to learn by making mistakes or through difficult experiences
учиться на ошибках или через трудные переживания (uchitsya na oshibkakh ili cherez trudnye perezhivaniya)
"He learned the hard way that honesty is the best policy."
"Он научился трудным путем, что честность — лучшая политика." (On **nauchilsya trudnym putyom**, chto chestnost' — luchshaya politika.)
used to introduce an opinion that may or may not be useful
in a position of leadership or control
to be tough in making a deal or negotiation
to motivate or encourage a group to take action
to betray or sacrifice someone to save yourself
to start fresh or make a new beginning
