B2 noun
B2 verb /ɪnˈrɪtʃ/
enrich
Meaning
To improve or enhance the quality or value of something.
Example
Space exploration enriches human understanding.
C2 adjective /ˈviːnəl/
venal
Meaning
willing to do dishonest things in return for money; corrupt
Example
The politician was accused of being venal and corrupt.
C2 noun /ˌmɪsæprɪˈhɛnʃən/
misapprehension
Meaning
a mistaken belief or misunderstanding
Example
There is a common misapprehension about the causes of the disease.
A2 adverb /ˈnaɪsli/
nicely
Meaning
in a pleasant, kind, or satisfactory manner; carefully and appropriately
Example
She explained the problem nicely so everyone could understand.
C1 verb /ˌaʊtˈduː/
outdo
Meaning
To do better than someone else; to surpass.
Example
She always tries to outdo her classmates in exams.
B2 adjective; past participle /ˈɒnəd/
honoured
Meaning
treated with respect or distinction; feeling proud and privileged
Example
She felt deeply honoured to receive the award.
A2 noun /dʒɔɪ/
Joy
Meaning
a feeling of great pleasure and happiness; a person or thing that causes delight
Example
The children's laughter filled the house with joy during the holiday celebration.
B1 noun /ˈiː.tɪŋ ˈhæb.ɪts/
eating habits
Meaning
A person's usual pattern and preferences in food consumption.
Example
Developing good eating habits leads to better health.
C2 noun /ˈdʌblɪt/
doublet
Meaning
a close-fitting jacket worn by men in the Renaissance; also, a pair of similar things
Example
The actor wore a velvet doublet for the Shakespearean play.
B2 noun /θɔːn/
Thorn
Meaning
a sharp pointed part of a plant; something that causes pain or annoyance
Example
Be careful of the thorns on the rose bush.
C2 noun /ˈtʃælɪs/
chalice
Meaning
A large cup or goblet, typically used for drinking wine in religious ceremonies.
Example
The priest lifted the golden chalice during the ceremony.
C1 adjective /rɪˈdʌn.dənt/
redundant
Meaning
Not or no longer needed or useful; superfluous.
Example
The report contained redundant information.
C1 adjective /ˌɪmprɪˈsaɪs/
imprecise
Meaning
Not exact or accurate; vague.
Example
His explanation was too imprecise to be helpful.
C2 noun /ˈmeɪlstrəm/
maelstrom
Meaning
A powerful whirlpool in the sea or a situation of confused movement and turmoil.
Example
The ship was caught in a maelstrom of waves and wind.
C2 noun /lɔːŋ ˈpepər/
Long pepper
Meaning
a flowering vine in the family Piperaceae, cultivated for its fruit which is used as a spice
Example
Long pepper was more valuable than black pepper in ancient times.
B2 adjective /rɪˈzɜːrvd/
Reserved
Meaning
slow to reveal emotion or opinions; restrained in manner
Example
She is quite reserved and doesn't talk much in meetings.
B2 noun /dɪˈsep.ʃən/
Deception
Meaning
the action of deceiving someone; the state of being deceived
Example
The magician's deception amazed the audience with seemingly impossible tricks.
B2 adjective /ˈærəɡənt/
Arrogant
Meaning
having an exaggerated sense of one's importance; proud
Example
His arrogant behavior made him very unpopular.
A2 noun /ˈsæd.nəs/
Sadness
Meaning
feeling of sorrow, unhappiness, or grief
Example
Her sadness was evident after hearing the bad news.
C1 adjective /ˈtʃɛkərd/
chequered
Meaning
Having a pattern of squares, or marked by varied and contrasting experiences or periods.
Example
He had a chequered career with both great successes and failures.
B1 noun /ˈkriːtʃər/
creature
Meaning
A living being, especially an animal.
Example
The forest is full of strange creatures.
C1 verb /dɪˈfɔːrm/
deform
Meaning
to change the shape or form of something, especially in a way that makes it ugly or damaged; to distort
Example
The intense heat began to deform the plastic container.
C1 noun /mɒnˈtɑːʒ/
montage
Meaning
A sequence of film editing or a composite image made by combining several separate pictures.
