B1 noun
Kindness
bonté; gentillesse; bienveillance
C2 noun /voʊˈsɪfərəns/
vociferance
crier fort
Meaning
the act of shouting or making a loud outcry
Example
The vociferance of the protesters filled the streets.
La vocifération des manifestants a rempli les rues.
C1 adjective /ɪnˈhɪbɪtɪd/
inhibited
inhibé
Meaning
Unable to act in a relaxed and natural way, especially due to self-consciousness or restraint.
Example
He was too inhibited to express his true feelings.
Il était trop inhibé pour exprimer ses vrais sentiments.
C1 adjective /ˈmɔːrn.fəl/
mournful
triste
Meaning
feeling, expressing, or causing sadness or grief
Example
The mournful song reminded her of lost loved ones.
La chanson triste lui rappela ses proches perdus.
C2 noun /ˈsɪniæst/
cineast
cinéaste
Meaning
A film enthusiast or filmmaker; a person deeply interested in cinema.
Example
As a true cineast, she spends most weekends watching classic films.
En tant que véritable cinéaste, elle passe la plupart de ses week-ends à regarder des films classiques.
C1 noun /ˈkriː.dəns/
credence
crédibilité, foi
Meaning
belief in or acceptance of something as true
Example
The witness gave credence to the defendant's alibi.
Le témoin a accordé du crédit à l'alibi de l'accusé.
B2 adjective /ˌfɪl.əˈsɒf.ɪ.kəl/
philosophical
philosophique
Meaning
relating to the study of the fundamental nature of knowledge, reality, and existence
Example
She maintained a calm and philosophical attitude during the crisis.
Elle a gardé une attitude calme et philosophique pendant la crise.
C2 adjective /ˈɑːbdjʊrət/
obdurate
obstiné
Meaning
Stubbornly refusing to change one's opinion or course of action.
Example
He remained obdurate despite everyone's pleas.
Il est resté obstiné malgré les suppliques de tout le monde.
B1 verb /kənˈsʌlt/
consult
consulter
Meaning
To seek advice or information from someone with expertise.
Example
You should consult a doctor before starting the treatment.
Vous devriez consulter un médecin avant de commencer le traitement.
B2 noun /ˈʃɔːrt.kʌm.ɪŋ/
Shortcoming
lacune; défaut; carence
Meaning
a fault or failure to meet a certain standard; a deficiency
Example
Despite his many talents, he has some shortcomings.
Malgré ses nombreux talents, il a quelques lacunes.
B2 noun /daɪˈmen.ʃənz/
dimensions
dimensions
Meaning
Aspects or features of a situation, problem, or thing.
Example
New dimensions of space exploration are being uncovered.
De nouvelles dimensions de l'exploration spatiale sont en train d'être découvertes.
B2 adjective /ˌjuːnɪˈvɜːrsəl/
Universal
universel
Meaning
applicable to all cases; existing everywhere
Example
Music is a universal language that everyone understands.
La musique est un langage universel que tout le monde comprend.
C1 noun /æbˈstrækʃən/
abstraction
abstraction
Meaning
the process of forming general ideas by removing specific details; an abstract concept or idea
Example
Abstraction allows complex ideas to be represented in a simplified form.
L’abstraction permet de représenter des idées complexes de manière simplifiée.
C2 noun /ˈbɑːrtərər/
barterer
barteur
Meaning
A person who trades goods or services without using money.
Example
The barterer exchanged fruits for some pottery.
Le barteur a échangé des fruits contre des pots.
A2 verb /rɪˈlæks/
relax
se détendre
Meaning
to make or become less tense or anxious; to rest
Example
After a long day, she likes to relax with a good book.
Après une longue journée, elle aime se détendre avec un bon livre.
C1 noun /ˈdʒuː.bɪ.liː/
Jubilee
jubilaire; anniversaire spécial
Meaning
a special anniversary celebration, especially the 25th, 50th, or 60th anniversary of an important event
Example
The school celebrated its golden jubilee with a grand ceremony.
