CEFR Level
a particular attitude or way of considering a matter
"From his viewpoint, the situation was hopeless."
Strong, healthy, and full of energy; involving forceful action.
"He gave a vigorous speech that inspired the audience."
physical strength and good health; effort, energy, and enthusiasm
"She approached her work with renewed vigour after the vacation."
a climbing or trailing plant with long stems; a plant that produces grapes
"The vine climbed up the wall and covered it with green leaves."
Relating to high quality from the past; classic; also the year of a wine harvest.
"She wore a vintage dress from the 1950s."
to break or fail to comply with a rule, law, or agreement
"He was arrested for violating traffic laws."
The act of breaking or disregarding a law, rule, or agreement.
"Driving without a license is a violation of the law."
existing or simulated on a computer or online rather than physically; almost but not exactly the same as
"The company held a virtual meeting with employees worldwide."
An online learning environment where teachers and students interact via digital platforms.
"Virtual classrooms enable remote learning for students worldwide."
Computer technology that creates an artificial three-dimensional environment where users can feel like they are in a real environment.
"Virtual reality (VR) is widely used in gaming and training simulations."
almost or nearly, but not completely; by means of computer technology
"The meeting was held virtually due to travel restrictions."
High moral standards or a good quality considered morally good.
"Patience is considered a great virtue."
Having or showing high moral standards.
"She is known as a virtuous woman who helps the poor."
The state of being able to see or be seen; exposure or prominence.
"Increased visibility on social media can help businesses grow."
To form a mental image of something; to imagine.
"She tried to visualize her success before the big presentation."
essential or necessary for life or success
"It's vital to stay hydrated during the summer."
Essential assets or supplies that are crucial for survival and development.
"Water is one of Bangladesh's vital resources."
producing strong, clear, and detailed images in the mind; strikingly bright or intense
"She gave a vivid description of her childhood home."
expressing opinions or feelings freely and loudly; relating to the voice
"She was very vocal about her dissatisfaction."
The discharge of lava, ash, and gases from a volcano.
"The volcanic eruption covered the town in ash."
done willingly and without being forced
"She does a lot of voluntary work for local charities."
A nonprofit group of people who offer their services willingly without payment for a cause.
"BD Clean is a volunteer organization promoting recycling."
to bring up food from the stomach through the mouth; to be sick
"The patient began to vomit after taking the medication."
a solemn promise or assertion, typically one made publicly
"They took a vow to always support each other."
lacking sophistication or good taste; crude or offensive
"His jokes were considered vulgar by the audience."
the quality of being easily harmed or attacked
"The vulnerability of the system was exposed during the cyberattack."
susceptible to physical or emotional harm
"Children are often the most vulnerable in times of crisis."
as noun: a crisp cake with a pattern of deep squares; as verb: to speak or write vaguely without making a clear decision
"He kept waffling instead of making a decision."
awake and conscious; relating to the time when one is awake
"She spent her waking hours studying for the exam."
an edible nut with a hard shell and a wrinkled appearance
"I love to eat walnuts with honey for breakfast."
a person who travels aimlessly; someone who roams from place to place
"The wanderer explored different countries without a fixed destination."
Lacking or deficient in quality or quantity.
"His explanation was wanting in clarity."
A separate room in a hospital for patients; also a division of a city or a person under guardianship.
"She was admitted to the children's ward."
a large building where goods are stored before being sold or distributed
"The company stores all its products in a big warehouse."
engagement in or the activities involved in war
"The country prepared for the possibility of total warfare."
in a warm manner; with warmth; cordially; affectionately
"She welcomed the guests warmly at the door."
the quality or state of being warm in temperature or feeling
"She felt the warmth of the sun on her face."
A written guarantee given by a manufacturer or seller promising to repair or replace a product if necessary within a specified period.
"The laptop comes with a two-year warranty."
a person engaged or experienced in warfare; a brave or experienced fighter
"The ancient warrior fought fearlessly to protect his land."
a person whose job is to wash clothes and linens for others
"The washer man collected dirty clothes from every household in the village."
a flying insect with a yellow and black striped body and a painful sting
"The wasp stung me when I disturbed its nest."
a person employed to guard or watch over a building or area, especially at night
"The watchman patrols the factory every hour to ensure security."
a container used for storing or carrying water
"The water pot in the kitchen was filled with fresh drinking water."
A device that removes contaminants and impurities from water to make it safe for drinking
"We installed a water purifier in our kitchen to ensure clean drinking water."
to increase gradually in size, number, strength, or intensity
"The moon will wax until it becomes full."
a cylinder of wax with a wick through it that burns to give light
"We lit a wax candle during the power outage."
to make or become less strong or powerful
"The long illness weakened his body."
Electronic devices that can be worn on the body, typically incorporating smart technology for monitoring health or providing information.
"Wearable devices help monitor heart rate and physical activity."
feeling or showing extreme tiredness, especially as a result of exertion or lack of sleep
"After the long journey, she felt weary and wanted to rest."
to make cloth by interlacing threads or to combine elements into a whole
"She weaves beautiful patterns on her loom."
