CEFR Level
The intention or desire to do evil or cause harm.
"She bore no malice towards her former friend."
Characterized by malice; intending or intended to do harm.
"The hackers launched a malicious attack on the company’s system."
dangerous or harmful in influence or effect; medically, tending to invade and destroy tissue
"Doctors confirmed that the tumor was malignant."
Easily shaped or influenced; capable of being bent or adapted.
"Gold is a highly malleable metal used in jewelry."
A tool with a large, usually wooden head, used for hitting something without damaging it.
"He used a mallet to drive the chisel into the wood."
Lack of proper nutrition, caused by not having enough to eat, not eating enough of the right things, or being unable to use the food that one does eat.
"Children in poverty-stricken areas suffer from malnourishment."
Lack of proper nutrition; poor nourishment
"Malnutrition among children is a serious public health concern."
Improper, illegal, or negligent professional behavior
"The surgeon was sued for malpractice after the failed operation."
an official order or command; to give someone authority to act in a certain way
"The government issued a mandate to reduce carbon emissions."
the long hair growing on the neck of a horse, lion, or other animal
"The lion shook its thick mane proudly."
A coastal forest ecosystem characterized by salt-tolerant trees and shrubs that grow in intertidal zones.
"Sundarbans is the world's largest mangrove forest."
an extreme enthusiasm or obsession; a mental illness marked by excitement
"There was a mania for collecting rare stamps."
a person who behaves in a wildly foolish, dangerous, or violent way
"The driver was speeding like a maniac."
an event, action, or object that clearly shows or embodies something
"His sudden anger was a manifestation of his stress."
a public declaration of policy and aims, especially by a political party
"The party released its manifesto before the election."
many and various; having many different forms
"The benefits of exercise are manifold."
having qualities traditionally associated with men; brave; courageous
"He showed manly courage during the crisis."
a life-sized model of a human figure used by shops to display clothes
"The mannequin in the shop window was dressed in a red gown."
Having or showing a particular manner, especially an artificial or affected one.
"The actor’s performance was too mannered to feel natural."
A habitual way of speaking or behaving; a distinctive personal trait.
"One of his funny mannerisms is scratching his head when he’s nervous."
A large country house with lands; the main house of an estate.
"The old manor stood proudly on the hill for centuries."
A cloak or covering; also the layer of the earth between the crust and the core.
"The leader assumed the mantle of responsibility."
Animal dung used for fertilizing land; organic matter used as fertilizer.
"Organic manure enhances soil fertility."
a handwritten or typed document, especially a writer’s draft before publication
"The author submitted her manuscript to the publisher."
Relating to or at the edge; small or insignificant in amount or importance.
"He made only a marginal improvement in his grades."
The treatment of a person, group, or concept as insignificant or peripheral.
"Economic policies should address the marginalization of the poor."
To treat a person or group as unimportant or insignificant.
"The policy marginalized minority communities."
People who are treated as insignificant or peripheral to society, often excluded from mainstream social, economic, or political activities.
"Marginalized individuals often face severe challenges."
a bright orange or yellow flower of the daisy family, often used in gardens and ceremonies
"The vibrant marigold flowers added a splash of color to the festival decorations."
A systematic examination of the sea, seabed, and underwater features for the purpose of making maps or gathering other information.
"The marine survey identified the ideal cable routes."
Relating to marriage or the relationship between husband and wife.
"They sought counseling to resolve their marital issues."
connected with the sea, especially in relation to seafaring, shipping, or naval matters
"The city has a long maritime history."
A measure of the amount of sales or adoption of a product or service compared to the total theoretical market for that product or service.
"High market penetration ensures competitive dominance."
The possibility of commercial success for a product or service
"The new product's marketability depends on consumer demand."
to leave someone trapped and isolated, especially on an island
"The sailors were marooned on a deserted island."
to spoil or damage the quality or appearance of something
"The celebration was marred by bad weather."
a soft fatty substance in the cavities of bones, producing blood cells
"Bone marrow is vital for the production of red blood cells."
An area of low-lying, waterlogged land, often dominated by grasses and reeds.
"The birds nested in the marsh during spring."
To arrange or organize people, events, or resources in an orderly way.
"The teacher marshaled the students for the field trip."
A type of mammal that carries and nourishes its young in a pouch, like kangaroos and koalas.
"The kangaroo is a well-known marsupial."
Related to war, soldiers, or military life.
"The country imposed martial law during the crisis."
Related to the planet Mars; or an imaginary being from Mars.
"The movie showed a Martian visiting Earth."
A person who suffers or dies for their beliefs or cause.
"He was hailed as a martyr for defending his faith."
The suffering or death of a martyr.
"His martyrdom inspired many to fight for justice."