Example
The film opened with a montage of city life.
C1 adjective /ˈsɛnʃuəl/
sensual
Meaning
Relating to or involving gratification of the senses and physical pleasure.
Example
The painting had a sensual quality that captivated viewers.
B2 noun /ˈhændlɪŋ/
handling
Meaning
the act of managing or dealing with something or someone
Example
His handling of the situation was impressive.
C1 adjective /ˌæl.truˈɪs.tɪk/
altruistic
Meaning
Showing a disinterested and selfless concern for the well-being of others.
Example
Her altruistic nature led her to volunteer for charities.
B2 adjective /dɪm/
Dim
Meaning
not bright; having little light; faint
Example
The room was dim with only a small candle for light.
C2 noun /priˈɛmpʃən/
preemption
Meaning
The act of taking action before someone else; the right to purchase or act before others.
Example
The company exercised preemption to acquire the land before competitors.
C1 noun rɪˌkuːpərˈeɪʃən
recuperation
Meaning
The process of gradually recovering from illness or fatigue
Example
Rest is essential for recuperation after illness.
B2 adjective ɪnˈdɪdʒɪnəs
indigenous
Meaning
Originating or occurring naturally in a particular place; native.
Example
Indigenous plants are well adapted to the local environment.
A1 verb /kliːn/
clean
Meaning
To make something free from dirt, marks, or mess.
Example
She cleaned the kitchen before the guests arrived.
B1 verb /pərˈmɪt/
permit
Meaning
to allow or give permission; to make possible
Example
The teacher permits students to use calculators during the exam.
C1 verb /daʊs/
douse
Meaning
to pour liquid over; to extinguish a fire or light
Example
Firefighters doused the flames with water.
C2 noun /mɪlk raɪs/
Milk rice
Meaning
A sweet dessert made from rice cooked with milk and sugar
Example
My grandmother makes delicious milk rice for special occasions.
B2 noun /dɪˈpen.dəns/
Dependence
Meaning
the state of relying on or needing someone or something for support; addiction
Example
His dependence on technology made it difficult for him to work without internet.
A2 verb /stʌk/
stuck
Meaning
unable to move; fixed in one position; unable to continue
Example
The door is stuck and won't open.
C1 verb dɪˈsaɪ.fɚ
decipher
Meaning
To convert something written in code into normal language; to succeed in understanding the meaning of something.
Example
It took hours to decipher the ancient script.
B2 noun /ˌɒpəˈzɪʃən/
opposition
Meaning
the action of opposing or resisting something
Example
The opposition to the new law was strong.
C2 noun /ˈʌŋkʃən/
unction
Meaning
The act of anointing as part of a religious or ceremonial ritual; excessive or insincere flattery.
Example
The priest performed the holy unction with solemnity.
C2 verb /voʊˈsɪfəˌreɪt/
vociferate
Meaning
to shout, complain, or argue loudly or vehemently
Example
The protesters vociferated against the unfair law.
A1 noun /ˈkæm.rə/
camera
Meaning
a device used for taking photographs or recording videos
Example
She bought a new camera for her photography class.
B2 verb /ɪnˈheɪl/
inhale
Meaning
to breathe in; to draw air into the lungs
Example
Take a deep breath and inhale slowly.
C2 adjective /dɪˈrɒɡətɪv/
derogative
Meaning
Expressing a low opinion or showing lack of respect.
Example
He made a derogative remark about her work.
B2 verb /flɪp/
flip
Meaning
to turn over quickly or suddenly; to toss lightly
Example
She flipped the pancake in the pan.
B1 verb /peɪst/
paste
Meaning
to stick something onto a surface using glue or adhesive
Example
I paste the picture into my scrapbook.
C1 adjective /kwɪər/
Queer
Meaning
strange; unusual; peculiar; odd
Example
The old house had a queer atmosphere that made visitors uncomfortable.
C1 verb /məˈruːn/
maroon
Meaning
to leave someone trapped and isolated, especially on an island
Example
The sailors were marooned on a deserted island.
C1 adjective /ˈflʌstərd/
flustered
Meaning
in a state of confusion or agitation
Example
She appeared flustered after being asked so many questions.