L'école a célébré son jubilé d'or avec une grande cérémonie.
C1 noun /dɪˈspɜːrʒən/
dispersion
dispersion
Meaning
The action or process of distributing things or people over a wide area.
Example
The dispersion of seeds by the wind helps plants reproduce.
La dispersion des graines par le vent aide les plantes à se reproduire.
B2 verb /pərˈsiːvd/
perceived
bonheur
Meaning
to become aware of something through the senses or the mind; to understand or interpret
Example
She perceived a hint of sadness in his voice.
Elle n'a pas pu cacher son bonheur lorsqu'elle a reçu le prix.
B1 adjective /kəˈlɛktɪd/
collected
calme
Meaning
calm and in control of oneself
Example
She remained calm and collected during the crisis.
Elle est restée calme et collectée pendant la crise.
B2 noun, verb /ˈplɑːstər/
plaster
plâtre, réparer
Meaning
a soft mixture applied to walls or used to cover wounds; or to cover or coat with plaster
Example
The workers plastered the walls to make them smooth.
Les ouvriers ont plâtré les murs pour les rendre lisses.
C2 noun /ˈzɛfər/
zephyr
brise douce
Meaning
A soft gentle breeze.
Example
A warm zephyr blew through the valley.
Une brise douce soufflait à travers la vallée.
B1 noun /ˈfɪkʃən/
fiction
fiction
Meaning
Literature created from the imagination, not presented as fact.
Example
She enjoys reading science fiction novels.
Elle aime lire des romans de science-fiction.
C1 noun /ˌɛlɪˈveɪʃən/
elevation
élévation
Meaning
The act of raising something to a higher position or level.
Example
The hikers reached a high elevation after hours of climbing.
Les randonneurs ont atteint une grande élévation après des heures de montée.
C1 adjective /tɛkˈtɑː.nɪk/
tectonic
tectonique
Meaning
Relating to the structure of the earth's crust and the large-scale processes that take place within it.
Example
Tectonic movements cause earthquakes and mountain formation.
Les mouvements tectoniques causent des tremblements de terre et la formation des montagnes.
C1 adjective, noun /ˈkɑːr.dɪ.nəl/
cardinal
cardinal / principal
Meaning
As an adjective: of prime importance; as a noun: a high-ranking Catholic clergyman or a type of bird.
Example
Honesty is a cardinal virtue in life.
L'honnêteté est une vertu cardinal dans la vie.
B1 noun /ɪnˈvɛstər/
investor
investisseur
Meaning
a person or organization that puts money into financial schemes, property, or business ventures with the expectation of achieving a profit
Example
The investor funded the startup with a large sum of money.
L'investisseur a financé la startup avec une grande somme d'argent.
C1 verb /ˈiːvzdrɒp/
eavesdrop
écouter en cachette
Meaning
to secretly listen to a conversation
Example
She stood near the door to eavesdrop on their conversation.
Elle était près de la porte pour écouter discrètement leur conversation.
C1 noun ˌpraɪ.vɪ.taɪˈzeɪ.ʃən
privatization
privatisation
Meaning
The transfer of a business, industry, or service from public to private ownership and control.
Example
The privatization of state-owned companies increased efficiency.
La privatisation des entreprises publiques a augmenté l'efficacité.
B1 noun /ˈsæm.pəl/
Sample
échantillon
Meaning
a small part taken as an example of the whole; a specimen
Example
The doctor took a blood sample for testing.
Le médecin a pris un échantillon de sang pour les tests.
C2 noun /ˈhɔːrs.liːt͡ʃ/
Horse-leach
sangsue de cheval
Meaning
a large species of leech that was traditionally used in veterinary medicine
Example
The veterinarian explained that horse-leach was once commonly used to treat horses.
Le vétérinaire a expliqué que la sangsue de cheval était couramment utilisée pour traiter les chevaux.
