B1 noun
C1 adjective /səˈdɪs.tɪk/
sadistic
Meaning
Deriving pleasure from inflicting pain or suffering on others.
Example
The villain had a sadistic smile while hurting his enemies.
A2 noun /kəˈlek.ʃən/
Collection
Meaning
a group of objects gathered together; the action or process of collecting
Example
She has an impressive collection of vintage books in her library.
B2 noun smɔːl ˈɛfərt
Small Effort
Meaning
Minor actions or initiatives that can collectively make a significant impact.
Example
Small efforts can bring big changes in butterfly conservation.
B1 adverb /ɪˈnɪʃəli/
initially
Meaning
At the beginning; at first.
Example
Initially, he refused the offer but later accepted it.
B2 noun /kəmˈpɑːrt.mənt/
Compartment
Meaning
a separate section or division of a larger space, especially in a train
Example
We found seats in the first-class compartment.
C1 noun ˈɛksəʊˌplænɪt
exoplanet
Meaning
A planet that orbits a star outside the solar system.
Example
Astronomers have discovered thousands of exoplanets in the last decade.
A1 noun /sɔːŋ/
song
Meaning
a short piece of music with words that are sung
Example
She sang a beautiful song at the concert.
C2 verb /fɪltʃ/
filch
Meaning
to steal something in a sneaky or petty way
Example
He tried to filch a candy bar from the shop.
B2 noun/verb /ɡʌt/
gut
Meaning
The stomach or belly; also used for courage, instinct, or to remove the inside of something.
Example
He had the guts to stand up for his beliefs.
A1 verb /ˈɡroʊ.ɪŋ/
growing
Meaning
continuously increasing or developing
Example
There is a growing demand for renewable energy.
B2 noun /ˈproʊtəˌtaɪp/
prototype
Meaning
The first model or version of something, used as a sample for testing or improvement.
Example
The company built a prototype of the new smartphone before mass production.
B2 adverb /ˈflu:əntli/
Fluently
Meaning
in a smooth, effortless, and articulate manner; with ease and skill
Example
She speaks French fluently.
B1 noun /əˌkɒm.əˈdeɪ.ʃənz/
accommodations
Meaning
Lodging; room and board; places to stay.
Example
The students had proper accommodations.
A2 adverb /ɪnˈstɛd/
instead
Meaning
As an alternative or substitute.
Example
She didn’t buy the dress; instead, she chose a pair of shoes.
B2 verb /ˌdaɪəɡˈnoʊz/
diagnose
Meaning
To identify a disease, condition, or problem by examining symptoms.
Example
The doctor diagnosed him with pneumonia.
B2 noun /dɪsˈɔːrdər/
disorder
Meaning
A state of confusion or lack of order; also a medical or mental condition.
Example
The protest ended in disorder when the crowd became violent.
A1 noun /ˈɡrændˌfɑːðər/
grandfather
Meaning
the father of one's father or mother
Example
My grandfather tells us stories every evening.
B2 noun /ˌdɛm.əˈɡræf.ɪks/
Demographics
Meaning
Statistical data relating to the population and particular groups within it.
Example
Demographics help in targeted advertising.
A2 noun /ˈæktrəs/
actress
Meaning
a female performer in plays, movies, or television
Example
The actress looked stunning on the red carpet.
B2 adjective /kræmpt/
cramped
Meaning
uncomfortably small or restricted
Example
The room was so cramped that we could barely move.
B1 noun ɪˈkɒnəmiːz
economies
Meaning
The wealth and resources of a country or region.
Example
Emerging economies have been growing rapidly over the past decade.
C2 adjective /ˈtɔːrpɪd/
torpid
Meaning
Mentally or physically inactive; sluggish or lethargic.
Example
After the long hike, he felt torpid and unmotivated.
C1 noun /ˈprɒv.ɜːb/
Proverb
Meaning
a short saying that expresses a general truth or gives advice
Example
The proverb 'Early to bed, early to rise' teaches us about good habits.
A2 noun /ˈpɜːpəs/
purpose
Meaning
the reason for which something is done or created
Example
The purpose of this meeting is to discuss the new project.
C1 adjective /ˈniːd.ləs/
Needless
Meaning
unnecessary; not required; without purpose
Example
The argument was needless and could have been avoided.
