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B1 adjective /ˈvælɪd/

Valid

valide; acceptable légalement ou officiellement
Meaning
legally or officially acceptable; having a sound basis in logic or fact
Example
The passport is valid for ten years.
Le passeport est valide pour dix ans.
A1 adjective ˈdɪfɪkəlt

difficult

difficile
Meaning
Needing much effort or skill to accomplish, deal with, or understand; hard.
Example
Managing urban challenges has become increasingly difficult.
Gérer les défis urbains devient de plus en plus difficile.
C1 adjective /ˈɪmpətənt/

impotent

impotent
Meaning
Lacking power, ability, or strength to take effective action.
Example
The citizens felt impotent against the corrupt system.
Les citoyens se sont sentis impuissants face au système corrompu.
C2 noun /ˈæpəˌsteɪt/

apostate

apostat
Meaning
A person who renounces a religious or political belief or principle.
Example
He was labeled an apostate after abandoning the faith of his community.
Il a été étiqueté comme apostat après avoir abandonné la foi de sa communauté.
B2 noun /ˈvɜː.tʃu.əl riˈæl.ɪ.ti/

virtual reality

réalité virtuelle
Meaning
Computer technology that creates an artificial three-dimensional environment where users can feel like they are in a real environment.
Example
Virtual reality (VR) is widely used in gaming and training simulations.
La réalité virtuelle (VR) est largement utilisée dans les jeux et les simulations de formation.
A2 noun /ˌen.təˈteɪn.mənt/

Entertainment

divertissement
Meaning
the action of providing or being provided with amusement or enjoyment
Example
The concert provided excellent entertainment for the entire family.
Le concert a offert un excellent divertissement pour toute la famille.
B2 adjective /ˌɪnsəˈfɪʃənt/

insufficient

insuffisant
Meaning
Not enough; inadequate.
Example
His explanation was insufficient to clear the confusion.
Son explication était insuffisante pour clarifier la confusion.
B2 adverb /ˈneɪmli/

Namely

à savoir; spécifiquement;
Meaning
that is to say; specifically; to be precise
Example
Three cities, namely Paris, London, and Rome, were visited.
Trois villes, à savoir Paris, Londres et Rome, ont été visitées.
C2 adjective /baɪˈɛniəl/

biennial

biannuel
Meaning
happening every two years
Example
The biennial festival attracts thousands of visitors.
Le festival biannuel attire des milliers de visiteurs.
C1 noun /tʃæmp/

champ

champion / gagnant
Meaning
an informal word for champion or winner.
Example
He is the new champ of the boxing tournament.
Il est le nouveau champion du tournoi de boxe.
A2 noun /laɪt bʌlb/

Light bulb

ampoule
Meaning
a glass or plastic container that produces light when electricity passes through it
Example
The light bulb in the kitchen needs to be replaced.
L'ampoule de la cuisine doit être remplacée.
B2 noun /ˌɑb.lɪˈɡeɪ.ʃən/

Obligation

obligation
Meaning
a duty or commitment; something that must be done legally or morally
Example
Parents have an obligation to care for their children.
Les parents ont l'obligation de prendre soin de leurs enfants.
B2 noun ɔːˈɡæn.ɪk fuːdz

organic foods

aliments biologiques
Meaning
Food produced without the use of chemicals such as artificial pesticides, fertilizers, or other artificial agents.
Example
Organic foods are healthier than processed foods.
Les aliments biologiques sont plus sains que les aliments transformés.
C2 noun /ˈbiːlaɪn/

beeline

ligne droite
Meaning
a straight, direct route to a destination
Example
He made a beeline for the food table as soon as he entered the party.
Il a fait une ligne droite vers la table de nourriture dès qu'il est entré à la fête.
A2 noun /jɑːrd/

