

Meaning

Brisk and cheerful readiness.

Example

He accepted the challenge with alacrity.

他以 alacrity 接受了挑战。

B2 noun /diːd/

Deed

行为; 壮举; 法律文件;

Meaning

an action that is performed intentionally or consciously; a legal document showing ownership

Example

His heroic deed saved the child from drowning in the river.

他的英雄行为救了孩子免于在河里溺水。

C2 noun /kɪln/

kiln

窑炉

Meaning

a furnace or oven for burning, baking, or drying, especially one for firing pottery or bricks

Example

The potter placed the clay pots into the kiln for firing.

陶工将泥土罐放入窑炉中烧制。

A2 noun /ˈdɪfərəns/

difference

区别

Meaning

A point or way in which things are not the same.

Example

There is a big difference between theory and practice.

理论和实践之间有很大的区别。

B2 verb /rɪˈstrɪkt/

restrict

限制

Meaning

To limit the size, amount, or range of something.

Example

The government decided to restrict the use of plastic bags.

政府决定限制塑料袋的使用。

B2 adjective ˌkɒn.stɪˈtjuː.ʃən.əl

constitutional

宪法的

Meaning

Relating to an established set of principles governing a state; in accordance with a political constitution.

Example

Constitutional reforms ensure fairness in the system.

宪法改革确保系统中的公平性。