CEFR Level
A system of symbols or signs used to represent information, especially in mathematics or music.
"The teacher explained the notation used in the algebra equations."
A small cut or groove on the edge or surface of something; a level or degree of achievement.
"He carved a notch on the stick to mark the days."
The state of being famous or well-known for something bad.
"The criminal gained notoriety for his daring escapes."
In spite of; despite
"Notwithstanding the challenges, the team completed the project."
To provide with food or other substances necessary for growth, health, and good condition
"Good books nourish the mind."
The food or substances necessary for growth, health, and good condition
"The soup provided warmth and nourishment."
A star showing a sudden large increase in brightness and then slowly returning to its original state
"Astronomers observed a bright nova in the sky."
A person new to or inexperienced in a field or activity.
"He is still a novice at playing the guitar."
harmful, poisonous, or very unpleasant
"The factory released noxious fumes into the air."
a subtle difference in meaning, expression, or sound
"The artist captured every nuance of light in the painting."
Characterized by subtle shades of meaning or expression; having or characterized by subtle and often appealingly complex qualities.
"His argument was nuanced and well-structured."
The central and most important part of something, forming the basis for its activity and growth; in biology, the central part of a cell.
"The nucleus of the atom contains protons and neutrons."
To push someone gently, usually with your elbow, in order to attract attention.
"She nudged him to be quiet during the meeting."
to make legally null and void; to cancel or invalidate
"The contract was nullified due to fraud."
To care for and encourage the growth or development of someone or something.
"Parents should nurture their children's talents."
The process of caring for and encouraging growth or development.
"A nurturing environment helps children thrive."
a spice made from the seed of the fruit of an evergreen tree, used in cooking and baking
"The recipe called for a teaspoon of ground nutmeg to flavor the custard."
A lack of essential nutrients required for healthy plant growth, which can result in poor crop development, reduced yields, and increased susceptibility to diseases.
"Nutrient deficiency in the soil can reduce crop productivity."
Rich in nutrients and high nutritional value.
"Organic food is often more nutrient-dense than processed food."
Plants or vegetables that are rich in nutrients and beneficial for health
"Winter vegetables are considered nutritious crops."
a long pole with a flat blade used to row a boat
"He dipped the oar into the water and pulled the boat forward."
a fertile spot in a desert where water is found; a pleasant relief
"After hours in the desert, they finally reached an oasis."
a solemn promise, often invoking a divine witness
"She took an oath to tell the truth in court."
Extremely overweight; having an excessive amount of body fat.
"The doctor advised the obese patient to adopt a healthier lifestyle."
A notice of a person's death, often published in a newspaper with a brief biography.
"The newspaper published an obituary for the famous writer."
arousing distaste or opposition; unpleasant or offensive
"His objectionable behavior made everyone uncomfortable."
a person who expresses opposition or disapproval to something
"The objector raised his concerns during the town meeting."
Required by law, rule, or custom; mandatory.
"Wearing a helmet is obligatory when riding a motorcycle."
Willing to help or do favors; accommodating.
"The staff at the hotel were very obliging and friendly."
Not explicit or direct in addressing a point; slanting or indirect.
"She made an oblique reference to his past mistakes."
To completely destroy, remove, or wipe out.
"The town was obliterated by the powerful earthquake."
The state of being completely forgotten or unknown; the state of being unconscious or unaware.
"The ancient city fell into oblivion after the empire collapsed."
Not aware of or concerned about what is happening around one.
"He was oblivious to the danger approaching him."
Extremely unpleasant, offensive, or annoying.
"The obnoxious behavior of the guest ruined the party."
The practice of following a custom, rule, or religious law.
"The festival is held in observance of a centuries-old tradition."
Quick to notice details or attentive to rules and customs.
"She is very observant and rarely misses any detail."
A building equipped for observing astronomical or meteorological events.
"The observatory is open to the public on weekends."
To preoccupy or fill the mind of someone continually and to an excessive degree.
"She tends to obsess over small details."
Relating to or characterized by an obsession; thinking about something too much.
"He has an obsessive interest in cleanliness."
The state of being no longer useful or in fashion; becoming outdated.
"The rapid obsolescence of smartphones makes people upgrade frequently."
No longer in use or out of date.
"Floppy disks are now completely obsolete."
A doctor specializing in pregnancy, childbirth, and women's reproductive health.
"The obstetrician monitored the mother’s health throughout the pregnancy."
Refusing to change one’s opinion or behavior despite persuasion.
"The child was obstinate about not eating vegetables."
To block or prevent movement, progress, or action.
"A fallen tree obstructed the road."
Something that blocks or gets in the way; the action of obstructing.
"There was an obstruction on the railway track."
deliberately creating difficulties or preventing progress; hindering or blocking something
"The obstructive policies hindered economic growth."
slow to understand; annoyingly insensitive; also refers to an angle greater than 90° and less than 180°
"He was too obtuse to realize the insult."
Relating to mysterious, supernatural, or magical powers and practices.
"She had always been fascinated by the occult and its hidden knowledge."
An incident, event, or something that happens.
"The occurrence of such storms is rare in this region."
The ongoing decrease in the pH of the Earth's oceans, caused by the absorption of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere.
"Ocean acidification is caused by atmospheric CO2 absorption."
