CEFR Level
a substance that causes blood or another liquid to clot
"The doctor applied a coagulant to stop the bleeding quickly."
to cause a liquid, especially blood, to change into a solid or semi-solid state
"The blood quickly coagulated after the cut."
the process of coming together to form a single whole
"The coalescence of different cultures created a rich and diverse society."
a rosette or knot of ribbon, usually worn on a hat as a badge of office or party
"The soldier wore a red cockade on his cap."
a tropical plant with bright, velvety flowers that resemble a rooster's comb
"The bright red cockscomb flowers added vibrant color to the garden bed."
the concluding passage of a piece of music or a literary work
"The novel ends with a reflective coda that ties up the themes."
to treat someone with excessive care or kindness, often in a way that is overprotective
"Parents should support their children without coddling them."
a legal document that makes changes or additions to an existing will
"He added a codicil to his will to include his granddaughter."
Having the same age, date of origin, or duration; contemporary.
"The philosopher was coeval with the rise of modern science."
A strongbox or small chest for holding valuables, often used metaphorically for funds or financial reserves.
"The city's coffers were drained after the costly project."
Clear, logical, and convincing.
"The lawyer presented a cogent argument that persuaded the jury."
to think deeply about something; to meditate or reflect
"He sat by the river to cogitate on his future plans."
Deep thought; contemplation or meditation.
"After much cogitation, he decided to change his career path."
a word related to another word in origin; having the same linguistic root
"The Spanish word 'madre' and the English word 'mother' are cognates."
knowledge, awareness, or notice
"The court took cognizance of the complaint."
A family name or surname; an additional name or nickname.
"His cognomen became widely known in literary circles."
To stick together; to be united logically or physically.
"The ideas in his essay cohere well."
A person's hairstyle, typically an elaborate one.
"Her elegant coiffure impressed everyone at the party."
the act of collecting, comparing, and arranging in proper order
"The librarian spent hours on the collation of old manuscripts."
a student of a college
"The collegians were preparing for the cultural festival."
a person who works in coal mines or a ship carrying coal
"The collier spent long hours underground extracting coal."
A formal conversation or dialogue, often on serious or academic topics.
"The professors engaged in a deep colloquy about the future of education."
A row of evenly spaced columns supporting a roof, often in classical architecture.
"The visitors admired the grand colonnade at the entrance of the temple."
A person or thing of enormous size, importance, or ability.
"Einstein was a colossus in the world of science."
Playful, energetic, and not fully mature or disciplined.
"The coltish boy ran around the field without a care."
In a state of deep unconsciousness, resembling or related to coma.
"The comatose patient was kept under constant observation."
Capable of catching fire and burning easily.
"Dry leaves are highly combustible."
Attractive or pleasant in appearance.
"The actress was known for her comely features."
An item of food that can be eaten.
"The picnic basket was full of delicious comestibles."
A deserved punishment or fate; just deserts.
"The corrupt official finally got his comeuppance in court."
Courtesy and considerate behavior towards others; mutual respect.
"The meeting was conducted with comity and respect."
To take control or possession of something, often by force or authority.
"The soldiers commandeered the villagers’ homes during the war."
corresponding in size, degree, or extent; proportionate
"Salary will be commensurate with experience."
To mix or blend different things together.
"The charity does not commingle donations with operational funds."
To express sympathy or pity for someone.
"Friends came to commiserate with her after the loss."
A department responsible for supplying food and equipment, especially in the military.
"The army commissariat ensured that the soldiers had enough supplies."
The transformation of goods, services, ideas, or other entities that may not normally be considered goods into market goods.
"The commodification of natural resources threatens biodiversity."
spacious and comfortable; having plenty of room
"They rented a commodious apartment in the city."
based on or showing sound practical judgment; sensible
"It was commonsensical to carry an umbrella on a rainy day."
A collection of concise but detailed information about a subject.
"The book is a compendium of ancient myths and legends."
a feeling of quiet pleasure or self-satisfaction, often without awareness of potential danger
"His complacence prevented him from noticing the risks."
willingness to please others; courteous compliance
"Her complaisance made her popular among her colleagues."
willing to please others or to accept what they do or say without protest
"He was too complaisant to refuse their demands."
to behave or conduct oneself in a particular way
"She comported herself with grace during the ceremony."
a person who arranges type for printing or creates musical compositions
"The compositor carefully arranged the text for the newspaper."
Capable of being compressed or reduced in volume.
"Air is a compressible substance, unlike water."
A feeling of guilt or moral scruple that prevents or follows wrongdoing.
"She felt no compunction about lying to protect her friend."
Digital exchange and automated interaction; the use of computational methods and systems to facilitate communication and information sharing.
"Computational communication is reshaping how we share information."
To link things together in a series or chain.
"The program concatenates two strings into one."
The process of forming a concept or idea; the process of developing something in the mind.
"The conceptualization of renewable cities is groundbreaking."