C1 verb əˈkruː
accrue
accumuler
Meaning
To accumulate or receive (payments or benefits) over time.
Example
Interest accrues on the savings account every month.
Les intérêts s'accumulent chaque mois sur le compte d'épargne.
C1 noun /əˈkɜr.əns/
Occurrence
événement
Meaning
an instance or event of something happening; the fact of occurring
Example
The occurrence of earthquakes is common in this region.
L'occurrence des tremblements de terre est courante dans cette région.
B2 adjective /ˈsɛkʃʊəl/
sexual
sexuel
Meaning
relating to the instincts, physiological processes, and activities connected with physical attraction or intimate physical contact between individuals
Example
The sexual health of individuals is an important topic in modern medicine.
La santé sexuelle des individus est un sujet important en médecine moderne.
A1 noun /dʒʌmp/
Jump
saut
Meaning
an act of jumping; a sudden movement upwards or forwards
Example
The athlete made a perfect jump over the high bar.
L'athlète a effectué un saut parfait au-dessus de la barre haute.
C2 noun /ˌɪntərpəˈzɪʃən/
interposition
intervention
Meaning
The act of intervening or coming between two things, often to influence or prevent an outcome.
Example
The manager’s interposition prevented a heated argument from escalating.
L'intervention du manager a empêché une dispute animée de s'intensifier.
C2 verb /ˌdɪsəˈreɪndʒ/
disarrange
désorganiser
Meaning
to disturb the order or arrangement of something
Example
The wind disarranged her hair.
Le vent a désordonné ses cheveux.
B2 noun /ˈpæn.ɪk/
Panic
panique
Meaning
sudden uncontrollable fear or anxiety; a state of widespread fear and anxiety
Example
The fire alarm caused panic among the students.
L'alarme incendie a provoqué la panique parmi les étudiants.
C2 noun /ˈɡæd.flaɪ/
gadfly
mouche du coche
Meaning
A person who annoys or criticizes others to stimulate change or provoke action.
Example
The journalist was a gadfly, constantly questioning the government's policies.
Le journaliste était une mouche du coche, remettant constamment en question les politiques du gouvernement.
C2 verb /ˈbleɪzən/
blazon
afficher
Meaning
to display prominently or vividly
Example
The slogan was blazoned across the banner in bold letters.
Le slogan a été affiché en lettres grasses sur la bannière.
A1 verb /læf/
laugh
rire
Meaning
to make sounds and movements expressing happiness or amusement
Example
The joke made everyone laugh.
La blague a fait rire tout le monde.
C1 noun /ˈkɒnsəl/
consul
consul / ambassadeur
Meaning
an official appointed by a government to live in a foreign city and protect its citizens and interests there
Example
The consul assisted travelers who lost their passports.
Le consul a aidé les voyageurs qui ont perdu leurs passeports.
B2 noun /ˈbrʌðərhʊd/
brotherhood
fraternité
Meaning
The relationship between brothers; an association of people with common interests
Example
The soldiers shared a strong sense of brotherhood.
Les soldats ont partagé un fort sentiment de fraternité.
B2 noun oʊˈbiː.sə.t̬i
obesity
obésité
Meaning
The condition of being grossly fat or overweight.
Example
Obesity increases the risk of diabetes and heart disease.
L'obésité augmente le risque de diabète et de maladies cardiaques.
C2 verb /ˈtʃeɪ.sən/
chasten
châtier / soumettre
Meaning
to correct or discipline; to humble or subdue
Example
The coach chastened the team after their poor performance.
L'entraîneur a châtié l'équipe après leur mauvaise performance.
C2 noun əˈkjuː.ə.ti
acuity
acuité
Meaning
Sharpness or keenness of thought, vision, or hearing.
Example
His intellectual acuity made him a brilliant scientist.
Son acuité intellectuelle faisait de lui un scientifique brillant.