C2 adjective /ˈsætərˌnaɪn/
saturnine
Meaning
slow and gloomy in mood
Example
His saturnine expression made everyone in the room uncomfortable.
C2 noun /ˈʃæd.ək/
Shaddock
Meaning
a large citrus fruit similar to grapefruit; pomelo
Example
The shaddock is the largest citrus fruit in the world.
B2 adjective ɪkˈsplɪsɪt
explicit
Meaning
Stated clearly and in detail, leaving no room for confusion or doubt.
Example
The instructions were explicit, leaving no room for confusion.
C1 adjective /ˈɒptɪk/
optic
Meaning
Relating to the eye or vision.
Example
The optic nerve carries signals from the eye to the brain.
C1 adjective /ˈkɔːʃənˌɛri/
cautionary
Meaning
serving as a warning; intended to prevent problems or mistakes by giving advice or examples
Example
The report offers a cautionary message about unchecked spending.
B1 noun /ˌɒp.əˈtjuː.nə.ti/
opportunity
Meaning
A favorable chance or set of circumstances that makes it possible to do something.
Example
She seized the opportunity to study abroad.
B2 noun /stæns/
stance
Meaning
a person's attitude, opinion, or position on an issue
Example
The company took a strong stance on environmental protection.
B2 adjective /ˈɡɪf.tɪd/
Gifted
Meaning
having exceptional talent or ability; talented;
Example
She is a gifted musician who plays multiple instruments.
B2 noun /mæt/
Mat
Meaning
a piece of coarse material placed on a floor for people to wipe their feet on
Example
Please wipe your feet on the mat before entering.
C1 adjective /ˌæl.ɡəˈrɪð.mɪk/
algorithmic
Meaning
Based on or using algorithms; relating to mathematical rules or procedures.
Example
Algorithmic processes power artificial intelligence systems.
C1 noun /dʒest/
Jest
Meaning
a thing said or done for amusement; a joke
Example
His comment was made in jest, not to offend anyone.
C2 verb /dɪsˈkʌmfɪt/
discomfit
Meaning
to make someone feel uneasy, embarrassed, or confused
Example
The interviewer’s tough questions discomfited the candidate.
A2 adjective /ˌjʊərəˈpiːən/
european
Meaning
Relating to Europe or its people.
Example
She studied European history at university.
B1 verb /kəˈmænd/
command
Meaning
to give an order authoritatively; to control or direct
Example
The general commanded the soldiers to move forward.
C2 noun /ˈʃʊərəti/
surety
Meaning
a person who takes responsibility for another's performance of an undertaking, such as appearing in court or paying a debt
Example
The landlord required a surety before renting the apartment.
C1 noun /maɪt/
mite
Meaning
a very small creature, often a tiny arachnid; also used to mean a very small amount
Example
The mattress was infested with dust mites.
C1 noun səˌsɛp.təˈbɪl.ə.ti
susceptibility
Meaning
The quality of being likely to be influenced or harmed by a particular thing; vulnerability.
Example
High susceptibility to infections requires extra care.
C2 noun /aɪˈoʊtə/
iota
Meaning
An extremely small amount.
Example
He did not show an iota of fear.
C2 noun /ˈɡloʊmɪŋ/
gloaming
Meaning
The time of day after the sun has set and before it is completely dark; twilight.
Example
We walked home together in the quiet gloaming.
C2 adjective /ˈʌŋk.tʃu.əs/
unctuous
Meaning
Excessively flattering or ingratiating; oily in texture.
Example
His unctuous tone made everyone uncomfortable.
C1 noun /ˈstɛnsəl/
stencil
Meaning
A thin sheet of material with a design cut out, used to produce the design on the surface below by applying paint or ink through the cut-out holes.
Example
The artist used a stencil to paint identical stars on the wall.
C2 adjective /kənˈvɪviəl/
convivial
Meaning
friendly, lively, and enjoyable; sociable
Example
The party had a convivial atmosphere with music and laughter.
B2 verb /dɪˈstrækt/
distract
Meaning
to take someone's attention away from what they are doing or focusing on
Example
The loud noise distracted her during the exam.
C1 verb /ˌdɪsɪnˈtæŋɡl/
disentangle
Meaning
To free something or someone from a tangle or complication.
Example
She tried to disentangle her hair from the branches.
