CEFR Level
A short portion taken from a text, film, or piece of music.
"The teacher read an excerpt from the novel."
An amount of physical pressure or stress that is more than what is normal or acceptable.
"Excessive strain on fingers can cause musculoskeletal issues."
to cut out or remove completely, often by surgery
"The surgeon excised the tumor successfully."
easily excited or emotionally aroused
"The child was excitable and laughed at every small thing."
to eliminate waste matter from the body
"Humans excrete carbon dioxide through breathing."
the process of eliminating waste matter from the body
"Excretion is vital for maintaining a healthy body."
causing extreme physical or mental pain
"She was in excruciating pain after the accident."
Able to be forgiven or justified.
"Her mistake was excusable given the circumstances."
A person who carries out a death sentence by execution.
"The executioner prepared the gallows for the condemned prisoner."
A person appointed to carry out the terms of someone's will after their death.
"The executor managed the estate according to the deceased’s wishes."
Serving as a desirable model; representing the best of its kind.
"The soldier showed exemplary courage during the battle."
To illustrate or clarify by giving an example.
"Her actions exemplify the true spirit of generosity."
Free from an obligation or liability imposed on others.
"Students with high grades are exempt from the final exam."
the application of effort; vigorous action
"After so much exertion, she needed to rest."
The action of breathing out.
"Slow exhalation calms the nervous system."
Fully comprehensive and including all possibilities.
"The report provides an exhaustive analysis of the issue."
feeling very happy, animated, or elated
"She felt exhilarated after finishing the marathon."
Making someone feel very excited, happy, or thrilled.
"Skydiving was the most exhilarating experience of his life."
A feeling of excitement, happiness, or elation.
"The feeling of exhilaration after a roller-coaster ride is amazing."
the state of being forced to live in a foreign country, often for political reasons
"After the coup, the former leader was forced into exile."
Relating to human existence, often concerning meaning or purpose of life.
"She went through an existential crisis during her midlife."
A mass departure of people from a place.
"There was a sudden exodus of workers after the strike began."
To clear someone from blame or accusation.
"The court exonerated her from all charges."
A planet that orbits a star outside the solar system.
"Astronomers have discovered thousands of exoplanets in the last decade."
Unreasonably high or excessive, especially in cost or amount.
"They charged an exorbitant fee for a simple service."
a wide, open area of land, sea, or sky
"The desert is a vast expanse of sand and rock."
covering a wide area or having a wide range of ideas or emotions
"They enjoyed the expansive view from the hilltop."
a person who lives outside their native country
"Many expatriates gather in the city’s international community."
the state of expecting something; anticipation or likelihood
"There was a sense of expectancy in the room before the results were announced."
suitable or convenient for achieving a particular end, sometimes at the expense of morality
"It was expedient to take the shortcut despite the risks."
to make a process or action happen more quickly
"The company promised to expedite the delivery of the package."
to use up or spend resources such as time, money, or energy
"She expended a lot of energy preparing for the presentation."
In a way that is based on or derived from experiment and observation rather than theory.
"Bose demonstrated findings experimentally."
The process of performing a scientific procedure to make a discovery, test a hypothesis, or demonstrate a known fact.
"Experimentation leads to groundbreaking products."
making use of a situation or people unfairly and unethically for one's own advantage
"The workers protested against the exploitative practices of the factory."
a person who supports, promotes, or explains an idea; in math, a symbol denoting power
"She is a leading exponent of modern dance."
Rapid growth or dramatic progress within a specific time
"The tech industry has seen exponential growth in recent years."
At a rapidly increasing rate; growing or expanding very quickly and intensely.
"Internet adoption is growing exponentially worldwide."
a detailed explanation or a large public exhibition
"The scientist gave a clear exposition of the theory."
to present and explain in detail
"The professor expounded the theory in simple terms."
The act of forcing someone to leave a place, especially a school or country.
"His constant misbehavior led to his expulsion from school."
Extremely beautiful, delicate, or finely made.
"The bride wore an exquisite gown made of silk."
serving to make a fault or an offense seem less serious
"She asked for leniency due to extenuating circumstances."
A side effect or consequence of an industrial or commercial activity.
"Pollution is a negative externality of industrialization."
to put out a fire, light, or to end something
"The firefighters managed to extinguish the blaze within an hour."
to praise enthusiastically and highly
"The teacher extolled the student's dedication and hard work."
to obtain something, especially money, by force, threats, or unfair means
"The gang attempted to extort money from local shopkeepers."
the practice of obtaining something, especially money, through force or threats
"The businessman was arrested for extortion after threatening his partner."
the act of removing something, especially by pulling it out
"The extraction of oil from the ground requires special equipment."
to hand over a person accused or convicted of a crime to another country or state
"The government agreed to extradite the fugitive to his home country."