C1 adjective /pəˈdæntɪk/
pedantic
excessivement préoccupé par les détails mineurs ou les règles
Meaning
Excessively concerned with minor details or rules; overly academic or bookish.
Example
Her pedantic explanations made the lecture dull.
Ses explications pédantes ont rendu la conférence ennuyeuse.
B1 noun /bʌlb/
bulb
ampoule
Meaning
a rounded glass part of an electric lamp that produces light when lit; also an underground storage organ in some plants
Example
The light bulb burned out, so she replaced it with a new one.
L'ampoule a grillé, alors elle l'a remplacée par une nouvelle.
C1 verb /zæɡ/
zag
faire un virage brusque
Meaning
to make a sharp change in direction, especially in a zigzag pattern
Example
The rabbit zagged quickly to escape the fox.
Le lapin a tourné brusquement pour échapper au renard.
C2 noun /ˈmɒnəɡrɑːf/
monograph
monographie
Meaning
A detailed written study of a single specialized subject or aspect of it.
Example
The professor published a monograph on ancient pottery.
Le professeur a publie une monographie sur la poterie antique.
B2 noun ɡrɪd
grid
réseau
Meaning
A network of interconnected lines or a system for distributing electricity over a wide area.
Example
The national power grid must be upgraded.
Le réseau national d'électricité doit être amélioré.
C2 noun /ˈdɪktəm/
dictum
dicton
Meaning
A formal pronouncement, authoritative statement, or maxim.
Example
The judge’s dictum clarified the principle of equality before the law.
Le dictum du juge a clarifié le principe de l'égalité devant la loi.
B1 adjective /ʌnˈfeər/
Unfair
injuste; déloyal;
Meaning
not right or just; treating people in a way that favors some over others
Example
It's unfair to blame her for something she didn't do.
C'est injuste de la blâmer pour quelque chose qu'elle n'a pas fait.
A1 noun /ˈfʊtˌbɔːl/
football
football
Meaning
A team sport played with a ball that is kicked or carried to score points.
Example
They watched a football match on TV.
Ils ont regardé un match de football à la télévision.
B2 noun /kraɪˈtɪəriə/
criteria
critère
Meaning
Standards or principles by which something is judged or decided.
Example
The candidates were evaluated based on strict criteria.
Les candidats ont été évalués en fonction de critères stricts.
B2 noun /kwest/
Quest
quête; recherche
Meaning
a journey or search for something; an adventure to achieve a goal
Example
The knight embarked on a quest to find the legendary treasure.
Le chevalier entreprit une quête pour trouver le trésor légendaire.
C2 adjective /ˌaɪ.kə.nəˈklæs.tɪk/
iconoclastic
Caractérisé par l'attaque ou le rejet des croyances, des traditions ou des valeurs établies.
Meaning
Characterized by attacking or rejecting cherished beliefs, traditions, or established values.
Example
Her iconoclastic views challenged the conventional wisdom of the industry.
Ses vues iconoclastes ont défié la sagesse conventionnelle de l'industrie.
C1 adjective/noun /ˈnɜːr.tʃɚ.ɪŋ/
nurturing
soins, encouragement, développement
Meaning
The process of caring for and encouraging growth or development.
Example
A nurturing environment helps children thrive.
Un environnement nurturing aide les enfants à s'épanouir.
B2 noun ˈlænd.mɑːk
landmark
repère
Meaning
An object or feature of a landscape or town that is easily seen and recognized from a distance; an important stage or turning point.
Example
The space restaurant is a landmark in innovation.
Le restaurant spatial est un repère dans l'innovation.
B2 adjective + noun অ্যাডভার্স ইমপ্যাক্ট
adverse impact
impact négatif
Meaning
A negative or harmful effect or influence on something.
Example
Long screen time has an adverse impact on hand muscles.
Un long temps d'écran a un impact négatif sur les muscles des mains.
C1 adjective /ˈskrʌmpʃəs/
scrumptious
délicieux
Meaning
extremely tasty or delicious
Example
She baked a scrumptious chocolate cake for the party.
