patina
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C2 noun /pəˈtiːnə/

patina

un film ou une brillance sur le métal, la pierre ou le bois dû à l'âge ou à l'usage; aussi, une apparence superficielle
Meaning
a surface film or sheen on metal, stone, or wood due to age or use; also, a superficial appearance
Example
The bronze statue developed a green patina after years in the sea air.
La statue en bronze a développé une patine verte après des années passées dans l'air marin.
A2 verb /ˈpræktɪs/

practise

pratiquer
Meaning
to do something repeatedly to improve skill; to work in a profession
Example
She practises piano for two hours daily.
Elle pratique le piano pendant deux heures chaque jour.
B2 noun /ˌpiːdiəˈtrɪʃən/

pediatrician

pédiatre
Meaning
a doctor who specializes in the medical care of children
Example
The pediatrician examined the child carefully.
Le pédiatre a examiné l'enfant avec soin.
B2 noun /prəˈtɛstər/

protester

manifestant
Meaning
a person who takes part in a protest or demonstration
Example
The protester spoke passionately about the cause.
Le manifestant a parlé avec passion de la cause.
C1 noun ˈpɑː.sɪŋ

parsing

analyse de la structure de la phrase
Meaning
The process of analyzing sentence structure to understand grammatical relationships.
Example
The AI model performs parsing to understand syntax.
Le modèle IA effectue l'analyse syntaxique pour comprendre la structure des phrases.
B2 adjective /prɪˈpærəˌtɔːri/

Preparatory

préliminaire; introductif; destiné à la préparation
Meaning
preliminary; introductory; intended as preparation
Example
She attended preparatory classes before the final exam.
Elle a suivi des cours préparatoires avant l'examen final.
B2 noun /pɔːrtʃ/

porch

porche
Meaning
a covered area at the entrance of a building, often with a roof and open sides
Example
We sat on the porch and enjoyed the evening breeze.
Nous nous sommes assis sur le porche et avons apprécié la brise du soir.
B1 verb /pɑːrˈtɪsɪpeɪt/

participate

participer
Meaning
to take part in or become involved in an activity
Example
Students are encouraged to participate in extracurricular activities.
Les étudiants sont encouragés à participer à des activités parascolaires.
C1 noun /ˈpɜːrpɪtreɪtər/

perpetrator

délinquant
Meaning
a person who commits a harmful, illegal, or immoral act
Example
The police arrested the perpetrator of the crime.
La police a arrêté le délinquant du crime.
C1 noun /ˈpɛdəstəl/

pedestal

socle / piédestal
Meaning
the base or support on which a statue or object stands
Example
The statue was placed on a marble pedestal.
La statue a été placée sur un piédestal en marbre.
B1 noun /pruːf/

proof

preuve
Meaning
evidence or argument establishing a fact or the truth of a statement
Example
The detective presented proof of the suspect's guilt.
Le détective a présenté la preuve de la culpabilité du suspect.
B2 noun prɒsˈpɛr.ɪ.ti

prosperity

prospérité
Meaning
The state of being prosperous; success or wealth.
Example
The country achieved great prosperity during the last decade.
Le pays a atteint une grande prospérité au cours de la dernière décennie.
B2 noun /ˈpæd.i/

Paddy

riz non transformé; champ de riz
Meaning
rice in its natural state before processing; a field where rice is grown
Example
The farmers worked hard in the paddy fields during harvest season.
Les agriculteurs ont travaillé dur dans les champs de riz pendant la saison des récoltes.
C2 noun /pɛlf/

pelf

argent malhonnête
Meaning
Money, especially when gained dishonorably.
Example
The corrupt official was motivated only by pelf.
Le fonctionnaire corrompu était motivé uniquement par l'argent malhonnête.
B1 noun /ˈpɔːrʃən/

portion

portion
Meaning
A part or share of something.
Example
She ate only a small portion of the meal.
Elle n'a mangé qu'une petite portion du repas.
B2 noun ˌfoʊ.t̬oʊˈsɪn.θə.sɪs

photosynthesis

photosynthèse
Meaning
The process by which green plants use sunlight to synthesize foods from carbon dioxide and water.
Example
Plants depend on photosynthesis for survival.
Les plantes dependent de la photosynthese pour leur survie.
B2 adjective /pəˈluː.tɪd/

polluted

pollué
Meaning
Contaminated with harmful or poisonous substances.
Example
Polluted air causes severe health problems.
L'air pollué cause des problèmes de santé graves.
B1 noun /ˈpʌb.lɪ.ʃər/