C2 adjective /aɪˈdɒlətrəs/
idolatrous
Meaning
Excessively admiring or worshipping someone or something as an idol.
Example
The king was criticized for his idolatrous devotion to wealth.
C1 noun ˌfiː.zəˈbɪl.ə.ti
feasibility
Meaning
The state or degree of being easily or conveniently done; possibility.
Example
The company conducted a feasibility study before launching the project.
B2 noun /ˈfɛə(r)nɪs/
fairness
Meaning
the quality of being free from bias, favoritism, or injustice
Example
She always strives for fairness in her decisions.
C2 verb /ˈek.stər.peɪt/
extirpate
Meaning
to completely remove or destroy something unwanted
Example
The government launched a program to extirpate corruption from public offices.
C2 noun /juː/
Ewe
Meaning
a female sheep
Example
The ewe gave birth to twin lambs.
C1 adjective /ˈdesələt/
Desolate
Meaning
deserted; lonely; barren
Example
The abandoned village looked desolate and empty.
C1 adjective /ɪmˈprɒmp.tjuː/
impromptu
Meaning
Done without being planned, organized, or rehearsed; spontaneous.
Example
He gave an impromptu speech at the event.
B2 adjective /ˈpəʊstwɔːr/
postwar
Meaning
occurring or existing after a war
Example
The postwar period saw significant economic growth.
C1 verb /ˈfɔːrfɪt/
forfeit
Meaning
to lose or give up something, usually as a penalty for wrongdoing
Example
He had to forfeit the match after breaking the rules.
C2 noun /əˈpɜːrtənənsɪz/
appurtenances
Meaning
Additional items or accessories associated with something, often used in a legal or property context.
Example
The house was sold along with all its appurtenances, including the garage and garden.
C2 noun /ˈpɔːpərɪzəm/
pauperism
Meaning
The state of being extremely poor.
Example
The country struggled with rising pauperism in the 19th century.
C2 noun /ˌdɪsrɪˈpjuːt/
disrepute
Meaning
the state of being held in low esteem or having a bad reputation
Example
The scandal brought the politician into disrepute.
C1 verb /ˈbɒɡəl/
boggle
Meaning
to overwhelm or confuse; to be astonished or puzzled by something
Example
The complexity of the puzzle boggled his mind.
C2 noun /ɪkˈspiːdiənsi/
expediency
Meaning
the quality of being convenient and practical despite possibly being improper or immoral
Example
He acted out of political expediency rather than principle.
C2 noun /ˈterəpɪn/
terrapin
Meaning
a small freshwater turtle, especially one found in North America
Example
The terrapin slowly crawled into the pond.
B2 noun /flɔː/
flaw
Meaning
a defect or imperfection in something
Example
The diamond had a small flaw that was barely visible.
A2 adverb /ˈriː.sənt.li/
Recently
Meaning
in the recent past; not long ago
Example
I recently moved to a new apartment.
B2 verb ˈɪmplɪment
implement
Meaning
To put a decision or plan into effect; to execute or apply.
Example
Implementing educational policies is essential for progress.
A2 noun /prəˈdʌkʃən/
production
Meaning
the process of manufacturing or creating something
Example
The production of this film took over a year.
C1 adverb /ˈkrɒswaɪz/
Crosswise
Meaning
in the form of a cross; diagonally across
Example
Place the logs crosswise to build a stable fire.
C2 verb /məʊlt/
molt
Meaning
To shed old feathers, skin, or hair to make way for new growth.
Example
Birds molt their feathers once a year.
C1 adjective prəˈtræk.tɪd
protracted
Meaning
Lasting for a long time or longer than expected or usual.
Example
The negotiations were protracted over months.
C1 verb /ˈsaɪdˌstɛp/
sidestep
Meaning
To avoid something by stepping aside; to evade a problem or question indirectly.
Example
The politician tried to sidestep the difficult question.
C1 adjective ɪnˈdel.ə.bəl
indelible
Meaning
Making marks that cannot be removed; impossible to forget or remove.
Example
Her speech left an indelible mark on the audience.
A2 adjective /ˈmeɪdʒər/
major
Meaning
important, serious, or significant
Example
Climate change is a major concern for the world.