Elle a préparé un délicieux gâteau au chocolat pour la fête.
C2 noun ˌsɜːkəmˈspekʃən
circumspection
prudence, éviter les risques
Meaning
The quality of being wary and unwilling to take risks; prudence.
Example
His circumspection ensured no mistakes were made.
Sa prudence a garanti qu'aucune erreur n'a été commise.
C1 adjective /ˈɡriːvəs/
grievous
grave
Meaning
Causing great pain, suffering, or sorrow.
Example
The accident was a grievous blow to the community.
L'accident a été un coup grave pour la communauté.
C2 noun /rʌmp/
Rump
postérieur; fesses; bas du dos
Meaning
the hindquarters or buttocks; the lower back area
Example
The horse injured its rump during the fall.
Le cheval s'est blessé le postérieur pendant la chute.
A1 adjective /bɛst/
best
le meilleur
Meaning
Of the highest quality, excellence, or standing.
Example
She is the best student in the class.
Elle est la meilleure élève de la classe.
C1 noun /ˈbæs.ti.ən/
bastion
bastion, forteresse
Meaning
a stronghold or fortification; a place or institution strongly defending particular principles
Example
The castle stood as a bastion against enemy attacks.
Le château se tenait comme un bastion contre les attaques ennemies.
A2 noun /biːf/
Beef
viande de bœuf
Meaning
meat from a cow or bull
Example
The restaurant serves the best beef steak in town.
Le restaurant sert le meilleur steak de viande de bœuf en ville.
C1 noun /ˈprɒvɪdəns/
providence
providence divine
Meaning
the protective care of God or nature as a spiritual power; foresight or prudence
Example
They believed their survival was due to divine providence.
Ils croyaient que leur survie était due à la providence divine.
B1 noun /wɪtʃ/
Witch
sorcière
Meaning
a woman thought to have magic powers, especially evil ones; a practitioner of witchcraft
Example
The old witch cast a spell on the prince.
La vieille sorcière a jeté un sort sur le prince.
B2 adjective /ˈspɒtɪd/
Spotted
tacheté; marqué; vu
Meaning
having spots or marks; noticed or seen
Example
The spotted leopard moved silently through the jungle.
Le léopard tacheté s'est déplacé silencieusement à travers la jungle.
B2 adjective /dɪsˈɡreɪsfəl/
Disgraceful
honteux; déshonorant; digne de condamnation
Meaning
shameful; bringing dishonor; worthy of condemnation
Example
His disgraceful behavior shocked everyone at the party.
Son comportement honteux a choqué tout le monde à la fête.
B2 noun /ˈves.əl/
vessel
navire
Meaning
A ship or large boat.
Example
The vessel carried critical supplies.
Le navire a transporté des fournitures critiques.
B1 verb ɪkˈspændɪŋ
expanding
élargir
Meaning
Becoming larger or more extensive; increasing in size, number, or importance.
Example
Expanding education opportunities helps reduce inequality.
L'élargissement des opportunités éducatives aide à réduire l'inégalité.
B2 noun /ˌʌnəˌveɪləˈbɪləti/
unavailability
indisponibilité
Meaning
The state of being not available or not accessible.
Example
The unavailability of the manager caused a delay in the project.
L'indisponibilité du gestionnaire a causé un retard dans le projet.
C1 noun /ˈnɔːrməlsi/
normalcy
normalité
Meaning
The condition of being normal; a return to usual or expected conditions.
Example
After the flood, the town struggled to regain a sense of normalcy.
Après l'inondation, la ville a eu du mal à retrouver un sentiment de normalité.
B1 noun /ɪkˈstent/
Extent
étendue; portée; zone
Meaning
the area covered by something; the degree to which something has spread
Example
The extent of the damage caused by the flood was enormous.
L'étendue des dégâts causés par l'inondation était énorme.