C2 noun /mɪˈsænθrəpi/
misanthropy
Meaning
a general dislike, distrust, or hatred of humankind
Example
His misanthropy was evident in the way he avoided people.
B2 verb, noun /ɪnˈdevər/
endeavour
Meaning
To try hard to achieve something; an attempt or effort
Example
She endeavoured to finish the project on time.
C2 adjective /ɒmˈnɪp.ə.tənt/
omnipotent
Meaning
Having unlimited power; able to do anything; all-powerful.
Example
In many religions, God is considered omnipotent.
C2 noun /ˈtaɪroʊ/
tyro
Meaning
A beginner or novice in a field or activity.
Example
As a tyro in programming, she needed constant guidance.
B1 noun /ˈvæk.siːn/
Vaccine
Meaning
a substance that is put into the body to prevent a disease
Example
The COVID-19 vaccine has helped reduce severe illness.
B2 noun /ˈpɪm.pəl/
Pimple
Meaning
a small, inflamed elevation of the skin; a spot on the skin, especially on the face
Example
She was embarrassed about the pimple on her forehead.
B2 adjective /ˈfʌsi/
fussy
Meaning
hard to please; very concerned with details
Example
The child is very fussy about what she eats.
C1 noun /ˌtæm.bəˈriːn/
Tambourine
Meaning
a small drum with metal discs around the edge that jingle when shaken or hit
Example
She shook the tambourine to the rhythm of the music.
A1 noun /tɒp/
top
Meaning
the highest or uppermost point, part, or surface of something
Example
The book is on the top shelf.
B2 noun /ˈælkəhɒlɪzəm/
alcoholism
Meaning
A chronic disease characterized by uncontrolled drinking and preoccupation with alcohol.
Example
His alcoholism affected both his health and his family life.
B2 noun /ˈmes.ɪn.dʒər/
Messenger
Meaning
a person who carries messages or communications between parties
Example
The messenger delivered important battle plans to the commander.
C1 adverb /ˈeɪ.mi.ə.bli/
Amiably
Meaning
in a friendly and pleasant manner
Example
They discussed the issue amiably without any arguments.
B2 noun ˈpɛs.tɪ.saɪdz
pesticides
Meaning
Substances used for destroying insects or other organisms harmful to cultivated plants or to animals.
Example
Excessive pesticides use can harm the environment.
B1 verb /ˈsætɪsfaɪ/
satisfy
Meaning
to fulfill the desires, expectations, or needs of someone; to make content
Example
The delicious meal satisfied our hunger completely.
C2 adjective /ˈfɛtɪd/
fetid
Meaning
having a strong, unpleasant smell
Example
The fetid smell from the garbage was unbearable.
C2 noun /ˌɑːbdʒərˈɡeɪʃən/
objurgation
Meaning
a harsh scolding or strong rebuke
Example
His misconduct earned him a severe objurgation from the manager.
C1 adjective /ˈsæk.rəˌsæŋkt/
sacrosanct
Meaning
Regarded as too important or valuable to be interfered with; sacred.
Example
Freedom of speech is considered sacrosanct in democratic societies.
B1 noun /pɑrˈtɪs.ə.pənt/
Participant
Meaning
a person who takes part in something; someone who participates in an activity or event
Example
Every participant in the marathon received a medal.
B1 adverb /prɪˈsaɪs.li/
precisely
Meaning
In an exact and accurate manner, with attention to detail.
Example
The robotic arm performed the operation precisely.
B1 verb /ʃuːt/
shoot
Meaning
to fire a bullet or arrow from a weapon; to take a photograph or film
Example
He learned how to shoot a bow and arrow.
C1 noun /pəˈzɛsər/
possessor
Meaning
A person who owns or holds something.
Example
The possessor of the land built a new house.
B2 noun /ˈdʒʊəri/
jury
Meaning
a group of people sworn to give a verdict in a legal case based on the evidence
Example
The jury found him guilty of the crime.
B2 verb /ˈkæt.ɪ.ɡə.raɪzd/
categorized
Meaning
Placed in a particular class or group.
Example
The city was categorized as highly polluted.
B1 verb প্রিভেন্টস
prevents
Meaning
To stop something from happening or arising.
Example
Bangladesh's warm climate prevents snowfall.
C2 verb /pərˈtɪkjələrˌaɪz/
particularize
Meaning
to mention or describe something in detail
Example
The witness was asked to particularize the events of that night.