Yard

cour; jardin; terrain autour d'une maison
Meaning
a unit of linear measure equal to 3 feet; an area of land immediately adjacent to a building
Example
The children played in the back yard.
Les enfants ont joué dans le jardin arrière.
B2 noun /ˌɪnəˈbɪləti/

inability

incapacité
Meaning
the state of being unable to do something
Example
His inability to make decisions affected his career.
Son incapacité à prendre des décisions a affecté sa carrière.
B1 adjective ɪɡˈzɪs.tɪŋ

existing

existant
Meaning
In existence; present; current.
Example
The commission reviews existing provisions.
La commission examine les dispositions existantes.
C1 verb /pərˈplɛks/

perplex

déconcerter / embrouiller
Meaning
To confuse or puzzle someone.
Example
The complex instructions perplexed the students.
Les instructions complexes ont déconcerté les étudiants.
A2 noun /ˈpoʊst ˌɒfɪs/

post office

bureau de poste
Meaning
a public building or agency where mail is sent, received, and other postal services are provided
Example
I went to the post office to mail a package.
Je suis allé au bureau de poste pour envoyer un colis.
C2 noun /ˈkɪzmɛt/

kismet

destin
Meaning
Destiny or fate.
Example
Meeting her on that day felt like pure kismet.
La rencontrer ce jour-là a ressemblé à un pur destin.
A2 noun (plural) /ædz/

ads

publicités
Meaning
short for advertisements; promotional messages intended to sell products or services
Example
I often skip ads when watching videos online.
Je saute souvent les publicités quand je regarde des vidéos en ligne.
B2 noun /ˈdraɪv.weɪ/

driveway

allée privée
Meaning
a short private road leading from a street to a house or garage
Example
The car was parked in the driveway next to the garden.
La voiture était garée dans l'allée privée près du jardin.
C1 adjective /ˈfleɪɡrənt/

flagrant

flagrant et clairement erroné
Meaning
shockingly noticeable or evident; glaringly wrong
Example
It was a flagrant violation of the rules.
C'était une violation évidente des règles.
C2 noun /ˌmɪsˈruːl/

misrule

mauvaise gouvernance
Meaning
bad or poor governance
Example
The kingdom suffered for decades under misrule.
Le royaume a souffert pendant des décennies sous la mauvaise gouvernance.
B2 noun /strɪp/

Strip

une longue et étroite bande de tissu, papier, plastique ou autre matériau
Meaning
a long narrow piece of cloth, paper, plastic, or other material
Example
She tore a strip of paper from the notebook.
Elle a arraché une bande de papier du cahier.
C2 noun /ˈlæŋɡər/

languor

langueur
Meaning
A state of tiredness, inertia, or dreamy relaxation.
Example
The hot afternoon filled her with languor.
L'après-midi chaud l'a remplie de langueur.
A2 verb /əˈfɔːrd/

afford

se permettre
Meaning
to have enough money to buy; to be able to spare
Example
I can't afford a new car right now.
Je ne peux pas me permettre d'acheter une nouvelle voiture maintenant.
B1 noun /pəˈpaɪə/

Papaya

papaye
Meaning
a large orange tropical fruit with sweet orange flesh and black seeds
Example
Papaya is rich in vitamins and very good for health.
La papaye est riche en vitamines et très bonne pour la santé.
B2 noun /ˈlæv.ən.dər/

Lavender

lavande
Meaning
a fragrant purple flowering plant used in perfumes and aromatherapy
Example
The lavender field filled the air with its sweet, calming fragrance.
Le champ de lavande a rempli l'air de son parfum sucré et apaisant.
B2 adverb /ˈæŋkʃəsli/

anxiously

anxieusement
Meaning
in a worried, nervous, or uneasy manner; with anxious anticipation
Example
She waited anxiously for the exam results.
Elle attendait anxieusement les résultats de l'examen.
C2 adjective /ˈprʊəriənt/

prurient

lubrique
Meaning
having or showing an excessive interest in sexual matters
Example
The magazine was criticized for its prurient content.
Le magazine a été critiqué pour son contenu lubrique.
C2 noun, verb /ˈhæmstrɪŋ/

hamstring

tendon à l'arrière de la cuisse; en tant que verbe, rendre quelqu'un ou quelque chose inefficace ou l'empêcher de fonctionner efficacement
Meaning
a tendon at the back of the thigh; as a verb, to cripple or severely restrict the effectiveness of someone or something.
Example
Budget cuts hamstrung the organization’s plans.
Les réductions budgétaires ont affaibli les plans de l'organisation.
C2 noun /ˈɡoʊld.moʊ.hɜːr/