Publisher

éditeur
Meaning
a person or company that produces and distributes books, magazines, or newspapers
Example
The publisher decided to print 10,000 copies of the new novel.
L'éditeur a décidé d'imprimer 10 000 exemplaires du nouveau roman.
C2 noun /ˌpoʊpʊˈriː/

potpourri

mélange de fleurs séchées
Meaning
a mixture of dried flowers and spices kept in a bowl to perfume a room; a miscellaneous collection
Example
The living room was filled with the scent of potpourri.
Le salon était rempli du parfum du potpourri.
C2 noun /ˈpɑːrləns/

parlance

jargon
Meaning
a particular way of speaking or using words, common to a group
Example
In legal parlance, the term has a different meaning.
En langage juridique, le terme a une signification différente.
B2 adjective /proʊn/

Prone

enclin
Meaning
having a tendency to; inclined; lying face down
Example
He is prone to making mistakes when he's tired.
Il est enclin à faire des erreurs quand il est fatigué.
B2 adjective /pɪˈkjuː.li.ər/

Peculiar

particulier; étrange; bizarre
Meaning
strange or odd; unusual; belonging exclusively to
Example
She has a peculiar way of speaking.
Elle a une manière particulière de parler.
C1 noun /ˈpraɪ.meɪt/

primate

primate, animal de la famille des singes
Meaning
A member of the group of animals including humans, apes, and monkeys.
Example
Humans are classified as primates.
Les humains sont classés parmi les primates.
C1 noun /ˈpæʃ.ən ˌflaʊ.ər/

Passion flower

fleur de la passion
Meaning
A climbing plant with intricate, colorful flowers; also refers to royal poinciana tree with red-orange blooms
Example
The passion flower vine covered the garden wall with beautiful blooms.
La vigne de la fleur de la passion a couvert le mur du jardin avec de magnifiques fleurs.
A2 noun /ˈpɒkɪt/

pocket

poche
Meaning
a small, enclosed space in clothing for carrying items
Example
He put his phone in his pocket.
Il a mis son téléphone dans sa poche.
B2 noun /ˌprɒsɪˈkjuːʃən/

prosecution

poursuite
Meaning
The act of bringing a criminal charge against someone and pursuing legal action in court.
Example
The prosecution presented strong evidence against the defendant.
L'accusation a présenté des preuves solides contre l'accusé.
C1 adjective /ˈplaɪənt/

pliant

souple, facilement influençable ou adaptable
Meaning
flexible; easily influenced or adaptable
Example
She has a pliant personality that adapts well to new situations.
Elle a une personnalité flexible qui s'adapte bien aux nouvelles situations.
B2 verb /ˈpɪnpɔɪnt/

pinpoint

identifier avec précision
Meaning
to locate or identify something with precision
Example
The detective was able to pinpoint the exact location of the suspect.
Le détective a pu localiser l'emplacement exact du suspect.
C2 noun /ˈpaʊ.waʊ/

powwow

réunion informelle
Meaning
an informal meeting or conference to discuss something
Example
The team held a quick powwow before the presentation.
L'équipe a tenu une réunion rapide avant la présentation.
C1 noun /ˈprɒspɛktər/

prospector

prospecteur minier
Meaning
a person who searches for mineral deposits, especially gold
Example
The prospector spent years in the mountains searching for gold.
Le prospecteur a passé des années dans les montagnes à chercher de l'or.
C1 adjective /ˈpɔːrəs/

porous

poreux
Meaning
Having tiny holes that allow liquid or air to pass through.
Example
The soil is very porous and drains quickly.
Le sol est très poreux et draine rapidement.
C2 noun /poʊˈzɜːr/

poseur

poseur
Meaning
A person who pretends to be something they are not, often to impress others.
Example
Many considered him a poseur because he exaggerated his accomplishments.
Beaucoup le considéraient comme un poseur parce qu'il exagérait ses réalisations.
B2 noun /prəˈseʃ.ən/