C1 noun /ræθ/
Wrath
Meaning
extreme anger; intense fury or indignation
Example
His wrath was terrible to behold.
C1 adjective /bəˈnɑːl/ or /ˈbeɪnəl/
banal
Meaning
Lacking originality; boringly obvious and commonplace.
Example
His speech was full of banal clichés.
B2 noun ˈmaɪnd.set
mindset
Meaning
The established set of attitudes held by someone.
Example
A growth mindset helps individuals embrace challenges.
C1 noun, verb /ˈmæn.deɪt/
mandate
Meaning
an official order or command; to give someone authority to act in a certain way
Example
The government issued a mandate to reduce carbon emissions.
A2 noun /ˈsoʊ.fə/
Sofa
Meaning
a long upholstered seat for more than one person
Example
The family gathered on the sofa to watch TV.
A1 pronoun /ˈɛnɪθɪŋ/
anything
Meaning
any object, event, or matter; whatever thing
Example
You can ask me anything about the project.
B2 noun /ˈkwɔː.tərz/
Quarters
Meaning
living accommodation; lodgings; military housing
Example
The soldiers returned to their quarters after the training exercise.
C1 verb /kɑːrp/
carp
Meaning
to complain or find fault continually, often about trivial matters
Example
She tends to carp about the smallest inconveniences.
C1 noun /tækt/
tact
Meaning
Adroitness and sensitivity in dealing with others or with difficult issues.
Example
He handled the situation with tact and professionalism.
C1 adjective /tɔːt/
taut
Meaning
stretched or pulled tight; tense
Example
The rope was pulled taut between the two poles.
C1 adjective /ˈplæsɪd/
placid
Meaning
calm and peaceful, not easily disturbed
Example
She had a placid expression despite the chaos around her.
C2 noun /ˌsuː.pɚˈfluː.ə.t̬i/
superfluity
Meaning
An excessive amount of something; more than what is needed.
Example
The room was filled with a superfluity of decorations.
C1 noun əˌsɪm.ɪˈleɪ.ʃən
Assimilation
Meaning
Connecting new information with existing knowledge
Example
Proper assimilation of knowledge leads to effective learning.
C1 adjective ˈsɪŋ.krə.nəs
synchronous
Meaning
Existing or occurring at the same time.
Example
Synchronous learning involves live online classes.
C1 adjective ˈfjuː.taɪl
futile
Meaning
Incapable of producing any useful result; pointless.
Example
His attempts to change the situation were futile.
B2 noun /ˈsuːpəvaɪzə(r)/
supervisor
Meaning
a person who manages or directs the work of others
Example
The supervisor checked the progress of each employee.
C1 adjective sɪˈlɛstʃəl
celestial
Meaning
Positioned in or relating to the sky, or outer space as observed in astronomy.
Example
The celestial bodies in the sky were clearly visible last night.
C1 verb /pɑːrs/
parse
Meaning
to analyze a sentence or text grammatically or logically
Example
The software can parse large amounts of text data efficiently.
C2 noun /ˈhɒthɛd/
hothead
Meaning
a person who acts quickly and without thinking when angry
Example
He is such a hothead that he often starts arguments.
C1 adjective /kəˈlæpsəbl̩/
collapsible
Meaning
able to be folded down or reduced in size
Example
She bought a collapsible chair for camping.
C2 adjective /ˈmiːliˌmaʊðd/
mealymouthed
Meaning
not willing to speak directly and honestly; evasive in speech
Example
The politician gave a mealymouthed response to the tough question.
C1 noun ˌɒk.sɪˈdeɪ.ʃən
oxidation
Meaning
A chemical reaction that involves the combination of a substance with oxygen, often causing deterioration.
Example
Oxidation causes metal surfaces to weaken.
C1 noun ˈpɜː.mə.kʌl.tʃər
permaculture
Meaning
The development of agricultural ecosystems intended to be sustainable and self-sufficient.
Example
Permaculture promotes self-sufficient farming systems.
C1 noun /ˈkɜːr.i liːvz/
Curry Leaves
Meaning
aromatic leaves from the curry tree used in South Asian cooking
Example
Fresh curry leaves add authentic flavor to Indian dishes.