Goldmohur

Flamboyant
Meaning
A tropical tree with bright orange-red flowers, also known as flame tree or royal poinciana
Example
The goldmohur tree bloomed beautifully in the summer heat.
L'arbre flamboyant a fleuri magnifiquement sous la chaleur de l'été.
C2 noun /ˈplɛdʒiː/

pledgee

la personne à qui quelque chose est attribué comme garantie
Meaning
a person to whom something is pledged or given as security
Example
The bank is the pledgee of the collateral until the loan is repaid.
La banque est le créancier du bien jusqu'à ce que le prêt soit remboursé.
B1 adjective /rɪˈlɪdʒəs/

Religious

religieux; dévot; spirituel; lié à la religion;
Meaning
relating to or believing in a religion; devout; spiritual;
Example
He comes from a very religious family.
Il vient d'une famille très religieuse.
A2 noun /ˈlɜːrnər/

learner

apprenant
Meaning
a person who is acquiring knowledge or skill through study or experience
Example
She is a fast learner.
C’est une apprenante rapide.
B2 adjective /ˈwɜːrθləs/

Worthless

sans valeur; inutile; dénué de sens
Meaning
having no value; useless
Example
The old computer became worthless after the new software updates.
L'ancien ordinateur est devenu inutile après les nouvelles mises à jour du logiciel.
C2 noun /mʌsk/

Musk

musc
Meaning
a strong-smelling substance secreted by certain animals, used in perfumes and traditional medicine
Example
The perfume contained natural musk that gave it an exotic fragrance.
Le parfum contenait du musc naturel qui lui a donné un parfum exotique.
A1 preposition, adverb /bɪˈtwiːn/

between

entre
Meaning
at, into, or across the space separating two objects or regions
Example
She sat between her two friends.
Elle s'est assise entre ses deux amis.
C2 noun /ˈriːdʒənt/

regent

régent
Meaning
a person who rules in place of a monarch when the monarch is absent or too young
Example
The prince acted as regent until the king came of age.
Le prince a agi en tant que régent jusqu'à ce que le roi atteigne sa majorité.
B2 noun /əˈstɒnɪʃmənt/

astonishment

étonnement
Meaning
Great surprise or amazement.
Example
She looked at the magician with astonishment.
Elle regarda le magicien avec étonnement.
C1 phrase ˈiː.kəʊˌsɪs.təm kəˈlæps

ecosystem collapse

effondrement de l'écosystème
Meaning
The complete breakdown of an ecological system, resulting in the inability to maintain its structure and function.
Example
Unchecked deforestation can lead to ecosystem collapse.
La déforestation incontrôlée peut conduire à l'effondrement de l'écosystème.
B1 noun /ˈpɑr.dən/

Pardon

pardon; excuse;
Meaning
forgiveness; the action of forgiving or being forgiven for an error or offense
Example
I beg your pardon for interrupting the meeting.
Je vous demande pardon pour avoir interrompu la réunion.
A2 noun /ˈkænsər/

cancer

cancer
Meaning
A disease in which abnormal cells divide uncontrollably and destroy body tissue.
Example
Smoking is a leading cause of lung cancer.
Le tabagisme est une cause majeure du cancer du poumon.
B2 noun /dɪsˈɔːrdər/

