CEFR Level
The sense of smell; the process of detecting and perceiving odors.
"Dogs have a highly developed sense of olfaction."
Relating to the sense of smell.
"The perfume activated her olfactory nerves immediately."
A small freshwater fish with olive-colored body and barbels
"The olive barb is commonly found in South Asian rivers."
A symbol of peace or reconciliation; an offer to end conflict.
"He extended an olive-branch to his rival after years of hostility."
The quality of having unlimited power or authority.
"Many religions describe God’s omnipotence as absolute."
Having unlimited power; able to do anything.
"The CEO acted as if he were omnipotent in the company."
the state of knowing everything
"The novel's narrator has an air of omniscience, revealing every character's thoughts."
having complete or unlimited knowledge and awareness
"Some religions describe God as omniscient and all-powerful."
The formation of a word from a sound associated with what is named.
"The word 'buzz' is an example of onomatopoeia."
A sudden powerful forward or downward rush or flow.
"The onrush of water swept away the bridge."
a milky or pearly appearance of a surface like that of an opal
"The pearl had a gentle opalescence under the light."
showing or reflecting a milky, iridescent light like an opal
"The opalescent sky glowed with shades of pink and blue."
Generous; liberal; giving freely;
"He is very open-handed with his money and always helps those in need."
Kind and generous; sincere and honest; warmly receptive;
"She welcomed the strangers with an open-hearted smile and invited them for dinner."
a short opera with light and humorous themes
"The theater staged a famous operetta by Gilbert and Sullivan."
a drug containing opium or its derivatives, used to relieve pain or cause sleep
"The doctor prescribed an opiate to relieve the patient's pain."
to express an opinion or belief
"The professor opined that the policy would fail."
The practice of taking advantage of opportunities regardless of principles or ethics.
"His decision was driven by opportunism, not values."
Expressing strong criticism or scorn.
"He made opprobrious remarks about his opponent."
Harsh criticism or public disgrace.
"The scandal brought opprobrium on the politician."
Great wealth, luxury, or abundance.
"The palace displayed a level of opulence that amazed the visitors."
Ostentatiously rich, luxurious, or lavish.
"They hosted an opulent wedding with gold decorations."
A creative work, especially a large and important piece of music or art.
"The composer considered the symphony his greatest opus."
Resembling an oracle; giving wise, mysterious, or prophetic statements
"Her oracular words left the audience deep in thought."
a freshwater fish species native to South Asian rivers, commonly found in Bangladesh and India
"The orangefin labeo is an important food fish in Bangladesh."
To speak in a formal, often pompous manner
"He began to orate at the ceremony."
A formal speech, especially one given on a ceremonial occasion
"The president delivered an inspiring oration."
A large-scale musical composition for orchestra, choir, and soloists, usually on a sacred theme, performed without costumes or scenery.
"Handel's 'Messiah' is one of the most famous oratorios ever written."
The ceremony of conferring holy orders or official religious authority.
"The church held a special service for the ordination of new priests."
Military supplies including weapons, ammunition, and combat equipment.
"The army stored ordnance in a secure facility outside the city."
Wild gatherings involving excessive indulgence in food, drink, or sexual activity.
"The ancient Romans were infamous for their lavish feasts and orgies."
A wild party involving excessive indulgence, especially of a sexual nature.
"The novel described a scandalous orgy in a wealthy mansion."
an opening or hole, especially in the body or a device
"The medicine was applied through a small orifice in the device."
a prayer, especially a devout or formal one
"He whispered a quiet orison before going to sleep."
bad-tempered and combative; stubborn
"The ornery old man refused to leave his chair."
a scientist who studies birds
"The ornithologist spent years studying migratory birds."
the scientific study of birds
"She pursued ornithology to understand the migration patterns of birds."
full, rich, and clear in sound; pompous in style
"The actor's orotund voice filled the theater."
at right angles; independent or unrelated
"In mathematics, two vectors are orthogonal if their dot product is zero."
The conventional spelling system of a language.
"English orthography can be confusing for learners."
To kiss.
"They osculated under the mistletoe during the party."
consisting of or turned into bone; bony
"The fossil showed osseous structures of the ancient creature."
Turned into bone or become rigid; unwilling to change.
"The company had an ossified management structure that resisted innovation."
to turn into bone or become rigid and inflexible
"With age, some tissues tend to ossify."
clearly demonstrative or pointing out; explicitly shown
"The teacher gave an ostensive example to clarify the concept."
excessive display of wealth or knowledge intended to attract admiration or envy
"The billionaire’s party was full of ostentation and luxury."
to gain an advantage over an opponent by skillful or clever action
"The smaller company managed to outmaneuver its larger rival."
to ride faster, farther, or better than someone else
"The young rider managed to outride his competitors in the race."
a projecting structure on a boat, used for stability, or a boat fitted with such support
"The fisherman paddled his outrigger canoe across the lagoon."
To jump over something; to omit or disregard something.
"He managed to overleap the fence easily."
