CEFR Level
without foundation or justification; baseless
"His accusations against her were completely groundless."
A small group of trees growing close together.
"They walked through the orange grove."
To make a low, guttural sound, often in anger (by animals or humans).
"The dog growled at the stranger."
A persistent feeling of ill will or resentment from a past insult or injury.
"She still holds a grudge against him for what happened years ago."
Reluctant or unwilling; given or allowed only with hesitation.
"She gave him a grudging smile after the argument."
Extremely tiring and demanding.
"The athletes faced a grueling training session."
Causing horror or disgust.
"The police discovered a gruesome crime scene."
to make a low, rough sound, often when exerting effort or expressing annoyance
"He grunted as he lifted the heavy box."
Cautious and careful in speech or action, often to avoid giving too much away.
"He gave a guarded reply to the journalist."
a member of a small independent group taking part in irregular fighting, typically against larger forces
"The guerrilla fighters used ambushes to attack enemy positions."
An external form, appearance, or manner of presentation, often hiding the true nature
"He approached in the guise of a friend."
A seabird with long wings and usually white and gray feathers; as a verb, to deceive or trick someone.
"The fisherman watched the gulls circle above the boat."
Easily deceived or tricked.
"She was so gullible that she believed every rumor."
explosive powder used in guns and fireworks
"Gunpowder was invented in ancient China."
to flow out suddenly and forcefully, or to express something enthusiastically
"Tears began to gush from her eyes."
a sudden strong rush of wind or air
"A sudden gust of wind blew the papers away."
great enjoyment, energy, or enthusiasm in doing something
"She sang the song with great gusto."
characterized by strong, sudden bursts of wind
"It was a cold, gusty day by the sea."
the branch of medicine dealing with women's reproductive health
"She decided to specialize in gynecology after medical school."
Suitable to live in; capable of sustaining life.
"Scientists are searching for habitable planets beyond our solar system."
Done or doing constantly or as a habit; customary.
"He was a habitual latecomer to class."
Used too often and therefore lacking originality or freshness.
"The speech was filled with hackneyed phrases that failed to inspire the audience."
Looking exhausted, unwell, or worn out, especially from fatigue or suffering.
"After working all night, she looked pale and haggard."
To argue persistently, especially about the price of something.
"They spent hours haggling over the price of the car."
a violent storm with hail falling from the sky
"The hailstorm damaged many cars in the parking lot."
a person whose job is to cut and style hair; barber or hairdresser
"The haircutter gave me a neat and stylish haircut."
a typical characteristic or feature of someone or something
"Honesty is the hallmark of a good leader."
regarded as holy or greatly respected
"They walked across the hallowed halls of the old university."
to see, hear, or sense things that are not actually present, often due to illness or drugs
"After taking the medicine, he began to hallucinate strange shapes."
a false perception of objects or events, usually caused by mental illness or drugs
"After the medication, he began to experience vivid hallucinations."
slow and hesitant, especially due to lack of confidence
"She gave a halting reply during the interview."
a small rural settlement, smaller than a village; a small community
"The tiny hamlet nestled in the valley had only a dozen houses and one small church."
to prevent or slow down the progress of something; also, a basket with a lid, typically for laundry.
"Heavy rain hampered the construction work."
a large building with extensive floor area, typically for housing aircraft; an aircraft shelter
"The airplane was stored safely in the hangar during the severe thunderstorm."
a shaped piece of wood, plastic, or metal with a hook at the top, used to hang up clothes
"She hung her dress on a wooden hanger to prevent it from getting wrinkled."
lacking any obvious order or organization; random
"The books were stacked in a haphazard way on the table."
unfortunate, unlucky, deserving pity
"The hapless traveler lost his passport on the very first day."
cheerfully unconcerned about the future; carefree
"She has a happy-go-lucky attitude and never worries about tomorrow."
showing no kindness or sympathy; cruel
"The landlord was hard-hearted and refused to help the poor family."
Strong, robust, and capable of enduring difficult conditions.
"Hardy plants can survive the harsh winter."
The process of making things compatible or consistent with one another.
"The harmonization of different policies ensures consistent results."
To dwell on or complain about something persistently.
"He kept harping on the same mistake over and over."
extremely distressing or upsetting
"It was a harrowing experience to witness the accident."
To move or act quickly; to cause something to happen sooner.
"He hastened to finish his work before the deadline."
in a hurried or rushed manner; quickly and carelessly
"She hastily packed her bags before leaving for the airport."
causing or deserving hatred; extremely unpleasant or offensive
"His hateful comments hurt everyone's feelings."
arrogantly superior and disdainful
"She gave him a haughty look and walked away."
to pull or drag something heavy with effort
"The workers hauled the boxes into the truck."
a safe place or shelter
"The library became a haven for students during exams."
widespread destruction or disorder
"The storm caused havoc in the coastal villages."