disorder

trouble
Meaning
A state of confusion or lack of order; also a medical or mental condition.
Example
The protest ended in disorder when the crowd became violent.
La manifestation s'est terminée en trouble lorsque la foule est devenue violente.
C1 noun /spɛk/

speck

tache
Meaning
A very small spot, mark, or particle.
Example
There was a tiny speck of dust on the glass table.
Il y avait une petite tache de poussière sur la table en verre.
C1 noun /ˌfəʊtəʊˈsɪnθɛtɪk ɪˈfɪʃənsi/

photosynthetic efficiency

efficacité photosynthétique
Meaning
The measure of how effectively plants convert light energy into chemical energy through the process of photosynthesis, directly affecting plant growth and crop yield.
Example
Improving photosynthetic efficiency can increase crop yields.
L'amélioration de l'efficacité photosynthétique peut augmenter les rendements des cultures.
C1 adjective /ˌɔː.riˈen.təl/

Oriental

relatif aux pays de l'Asie de l'Est; oriental
Meaning
relating to the countries of East Asia; eastern
Example
The museum has a beautiful collection of oriental art.
Le musée possède une belle collection d'art oriental.
B1 noun /ˈprɛɡnənsi/

pregnancy

grossesse
Meaning
the condition of being pregnant; the period during which a woman carries a developing fetus
Example
Her pregnancy was carefully monitored by her doctor.
Sa grossesse a été soigneusement suivie par son médecin.
A1 verb /iːt/

eat

manger
Meaning
to put food in the mouth and chew and swallow it
Example
We eat dinner at 7 PM.
Nous mangeons le dîner à 19 heures.
C2 noun /dɪˈtraɪtəs/

detritus

détritus
Meaning
Waste or debris of any kind; fragments left from destruction or decay.
Example
The riverbank was covered with detritus after the flood.
Le rivage était couvert de débris après l'inondation.
B1 noun /ˈpælɪs/

palace

palais
Meaning
a large and impressive building that is the official home of a king, queen, or other ruler
Example
The royal family lives in a magnificent palace.
La famille royale vit dans un magnifique palais.
C2 noun /ɪnˈfrækʃən/

infraction

infraction
Meaning
A violation or breach of a rule, law, or agreement.
Example
The student was punished for a minor infraction of the school rules.
L'étudiant a été puni pour une infraction mineure aux règles de l'école.
C1 noun səˌfɪs.tɪˈkeɪ.ʃən

sophistication

niveau élevé de complexité ou de raffinement
Meaning
High level of complexity or refinement.
Example
The sophistication of modern AI technology is remarkable.
La sophistication de la technologie moderne de l'IA est remarquable.
A2 noun /ˈraɪ.tər/

Writer

écrivain
Meaning
a person who writes books, articles, or other written works
Example
The writer spent hours crafting the perfect sentence.
L'écrivain a passé des heures à rédiger la phrase parfaite.
C2 adjective /ˌbækəˈneɪliən/

bacchanalian

relatif à la débauche
Meaning
Characterized by or involving drunken revelry.
Example
The students threw a bacchanalian party after the exams.
Les étudiants ont organisé une fête débauchée après les examens.
B2 noun /ˈmoʊ.tɪv/

Motive

motif; raison; incitation
Meaning
a reason for doing something; what drives someone to act
Example
The police are investigating the motive for the crime.
La police enquête sur le motif du crime.
C1 verb /ˈliːɡəlaɪz/

legalize

légalisé
Meaning
To make something lawful by official approval.
Example
The government decided to legalize online businesses.
Le gouvernement a décidé de légaliser les entreprises en ligne.
A2 verb /riːˈsaɪ.kəl/

recycle

recycler
Meaning
to process used materials so they can be used again instead of being thrown away
Example
We should recycle paper and plastic to reduce waste.
Nous devrions recycler le papier et le plastique pour réduire les déchets.
B1 noun /ˈwɔːdrəʊb/

wardrobe

armoire
Meaning
A large cupboard where clothes are stored; also the collection of clothes someone owns.
Example
Her wardrobe is full of colorful dresses.
Son armoire est pleine de robes colorées.
B1 noun /nuːn/

noon

midi
Meaning
12 o'clock in the daytime; midday
Example
The meeting will start at noon.
La réunion commencera à midi.
B1 noun /blæk ˈpep.ər/

