CEFR Level
The quality or state of being regular or recurring at intervals.
"The periodicity of the moon’s phases has fascinated humans for centuries."
Traveling from place to place, especially for work or based on lifestyle.
"He led a peripatetic life as a traveling teacher."
The concluding part of a speech, often intended to inspire or persuade.
"The politician's peroration left the audience applauding enthusiastically."
Permanence, eternity, continuity.
"The contract ensures payments in perpetuity."
a special privilege or benefit attached to a position or job
"A company car is one of the perquisites of the job."
a legal right to certain benefits or privileges associated with a job or office
"The judge enjoyed certain perquisite rights attached to his position."
light and slightly contemptuous mockery or banter
"Their conversation was full of persiflage and jokes."
Having a ready insight into and understanding of things.
"The perspicacious student quickly understood the complex problem."
The quality of having a ready insight into things; shrewdness.
"Her perspicacity in analyzing complex issues impressed everyone."
Clarity and ease in speech or writing; the quality of being clearly expressed.
"The perspicuity of his lecture made it easy for students to understand complex topics."
Clearly expressed and easily understood; lucid.
"The teacher gave a perspicuous explanation of the theory."
holding firmly to an opinion, purpose, or course of action; stubbornly persistent
"The pertinacious lawyer refused to give up the case."
The quality of being stubbornly persistent or resolute in purpose.
"Her pertinacity in pursuing justice inspired everyone around her."
A state of anxiety, disturbance, or disorder.
"The announcement caused a perturbation in the financial markets."
A deadly or virulent epidemic disease that spreads rapidly.
"The medieval city was devastated by a pestilence."
Relating to or causing pestilence; very harmful, troublesome, or dangerous.
"The pestilential smell of the garbage filled the street."
a description or representation of rocks, especially in detailed scientific writing
"The scientist studied the petrograph to understand the rock composition."
Having a fantastic, dreamlike, or surreal appearance, often shifting or illusory.
"The movie created a phantasmagorical vision of another world."
Excessively concerned with formal rules or outward show of morality, often in a hypocritical way.
"His pharisaical behavior made people doubt his sincerity."
An official book listing medicinal drugs, their effects, and directions for use.
"The doctor referred to the pharmacopoeia to check the drug's proper dosage."
a man who habitually engages in casual romantic or sexual affairs
"The politician was exposed as a notorious philanderer."
a person who collects or studies postage stamps
"The philatelist spent years building a rare stamp collection."
a person who is indifferent or hostile to culture and the arts
"He was criticized as a philistine for dismissing modern art."
a person who loves or admires women
"As a known philogynist, he advocated for women's education."
a person who studies languages and their history
"The philologist analyzed ancient texts to understand language evolution."
to think or talk about the fundamental nature of knowledge, reality, and existence
"He likes to philosophize about life and its meaning."
having an unemotional and stolidly calm disposition
"Despite the chaos, he remained phlegmatic and composed."
the property of emitting light without noticeable heat
"The deep-sea creatures displayed a beautiful phosphorescence."