C1 verb /ˌriːɪmˈbɜːrs/
reimburse
Meaning
to pay back money to someone who has spent it or lost it
Example
The company reimbursed him for travel expenses.
C2 verb /ˈfʊl.mɪ.neɪt/
fulminate
Meaning
To express strong protest or criticism loudly and forcefully; to explode violently.
Example
The politician began to fulminate against corruption.
C2 verb /sɪˈkwɛstreɪt/
sequestrate
Meaning
To take legal possession of assets until a debt is paid or disputes are resolved.
Example
The court decided to sequestrate the company's property.
B2 noun /fleʃ/
Flesh
Meaning
the soft substance consisting of muscle and fat that is found between the skin and bones
Example
The doctor examined the wound to check if it had penetrated the flesh.
B2 noun /ˈheɪ.trəd/
Hatred
Meaning
intense dislike or ill will; a feeling of strong aversion
Example
His hatred for injustice motivated him to become a human rights lawyer.
C1 noun /ˈmɒnəˌlɒɡ/
monologue
Meaning
A long speech by one person, often in a play or performance.
Example
The actor delivered a powerful monologue on stage.
B2 adjective /ɪɡˈzɔː.stɪd/
exhausted
Meaning
Extremely tired; having no energy left.
Example
Feeling exhausted after waking up is common.
C2 verb /məˈmɔːriəlaɪz/
memorialize
Meaning
to preserve the memory of a person or event, often through a ceremony, monument, or record
Example
The city decided to memorialize the hero with a statue in the central square.
C2 noun /ˈmɪlɪt/
millet
Meaning
a small-seeded grass cultivated as a cereal crop
Example
Millet is often used as food in rural areas.
C1 phrase ˌhjuː.məˈnɪt.ər.i.kəˈtæs.trə.fi
humanitarian catastrophe
Meaning
A widespread disaster affecting human life, health, and well-being on a large scale.
Example
The war created a humanitarian catastrophe.
B2 verb /ˈskrɪbəl/
scribble
Meaning
to write or draw carelessly or quickly
Example
The child scribbled all over the wall.
A2 noun /ɡest/
Guest
Meaning
a person who is invited to visit someone's home or attend a particular social occasion
Example
We invited several guests to our wedding celebration last weekend.
B2 noun /dɪsˈmeɪ/
Dismay
Meaning
concern and distress caused by something unexpected; consternation or alarm
Example
To our dismay, the concert was cancelled due to severe weather conditions.
C2 noun /ˈhʌk.stər/
huckster
Meaning
A person who sells small items aggressively, often in a showy or dishonest way.
Example
The huckster loudly promoted his goods in the busy marketplace.
C2 noun /ˈkæm.fər/
Camphor
Meaning
a white crystalline substance with a strong aromatic smell, used in medicine and religious ceremonies
Example
The temple was filled with the fragrant smoke of burning camphor.
C1 verb /diːˈkoʊd/
decode
Meaning
to convert a coded message into a readable form; to interpret meaning
Example
The software can decode the hidden message within seconds.
B2 adjective prɪˈlɪm.ɪ.nər.i
preliminary
Meaning
Denoting an action or event preceding or done in preparation for something fuller or more important.
Example
Preliminary steps are crucial before the main project.
B2 noun /ˈskɛlɪtən/
skeleton
Meaning
The internal framework of bones that supports the body of a human or animal.
Example
The teacher showed the students a human skeleton in the biology class.
B1 noun, verb /ˈbʊli/
bully
Meaning
A person who habitually seeks to harm or intimidate those weaker; to intimidate or mistreat someone weaker.
Example
The teacher stopped the older boy from trying to bully his classmates.
C1 noun /ˈfɔːreɪ/
foray
Meaning
A sudden short attack or attempt, especially into new activity or territory.
Example
The company made its first foray into the international market.
C2 noun /ˈsɪniæst/
cineast
Meaning
A film enthusiast or filmmaker; a person deeply interested in cinema.
Example
As a true cineast, she spends most weekends watching classic films.
C1 adjective /ˈretʃɪd/
Wretched
Meaning
very unhappy; miserable; of poor quality
Example
The refugees lived in wretched conditions.
B1 noun /ˈpʌblɪʃɪŋ/
publishing
Meaning
the business or activity of preparing and issuing books, journals, or other material for sale
Example
He works in the publishing industry as an editor.