Black Pepper

poivre noir
Meaning
a hot-tasting spice made from dried peppercorns, widely used for seasoning food
Example
Season the steak with salt and freshly ground black pepper.
Assaisonnez le steak avec du sel et du poivre noir fraîchement moulu.
B2 noun ɪnˈtɛɡrɪti

integrity

intégrité
Meaning
The quality of being honest and having strong moral principles; moral uprightness.
Example
Teachers' integrity fosters a positive learning environment.
L'intégrité des enseignants favorise un environnement d'apprentissage positif.
B1 noun /ˈɔr.ə.ʒɪn/

Origin

origine
Meaning
the point or place where something begins, arises, or is derived; the source
Example
Scientists are studying the origin of the universe.
Les scientifiques étudient l'origine de l'univers.
A2 noun /fæt/

Fat

graisse
Meaning
a natural oily substance occurring in animal bodies; lipid used in cooking
Example
Too much fat in your diet can be unhealthy.
Trop de graisse dans votre alimentation peut être malsain.
B2 noun /ɡɪɡ/

gig

une performance en direct d'un musicien, groupe ou artiste; aussi un travail temporaire
Meaning
A live performance by a musician, band, or entertainer; also a temporary job.
Example
The band has a gig at the local club tonight.
Le groupe a un gig ce soir au club local.
C1 noun /ˈɜːr.θən pɒt/

Earthen pot

pot en terre cuite
Meaning
a container made of baked clay or earth, used for cooking or storing
Example
The earthen pot keeps water naturally cool in summer.
Le pot en terre cuite garde l'eau naturellement fraîche en été.
C1 noun ˈdɛtrɪ.mənt

detriment

dommage, préjudice, détriment
Meaning
Harm, damage, impairment.
Example
Smoking is a detriment to health.
Fumer est un détriment pour la santé.
C2 noun /ˈɪnsələns/

insolence

insolence
Meaning
rude or disrespectful behavior
Example
The teacher was shocked by the student's insolence.
L'enseignant a été choqué par l'insolence de l'élève.
A2 adjective /ˈleɪ.zi/

Lazy

paresseux; fainéant
Meaning
idle; unwilling to work; sluggish
Example
He was too lazy to clean his room on the weekend.
Il était trop paresseux pour nettoyer sa chambre le week-end.
C2 noun /ˈmʌstərd ɔɪl/

Mustard Oil

huile de moutarde
Meaning
oil extracted from mustard seeds, commonly used for cooking and medicinal purposes
Example
We use mustard oil for cooking vegetables in our kitchen.
Nous utilisons de l'huile de moutarde pour cuisiner des légumes dans notre cuisine.
B2 noun /ˈæftərˌlaɪf/

afterlife

l'au-delà
Meaning
Life or existence that some believe continues after physical death.
Example
Many cultures have different beliefs about the afterlife.
De nombreuses cultures ont des croyances différentes sur l'au-delà.
B2 adjective /ˈpɛti/

petty

insignifiant
Meaning
Of little importance or trivial; also describes a person overly concerned with small or unimportant matters.
Example
She often gets upset over the most petty things.
Elle se fâche souvent pour les choses les plus insignifiantes.
A1 noun /ˈsɪti/

city

ville
Meaning
a large town or an urban area with its own government
Example
Dhaka is the largest city in Bangladesh.
Paris est la plus grande ville de France.
C2 adjective /ləˈsɪviəs/

lascivious

lascif
Meaning
showing an overt and often offensive sexual desire
Example
The lascivious remarks made everyone uncomfortable.
Les remarques lascives ont mis tout le monde mal à l'aise.
B1 noun /ˈɔː.θər/