C1 noun /ˌɔːkʃəˈnɪər/
auctioneer
commissaire-priseur
Meaning
a person who conducts auctions by calling out bids and selling items to the highest bidder
Example
The auctioneer quickly raised the price as bidders competed for the painting.
Le commissaire-priseur a rapidement augmenté le prix.
C1 adjective /ˈper.ɪ.ləs/
perilous
périlleux, dangereux, risqué
Meaning
Full of danger or risk; hazardous and threatening.
Example
The explorers took a perilous journey.
Les explorateurs ont fait un voyage périlleux.
A1 noun /aɪs/
Ice
glace
Meaning
water that has frozen and become solid
Example
The ice in my drink melted quickly in the hot weather.
La glace dans ma boisson a fondu rapidement par temps chaud.
B1 adjective /rɔː/
Raw
cru; non transformé; dans son état naturel; inexpérimenté
Meaning
uncooked; not processed; in natural state; inexperienced
Example
The chef prefers to use raw vegetables in his salads.
Le chef préfère utiliser des légumes crus dans ses salades.
A2 noun, verb /pəʊst/
post
poster
Meaning
a job or position, or to send something by mail
Example
She posted a letter to her friend yesterday.
Elle a posté une lettre à son amie hier.
C1 noun /kəˈnʌn.drəm/
conundrum
problème complexe ou énigme
Meaning
A complex problem or puzzle without an easy solution
Example
The ethical conundrum puzzled the researchers.
Le dilemme éthique a perturbé les chercheurs.
C1 adjective /ɪˌlɪzəˈbiːθən/
elizabethan
époque élisabéthaine
Meaning
Relating to the reign of Queen Elizabeth I of England (1558–1603), especially the style of that period.
Example
Shakespeare wrote many of his plays during the Elizabethan era.
Shakespeare a écrit de nombreuses pièces pendant l'époque élisabéthaine.
A2 adjective /ɪmˈpɑːsəbl/
impossible
impossible
Meaning
not able to occur, exist, or be done
Example
It is impossible to finish this work in one day.
Il est impossible de finir ce travail en une journée.
A2 noun /ˈbiː.ɪŋ/
Being
existence; un être vivant; l'état d'exister
Meaning
existence; a living creature; the state of existing
Example
Every human being deserves respect and dignity.
Chaque être humain mérite respect et dignité.
B1 noun /əkˈsɛptəns/
acceptance
acceptation
Meaning
the act of agreeing to receive or undertake something offered
Example
Her acceptance of the award was met with applause.
Son acceptation du prix a été saluée par des applaudissements.
A2 adjective /ɪˈlɛktrɪk/
electric
électrique
Meaning
Relating to or operated by electricity.
Example
The room was lit by an electric lamp.
La pièce était éclairée par une lampe électrique.
C2 noun /ˈlæŋɡər/
languor
langueur
Meaning
A state of tiredness, inertia, or dreamy relaxation.
Example
The hot afternoon filled her with languor.
L'après-midi chaud l'a remplie de langueur.
C2 noun /kænˈtoʊnmənt/
Cantonment
cantonnement militaire
Meaning
a military base or permanent military station
Example
The soldiers lived in the cantonment outside the city.
Les soldats ont vécu dans le cantonnement militaire en dehors de la ville.
C2 verb /ˈpʌlvəraɪz/
pulverize
pulvériser
Meaning
To crush or grind something into a fine powder; to completely defeat or destroy.
Example
The machine can pulverize stones into dust.
La machine peut pulvériser des pierres en poussière.
C1 verb /ˈhaɪbərˌneɪt/
hibernate
hiberner
Meaning
To spend the winter in a dormant state, as some animals do.
Example
Bears hibernate in caves during the winter.
Les ours hibernent dans des grottes pendant l'hiver.
C2 noun, verb /ɡəˈrɒt/
garrote
étrangler
Meaning
A method of execution by strangulation, or to strangle someone with a cord or wire.
Example
The assassin attempted to garrote his target in the alley.