C1 noun /pɪˌdɛs.tri.ə.naɪˈzeɪ.ʃən/
pedestrianization
Meaning
Making areas pedestrian-friendly, closing any area to vehicle traffic and making it open only for pedestrians.
Example
The pedestrianization of city centers reduces pollution.
C2 noun /ˈɛpənɪm/
eponym
Meaning
A person after whom a discovery, invention, place, or other thing is named.
Example
Sandwich is an eponym named after the Earl of Sandwich.
C1 verb /ˈslɪðər/
slither
Meaning
to move smoothly over a surface with a twisting, sliding motion, like a snake
Example
The snake slithered through the grass.
C1 adjective /ˈroʊ.ɡɪʃ/
Roguish
Meaning
mischievous; playfully dishonest
Example
His roguish smile suggested he was up to some mischief.
B2 noun /ˈtɛnənsi/
tenancy
Meaning
The possession or occupation of land or property as a tenant.
Example
The tenancy agreement was signed for two years.
C1 verb /ɪˈnʌnsieɪt/
enunciate
Meaning
to pronounce words clearly; to express an idea clearly
Example
The teacher asked him to enunciate each word.
B1 adjective /ɪˈnɪʃəl/
initial
Meaning
Existing or occurring at the beginning.
Example
Her initial reaction was one of surprise.
C1 adjective /ɪˈræʃənəl/
irrational
Meaning
not logical or reasonable; lacking clear thought
Example
His fear of the dark was completely irrational.
B2 verb /ˈpɪnpɔɪnt/
pinpoint
Meaning
to locate or identify something with precision
Example
The detective was able to pinpoint the exact location of the suspect.
B2 adjective /ˈkʌnɪŋ/
cunning
Meaning
Having or showing skill in achieving one's ends by deceit or evasion; cleverness in a tricky way.
Example
The cunning fox tricked the farmer.
C1 noun /ˈɑːdəsi/
odyssey
Meaning
a long, adventurous journey; a series of experiences
Example
Her career has been an odyssey of challenges and achievements.
B1 noun /ˈstætʃuː/
Statue
Meaning
a three-dimensional work of art, typically made of stone, metal, or wood
Example
The statue of liberty is a famous landmark in New York.
C2 noun /ˈhɑːtʃ.pɑːtʃ/
Hotchpotch
Meaning
a confused mixture; a jumbled assortment of things
Example
The room was a hotchpotch of old furniture, books, and random decorations.
B2 noun /dɪˈpreʃ.ən/
Depression
Meaning
a mental health condition characterized by persistent sadness; a severe economic downturn
Example
The therapist helped her cope with depression through cognitive behavioral therapy.
C1 adjective /ˈpɒs.tʃə.məs/
Posthumous
Meaning
occurring or continuing after death; published after the author's death
Example
The author received a posthumous award for his last novel.
C2 verb /ˈræpsəˌdaɪz/
rhapsodize
Meaning
to speak or write with great enthusiasm and admiration
Example
He would often rhapsodize about his travels to Europe.
C1 verb /prɪˈzaɪd/
preside
Meaning
to be in charge of a meeting, event, or organization
Example
She will preside over the meeting tomorrow.
C2 verb /ˈæpɪtaɪz/
appetize
Meaning
to stimulate the appetite; to make someone eager or interested
Example
The aroma of fresh bread will appetize the guests before dinner.
C2 adjective /ˈɒsiəs/
osseous
Meaning
consisting of or turned into bone; bony
Example
The fossil showed osseous structures of the ancient creature.
C1 adjective /ˈseɪlaɪn/
Saline
Meaning
containing salt; salty; relating to salt water
Example
The saline solution is used for medical treatments.
C2 verb /ˈɛnərˌveɪt/
enervate
Meaning
To weaken or drain someone of strength or vitality.
Example
The long hours of work enervated him.
B1 noun /ˌkɒmpəˈzɪʃən/
composition
Meaning
the act of creating a piece of writing, music, or art; the way parts are arranged
Example
Her composition won first prize in the contest.
B1 adverb /əˈperəntli/
Apparently
Meaning
seemingly; as far as one knows or can see; clearly; evidently
Example
Apparently, the meeting has been postponed to next week.