Author

auteur
Meaning
a person who writes books, articles, or other written work
Example
The author spent three years writing her bestselling novel.
L'auteur a passé trois ans à écrire son roman à succès.
C2 adjective səˈluː.bri.əs

salubrious

salubre
Meaning
Health-giving; healthy; promoting health and well-being.
Example
The mountain air is salubrious and refreshing.
L'air de la montagne est salubre et rafraîchissant.
C2 noun /ləˈdʒɪʃən/

logician

logicien
Meaning
A person skilled in logic and reasoning.
Example
Aristotle is considered one of the greatest logicians in history.
Aristote est considéré comme l'un des plus grands logiciens de l'histoire.
C1 noun /ˈɪntərˌluːd/

interlude

interlude
Meaning
A short period of time that comes between two events; an interval.
Example
There was a brief musical interlude between the two acts of the play.
Il y a eu un bref interlude musical entre les deux actes de la pièce.
B1 verb /pərˈfɔːrm/

perform

effectuer
Meaning
to carry out an action or present entertainment; to function
Example
The orchestra will perform at the concert hall tonight.
L'orchestre effectuera une performance dans la salle de concert ce soir.
C1 noun /ˈkuːdɒs/

kudos

éloges
Meaning
Praise and honor received for an achievement.
Example
She received kudos for her excellent performance.
Elle a reçu des éloges pour sa performance exceptionnelle.
C1 adjective /ˌrɛmɪˈnɪsənt/

reminiscent

évocateur
Meaning
Tending to remind one of something; suggestive of something in the past.
Example
The smell of rain is reminiscent of my childhood in the village.
L'odeur de la pluie évoque mon enfance dans le village.
B1 noun /ˈsʌp.ər/

Supper

dîner léger
Meaning
an evening meal, typically a light or informal one
Example
We usually have supper around seven o'clock.
Nous avons habituellement le dîner léger vers sept heures.
A1 noun /ˈtɛnɪs/

tennis

tennis
Meaning
a sport played with rackets and a ball on a rectangular court
Example
He enjoys playing tennis with his friends on the weekends.
Il aime jouer au tennis avec ses amis le week-end.
C1 noun /ˈpʌntʃ laɪn/

punch line

chute finale
Meaning
The final part of a joke or story that makes it funny.
Example
Everyone laughed loudly at the punch line of his joke.
Tout le monde a ri fortement à la chute finale de sa blague.
B2 adjective /ˈmɪnɪməl/

minimal

minimal
Meaning
the smallest or least amount possible
Example
The damage to the car was minimal after the accident.
Les dégâts à la voiture étaient minimes après l'accident.
C1 adjective /ˈpʊʃi/

pushy

insistant
Meaning
excessively assertive or aggressive, often annoyingly so
Example
The salesperson was too pushy, which drove customers away.
Le vendeur était trop insistant, ce qui a fait fuir les clients.
A2 noun steɪt

state

état
Meaning
A nation or territory considered as an organized political community under one government.
Example
The state declared a new language policy.
L'état a déclaré une nouvelle politique linguistique.
B2 adverb /ˈsɒftli/

softly

doucement ou calmement
Meaning
in a gentle or quiet way.
Example
She spoke softly so as not to wake the baby.
Elle parla doucement pour ne pas réveiller le bébé.
A2 noun /ˈɡraʊnd flɔːr/

ground floor

rez-de-chaussée
Meaning
the floor of a building at ground level; the starting level of an organization or activity
Example
The grocery shop is located on the ground floor of the building.
L’épicerie se trouve au rez-de-chaussée.
A2 verb /prəˈtɛkt/

protect

protéger
Meaning
To keep safe from harm or injury.
Example
Protect yourself from the negative effects of social media.
Protégez-vous des effets négatifs des médias sociaux.
C2 verb /ˈdʒɛn.juˌflɛkt/