L'assassin a tenté de garroter sa cible dans la ruelle.
A2 adjective /fer/
Fair
juste; raisonnable; beau
Meaning
just and reasonable; treating people equally; light in color; attractive
Example
The judge made a fair decision in the case.
Le juge a pris une décision juste dans l'affaire.
C2 noun /ˈfoʊ.nə.ɡræm/
phonogram
symbole phonétique
Meaning
a written symbol representing a speech sound
Example
The teacher showed how each phonogram represents a particular sound.
L'enseignant a montré comment chaque phonogramme représente un son particulier.
A2 verb /prɪˈtɛnd/
pretend
faire semblant
Meaning
To act as if something is true when it is not.
Example
The children pretended to be superheroes.
Les enfants ont fait semblant d'être des super-héros.
C2 noun /məˈlɑː.ti/
Malati
malati
Meaning
a fragrant climbing plant with small white flowers, commonly known as jasmine
Example
The malati vine covered the garden wall with sweet-smelling flowers.
La vigne de malati a couvert le mur du jardin avec des fleurs au parfum sucré.
C1 adjective /ˌeɪˈmɔːrəl/
amoral
amoral
Meaning
Lacking a moral sense; unconcerned with rightness or wrongness of something.
Example
The character in the novel was portrayed as completely amoral.
Le personnage dans le roman a été dépeint comme complètement amoral.
B2 adjective /əˈtʃiːvəbl/
achievable
réalisable
Meaning
Able to be brought about or reached successfully.
Example
Start with achievable steps to stay motivated.
Commencez par des étapes réalisables pour rester motivé.
C1 verb /ˈsælvɪdʒ/
salvage
sauver
Meaning
To save something from loss, damage, or destruction.
Example
They managed to salvage some goods from the fire.
Ils ont réussi à sauver des biens du feu.
C2 noun /ˈbʌskɪn/
buskin
botte épaisse
Meaning
A type of thick-soled boot that reaches halfway to the knee; also associated with tragic drama in ancient times.
Example
The actor wore a buskin as part of his classical costume.
L'acteur portait un buskin comme partie de son costume classique.
C1 noun /ˌpɜːsəˈnælɪzeɪʃən/
personalization
personnalisation, customisation
Meaning
The action of making something personal or individual; customization.
Example
Personalization in marketing improves customer engagement.
La personnalisation dans le marketing améliore l'engagement des clients.
C2 noun /ˌkɒzməˈpɒlɪtənɪzəm/
cosmopolitanism
cosmopolitisme
Meaning
the ideology that all human beings belong to a single community
Example
Cosmopolitanism promotes respect and understanding across cultures.
Le cosmopolitisme favorise le respect et la compréhension entre les cultures.
C2 adjective /ˌɛf.ɪˈkeɪ.ʃəs/
efficacious
efficace
Meaning
Successful in producing a desired or intended result; effective.
Example
The vaccine proved highly efficacious in preventing infections.
Le vaccin s'est révélé hautement efficace pour prévenir les infections.
A2 noun /ˈsuː.pəˌmɑː.kɪt/
supermarket
supermarché
Meaning
a large self-service store selling food and household goods
Example
She went to the supermarket to buy groceries.
Elle est allée au supermarché pour acheter des courses.
A2 adjective /ˈnætʃərəl/
natural
naturel
Meaning
existing in or derived from nature; not made or caused by humankind
Example
She prefers to use natural ingredients in her cooking.
Elle préfère utiliser des ingrédients naturels dans sa cuisine.
C1 adjective /kɑːrˈnɪv.ər.əs/
Carnivorous
carnivore
Meaning
feeding on other animals; meat-eating
Example
Lions are carnivorous animals that hunt other animals for food.
Les lions sont des animaux carnivores qui chassent d'autres animaux pour se nourrir.
B2 adjective /əˈpiː.lɪŋ/
Appealing
attrayant; intéressant; plaisant
Meaning
attractive; interesting; pleasing
Example
The colorful garden looks very appealing to visitors.