A2 noun /ˈɪər.ɪŋ/
Ear-ring
Meaning
a piece of jewelry worn on the earlobe or ear
Example
Her diamond earrings caught everyone's attention.
B2 noun /dʒɑːr/
Jar
Meaning
a wide-mouthed container made of glass or pottery; to have a harsh or unpleasant effect
Example
She stored homemade cookies in a large glass jar on the kitchen counter.
C1 noun /ɡlɪtʃ/
glitch
Meaning
A sudden, usually temporary fault or malfunction in a system or device.
Example
The computer crashed due to a minor glitch in the software.
C2 noun /ˈliː.vɪŋz/
Leavings
Meaning
things that have been left behind or remain; remnants or scraps
Example
The leavings from dinner were given to the dog.
B2 noun /rɪˈsɛs/
recess
Meaning
A short break from work or school; also a small space set back in a wall.
Example
The children played outside during recess.
B2 adverb /ɪˈfɪʃəntli/
efficiently
Meaning
in a way that achieves maximum productivity with minimum wasted effort or expense
Example
She managed to complete the task efficiently within the deadline.
B2 verb /rɪˈvaɪv/
revive
Meaning
To bring back to life, consciousness, or activity.
Example
The paramedics managed to revive the unconscious man.
C2 adjective /ʌnˈmɪtɪɡeɪtɪd/
unmitigated
Meaning
absolute; not lessened or moderated
Example
The meeting was an unmitigated disaster.
A2 adjective /ˈbroʊkən/
Broken
Meaning
damaged; not working; fractured
Example
The broken window needs to be replaced immediately.
C1 noun /ˈtɜː.mɔɪl/
turmoil
Meaning
A state of great disturbance, confusion, or uncertainty.
Example
The political turmoil led to mass protests.
C1 noun, verb /ˈliːvər/ or /ˈlɛvər/
lever
Meaning
a rigid bar used to move or lift heavy objects; to move something using leverage.
Example
He used a lever to lift the heavy stone.
B2 verb /ˌoʊvərˈloʊd/
overload
Meaning
to load with too much weight or cargo; to give too much work or information
Example
Don't overload the washing machine or it might break down.
C1 noun /ˈhɪr.seɪ/
Hearsay
Meaning
information received from other people that one cannot adequately substantiate; rumor
Example
The accusations were based on hearsay rather than concrete evidence or eyewitness testimony.
C1 noun /ˈɒptɪks/
optics
Meaning
The branch of physics dealing with light and vision.
Example
She studied optics to understand how lenses work.
B1 noun ˌɑː.tɪˈfɪʃ.əl ɪnˈtɛl.ɪ.dʒəns
artificial intelligence
Meaning
The theory and development of computer systems able to perform tasks normally requiring human intelligence.
Example
Artificial intelligence is revolutionizing education through smart tutoring.
C2 adjective /ˌʌnɪkˈsɛpʃənəbl/
unexceptionable
Meaning
Not open to objection; acceptable and unobjectionable
Example
His behavior was unexceptionable throughout the event.
B2 noun /ˌprɒpəˈzɪʃən/
proposition
Meaning
A statement, idea, or plan put forward for consideration or discussion.
Example
The company made a business proposition to the investors.
C1 noun /rɪˈmɪt.əns/
Remittance
Meaning
A sum of money sent in payment or as a gift.
Example
The country's economy benefits from expatriate remittance.
C1 adjective /ˈpɔːrəs/
porous
Meaning
Having tiny holes that allow liquid or air to pass through.
Example
The soil is very porous and drains quickly.
A1 interjection /jɛə/
yeah
Meaning
used to express agreement or affirmation
Example
Yeah, I’ll go to the store with you.
C1 noun /ˌpændəˈmoʊniəm/
pandemonium
Meaning
Wild and noisy disorder or confusion; uproar.
Example
When the concert was canceled, pandemonium broke out among the crowd.
B1 noun /məˈdʒɪʃən/
magician
Meaning
A person who performs tricks and illusions for entertainment or one believed to have magical powers.
Example
The magician pulled a rabbit out of his hat.
C1 noun /ˈhɜːrniə/
hernia
Meaning
A medical condition where an organ pushes through the muscle or tissue holding it in place.
Example
The doctor diagnosed him with an inguinal hernia.