genuflect

se prosterner en signe de révérence
Meaning
to bend one or both knees as a sign of reverence or worship
Example
The worshippers genuflect before the altar.
Les adorateurs se prosternent devant l'autel.
C1 adjective /ˌtɒpsi ˈtɜːvi/

topsy-turvy

désordonné
Meaning
in a state of confusion, disorder, or upside down
Example
The sudden announcement left the office in a topsy-turvy state.
L'annonce soudaine a laissé le bureau dans un état complètement désordonné.
C2 noun /ˈbʌt.ər fɪʃ/

Butter-fish

poisson beurre
Meaning
a small, smooth-skinned marine fish
Example
The butter-fish is popular in Bengali cuisine.
Le poisson beurre est populaire dans la cuisine bengalie.
C1 noun /ˌstætɪˈstɪʃən/

statistician

statisticien
Meaning
A person who specializes in collecting, analyzing, and interpreting numerical data.
Example
The statistician presented the survey results with great clarity.
Le statisticien a présenté les résultats du sondage avec grande clarté.
C1 noun /ɪˈpɪt.ə.mi/

epitome

un exemple parfait d'une qualité ou d'un type particulier; la meilleure représentation de quelque chose
Meaning
A perfect example of a particular quality or type; the best representation of something.
Example
She is the epitome of grace and kindness.
Elle est l'épitomé de la grâce et de la gentillesse.
B2 noun /ˈtʃæpəl/

chapel

chapelle
Meaning
A small church or a room used for Christian worship, often within a larger building.
Example
The couple got married in a small countryside chapel.
Le couple s'est marié dans une petite chapelle à la campagne.
B1 noun /ˈtreɪ.dər/

Trader

commerçant
Meaning
a person who buys and sells goods or financial securities for profit
Example
The trader made a good profit from selling imported goods.
Le commerçant a réalisé un bon profit en vendant des biens importés.
B1 verb /dɪˈliːt/

delete

supprimer
Meaning
to remove or erase something, especially written or recorded information
Example
He accidentally deleted all the files from his computer.
Il a accidentellement supprimé tous les fichiers de son ordinateur.
B1 adjective əkˈsep.tɪd

accepted

accepté
Meaning
Generally believed or recognized to be valid or correct.
Example
The accepted terms were discussed in detail.
Les termes acceptés ont été discutés en détail.
B2 noun ˌrev.əˈluː.ʃənz

revolutions

révolutions
Meaning
Dramatic and wide-reaching changes in political, social, or economic systems, often involving the overthrow of a government or social order.
Example
Revolutions often lead to significant societal changes.
Les révolutions mènent souvent à des changements sociaux importants.
C2 noun /ˈhænd ˌrɪŋɪŋ/

hand-wringing

inquiétude excessive
Meaning
excessive worry or concern expressed in a visible or dramatic way.
Example
There was much hand-wringing over the political crisis.
Il y avait beaucoup de gestes dramatiques à propos de la crise politique.
B2 noun /luːp/

Loop

boucle, anneau
Meaning
a shape produced by a curve that bends around and crosses itself
Example
The string formed a neat loop around the package.
Le fil forma une boucle propre autour du paquet.
C1 noun /ˈrem.nənt/

Remnant

reste
Meaning
a small remaining quantity of something; a piece of cloth left over after the main piece has been used
Example
Only a remnant of the ancient wall remains.
Il ne reste qu'un reste du mur ancien.
B1 noun /mæs/

mass

masse
Meaning
a large body of matter with no specific shape; a large number of people or things
Example
A huge mass of people gathered in the square.
Une grande masse de personnes s'est rassemblée sur la place.
B1 adjective /əˈmjuː.zɪŋ/