Le jardin coloré semble très attrayant pour les visiteurs.
C2 noun /ˈɑːm.lət/
Armlet
bracelet de bras
Meaning
a band worn around the upper arm as an ornament
Example
The traditional dancer wore golden armlets that gleamed in the spotlight.
La danseuse traditionnelle portait des bracelets dorés qui brillaient sous les projecteurs.
C1 noun /ˌænɛkˈseɪʃən/
annexation
annexion
Meaning
the act of adding or taking control of territory or property, especially by a state
Example
The annexation of the region led to international condemnation.
L'annexion de la région a suscité une condamnation internationale.
C2 noun /ˈdʒes.tər/
Jester
bouffon; comique
Meaning
a professional joker or fool at a medieval court; someone who jokes a lot
Example
The court jester entertained the king with witty remarks and amusing tricks.
Le bouffon de la cour divertissait le roi avec des remarques pleines d'esprit et des tours amusants.
B2 noun /ˈmʌtn/
Mutton
viande de mouton
Meaning
meat from an adult sheep; lamb meat
Example
The restaurant serves delicious mutton curry with rice.
Le restaurant sert un délicieux curry de viande de mouton avec du riz.
A2 adverb /ˈtruːli/
Truly
vraiment
Meaning
in accordance with fact or reality; genuinely
Example
She truly loves her family.
Elle aime vraiment sa famille.
C1 noun /ˈmedoʊ/
Meadow
prairie
Meaning
A piece of grassland, especially one used for hay
Example
The cows grazed peacefully in the green meadow.
Les vaches paissaient paisiblement dans la prairie verte.
C2 verb /əˈɡriːv/
aggrieve
affliger
Meaning
to cause distress or make someone feel resentful
Example
She felt aggrieved by the unfair decision.
Elle s'est sentie contrariée par la décision injuste.
C2 noun /ˈblændɪʃmənt/
blandishment
flatterie
Meaning
flattering or pleasing statement or action used to persuade someone gently
Example
She used every blandishment to win his support.
Elle a utilisé toutes les flatteries pour gagner son soutien.
B2 noun /ˈen.ə.dʒi sɪˈkjʊə.rɪ.ti/
energy security
sécurité énergétique
Meaning
The reliable availability of energy sources at an affordable price for a nation or region.
Example
Energy security ensures consistent supply.
La sécurité énergétique assure une fourniture constante.
A1 adjective /nɛkst/
next
suivant
Meaning
immediately following in time, order, or place
Example
The next train leaves at 9:00 AM.
Le prochain train part à 9h00.
B2 noun /speɪd/
Spade
bêche
Meaning
a tool with a flat blade for digging; a playing card suit
Example
The gardener used a spade to dig holes for planting flowers.
Le jardinier a utilisé une bêche pour creuser des trous pour planter des fleurs.
C2 noun /ˈædʒ.ə.tənt/
Adjutant
cigogne adjoint
Meaning
a large water bird with long legs and neck, also known as adjutant stork
Example
The adjutant stork stood motionless in the shallow water.
La cigogne adjoint était immobile dans l'eau peu profonde.
C1 adjective /ɪˈmoʊbəl/
immobile
immobile
Meaning
unable to move or be moved
Example
After the accident, he was immobile for weeks.
Après l'accident, il est resté immobile pendant des semaines.
B2 noun/verb /ˈtʃɑːrtər/
charter
charte / location
Meaning
a written document granting rights or privileges; to hire a vehicle or vessel for temporary use
Example
The company decided to charter a bus for the trip.
La société a décidé de louer un bus pour le voyage.
B2 noun /tɒŋz/
Tongs
pince
Meaning
a tool consisting of two movable arms that are joined at one end, used for picking up and holding things
Example
Use the tongs to pick up the hot pieces of meat from the grill.
Utilisez les pinces pour ramasser les morceaux chauds de viande du grill.