CEFR Level
a clumsy, stupid, or awkward person
"He acted like an oaf at the dinner party, spilling drinks everywhere."
made of or resembling oak wood
"The villagers gathered around the oaken table in the hall."
loose fibers obtained by untwisting old ropes, used for caulking ships
"The shipbuilders used oakum to seal the gaps in the wooden planks."
a person who rows a boat, especially as a member of a racing crew
"The experienced oarsman rowed the boat across the river."
Stubbornly refusing to change one's opinion or course of action.
"He remained obdurate despite everyone's pleas."
A gesture of respect such as a bow or curtsy.
"They bowed in obeisance to the king."
A tall, four-sided, narrow tapering monument with a pyramid-shaped top.
"The ancient Egyptians built obelisks to honor their gods."
To deliberately make something unclear or difficult to understand.
"The politician tried to obfuscate the truth with vague statements."
Deliberately making information or code unclear to make it difficult to understand
"Code obfuscation is used to protect software from hackers."
to scold or rebuke severely
"The teacher objurgated the student for being dishonest."
a harsh scolding or strong rebuke
"His misconduct earned him a severe objurgation from the manager."
a religious offering, especially of bread or wine to God
"The priest placed the oblation on the altar during the ceremony."
to bind legally or morally; to compel someone to do something
"The contract obligates the company to provide timely service."
Deviation from moral or usual conduct; indirectness or lack of straightforwardness.
"The politician was criticized for the obliquity of his answers."
Strong public criticism or verbal abuse; disgrace or shame from public condemnation.
"The politician faced obloquy after the scandal was exposed."
Funeral rites or ceremonies.
"The obsequies for the late leader drew thousands of mourners."
Excessively obedient or attentive in a servile way.
"The waiter gave an obsequious bow to every customer."
A funeral rite, usually used in plural form obsequies.
"The village gathered for the obsequy of their beloved teacher."
A hard, dark, glasslike volcanic rock formed by rapid solidification of lava.
"The knife was made from sharp obsidian."
Becoming outdated or on the way to becoming obsolete.
"The obsolescent technology could not compete with modern devices."
The branch of medicine dealing with childbirth and care of women giving birth.
"She is studying obstetrics to become a specialist in childbirth."
Stubborn refusal to change one’s opinion or course of action.
"Her obstinacy made it impossible to reach an agreement."
Noisy and difficult to control.
"The obstreperous students disrupted the class."
a person who deliberately delays or prevents progress by being uncooperative or oppositional
"The obstructionist in the committee kept delaying the decision-making process."
to force oneself or one's ideas into a situation uninvited or inappropriately
"He didn’t want to obtrude into their private conversation."
noticeable in an unpleasant or unwelcome way; intrusive
"The advertisement was so obtrusive that it ruined the user’s experience."
To turn something so as to face in a different direction; in logic, to convert a proposition by negating both subject and predicate.
"The teacher asked the students to obvert the statement for practice."
To remove a need or difficulty; to prevent or avoid something.
"This new system obviates the need for manual data entry."
The countries of the West, especially Europe and America.
"The Occident has a long history of philosophical thought."
To block or close up an opening or passage.
"The pipe was occluded by mineral deposits."
The formation of layers in ocean water due to differences in density.
"Ocean stratification affects marine biodiversity."
A size of book page resulting from folding a sheet of paper into eight leaves (sixteen pages).
"The old library contained rare octavo editions of Shakespeare."
A person who is between 80 and 89 years old.
"The octogenarian still jogs every morning to stay healthy."
Relating to the eye or vision.
"The patient was referred to a specialist for ocular treatment."
An old-fashioned term for an eye doctor or ophthalmologist.
"The village oculist was known for treating various eye diseases."
a lyrical poem, often expressing praise or strong emotions
"The poet wrote an ode to the beauty of nature."
extremely unpleasant or repulsive
"The dictator was remembered for his odious crimes."
general or widespread hatred or disgust directed toward someone as a result of their actions
"The scandal brought public odium on the corrupt minister."
having or giving off a smell, especially a strong or pleasant one
"The garden was filled with odoriferous flowers."
having or giving off a smell, often unpleasant
"The odorous garbage had to be taken out immediately."
out of tune; not in accordance with expected standards
"The singer was slightly off-key during the performance."
the internal organs and entrails of an animal used as food; waste parts
"The butcher prepared sausages using pork offal."
Unusual, unconventional, or different from the norm.
"She has a very offbeat sense of humor."
The part of a religious service when offerings are collected; the offering itself.
"The offertory was taken during the Sunday service."
Excessively eager to offer unwanted help or advice; meddlesome.
"The officious guard kept interrupting the visitors with unnecessary instructions."
Unfriendly, distant, or reserved in manner.
"He seemed offish at the party and avoided most conversations."
To look at someone with obvious sexual interest.
"He kept ogling the models on the runway."
A mythical monster, often depicted as large, hideous, and cruel; metaphorically, a cruel or terrifying person.
"The villagers feared the ogre who lived in the dark forest."
a person who works in the oil industry; someone who sells oil or petroleum products
"The oilman discovered a new oil field in the desert."
a poisonous evergreen shrub with clusters of white, pink, or red flowers
"The beautiful oleander flowers bloomed in the garden despite their toxic nature."