Amusing

amusant; drôle; divertissant
Meaning
causing laughter or providing entertainment; funny; enjoyable
Example
The children found the clown's performance very amusing.
Les enfants ont trouvé la performance du clown très amusante.
C1 noun, adjective /ˈpɑːrtɪzən/

partisan

partisan
Meaning
A strong supporter of a party, cause, or person; showing biased allegiance.
Example
The debate quickly turned partisan, with each side defending their own agenda.
Le débat est rapidement devenu partisan, chaque côté défendant son propre agenda.
C1 verb ɪˈluːd

elude

échapper
Meaning
Evade or escape from, typically in a skillful or cunning way; avoid being caught.
Example
The thief managed to elude the police.
Le voleur a réussi à échapper à la police.
C2 noun /ˈkjuːbeb ˈpepər/

Cubeb Pepper

poivre cubèbe
Meaning
aromatic spice with a slightly bitter taste and cooling aftertaste
Example
Cubeb pepper is used in traditional Indonesian cuisine.
Le poivre cubèbe est utilisé dans la cuisine traditionnelle indonésienne.
A2 noun /ɪˈfekt/

Effect

effet; résultat; conséquence
Meaning
a change that is a result or consequence of an action or other cause
Example
The new medicine had a positive effect on the patient's recovery.
Le nouveau médicament a eu un effet positif sur la récupération du patient.
C1 noun /dɪˈmiːnər/

demeanour

comportement
Meaning
a person's outward behavior or appearance
Example
Her calm demeanour impressed everyone during the meeting.
Son comportement calme a impressionné tout le monde lors de la réunion.
C2 adjective /ˈpʌdʒi/

pudgy

rond
Meaning
slightly fat or chubby in a way that is often cute
Example
The baby had pudgy cheeks that everyone adored.
Le bébé avait des joues rondes que tout le monde adorait.
B2 noun /taɪm/

thyme

thym
Meaning
A small aromatic herb used in cooking and medicine.
Example
She sprinkled thyme on the roasted chicken.
Elle a saupoudré du thym sur le poulet rôti.
B1 adjective /ˈdiːsənt/

decent

décent
Meaning
conforming to standards of propriety, good taste, or morality
Example
He found a decent job after months of searching.
Il a trouvé un travail décent après des mois de recherche.
B2 adjective/noun /ˈmaɪ.nər/

minor

mineur / insignifiant
Meaning
less important, serious, or significant; a person under the legal age
Example
Luckily, the accident caused only minor injuries.
Heureusement, l'accident a causé seulement des blessures mineures.
C2 adjective /rəˈʃɛrʃ/

recherche

exclusif
Meaning
Rare, exotic, or obscure, often in a sophisticated or refined way.
Example
The gallery displayed many recherche artworks from unknown artists.
La galerie a exposé de nombreuses œuvres d'art exclusives d'artistes inconnus.
B1 adverb /ˈʌðərwaɪz/

Otherwise

autrement; sinon
Meaning
in a different way; if not; or else; apart from that
Example
Study hard, otherwise you will fail the exam.
Étudie dur, sinon tu échoueras à l'examen.
C1 noun /njʊˈrɑːlədʒi/

neurology

Meaning
The branch of medicine that deals with disorders of the nervous system.
Example
She specializes in neurology and treats patients with brain diseases.
C1 noun /ɪnˈdaɪtmənt/

indictment

acte d'accusation
Meaning
a formal charge or accusation of a serious crime
Example
The indictment accused the company of multiple violations.
L'acte d'accusation a accusé l'entreprise de multiples violations.
C1 adjective ˈæl.ɡə.rɪ.ðəm drɪv.ən

algorithm-driven

piloté par algorithmes.
Meaning
Controlled or powered by computer algorithms.
Example
Algorithm-driven systems increase accuracy.
Les systèmes pilotés par des algorithmes augmentent la précision.
B2 noun /wɔːmθ/

warmth

chaleur
Meaning
the quality or state of being warm in temperature or feeling
Example
She felt the warmth of the sun on her face.
Elle ressentait la chaleur du soleil sur son visage.