Procession

procession; cortège;
Meaning
a group of people or vehicles moving forward in an organized way, especially as part of a ceremony
Example
The wedding procession walked slowly to the church.
La procession de mariage marchait lentement vers l'église.
C1 noun /ˈpɜːrdʒəri/

perjury

parjure
Meaning
The offense of willfully telling an untruth in a court after taking an oath.
Example
She was convicted of perjury after giving false evidence.
Elle a été condamnée pour parjure après avoir donné de faux témoignages.
C1 noun /ˌpɜː.mɪˈæbɪlɪti/

permeability

perméabilité, la qualité ou l'état d'être perméable, permettant aux liquides ou aux gaz de passer à travers
Meaning
The quality or state of being permeable; allowing liquids or gases to pass through.
Example
The permeability of the soil affects water retention.
La perméabilité du sol affecte la rétention d'eau.
C2 noun /ˌpɛdəˈɡɒdʒɪks/

pedagogics

pédagogie
Meaning
the science or art of teaching
Example
He studied pedagogics to become a better teacher.
Il a étudié la pédagogie pour devenir un meilleur enseignant.
A2 adjective /ˈpɒp.jʊ.lər/

Popular

populaire
Meaning
liked or admired by many people; well-known and widely accepted
Example
This restaurant is very popular among young people.
Ce restaurant est très populaire parmi les jeunes.
C2 noun /ˈpraɪəri/

priory

prieuré
Meaning
a small monastery or convent governed by a prior or prioress
Example
The old priory was converted into a museum.
L'ancien prieuré a été transformé en musée.
C1 noun pɔɪz

poise

confiance et maîtrise de soi
Meaning
Natural confidence and composure maintained under pressure.
Example
A good speaker maintains poise under pressure.
Un bon orateur maintient sa maîtrise de soi sous pression.
B2 noun /ˌprɒpəˈzɪʃən/

proposition

proposition, plan
Meaning
A statement, idea, or plan put forward for consideration or discussion.
Example
The company made a business proposition to the investors.
L'entreprise a fait une proposition commerciale aux investisseurs.
C2 adjective /ˈprəʊ.lɪks/

prolix

trop long
Meaning
using too many words; tediously lengthy
Example
The professor’s prolix lecture put many students to sleep.
Le cours prolixe du professeur a endormi de nombreux étudiants.
C2 noun /ˈproʊtoʊˌmɑːrtɚ/

protomartyr

premier martyr
Meaning
The first martyr in a cause or religion, often referring to the first Christian martyr.
Example
St. Stephen is known as the protomartyr of Christianity.
Saint Étienne est connu comme le protomartyr du christianisme.
A1 noun /ˈpɜːrsən/

person

personne
Meaning
an individual human being
Example
She is a kind person who always helps others.
C'est une personne gentille qui aide toujours les autres.
B2 verb /pərˈsuː/

pursue

poursuivre
Meaning
to follow or chase with the intent to catch or achieve something
Example
She decided to pursue her dreams of becoming a doctor.
Elle a décidé de poursuivre ses rêves de devenir médecin.
C1 adjective /pɒˈstɪəriər/

posterior

postérieur
Meaning
Situated at or toward the back; later in time.
Example
The posterior part of the brain controls vision.
La partie postérieure du cerveau contrôle la vision.
C2 adjective /ˈpaɪbɔːld/

piebald

à taches de deux couleurs
Meaning
having irregular patches of two colors, especially black and white
Example
The farmer owns a piebald horse with black and white spots.
Le fermier possède un cheval piebald avec des taches noires et blanches.
C1 adjective /ˈpʊʃi/

pushy

insistant
Meaning
excessively assertive or aggressive, often annoyingly so
Example
The salesperson was too pushy, which drove customers away.
Le vendeur était trop insistant, ce qui a fait fuir les clients.
C2 noun /ˈproʊbɪti/

probity

probité
Meaning
The quality of having strong moral principles; honesty and decency.
Example
The judge was admired for his integrity and probity.
Le juge a été admiré pour son intégrité et sa probité.
C1 noun /fɪˈziːk/

physique

physique
Meaning
the form, size, and development of a person's body
Example
He has an athletic physique due to years of training.
Il a une silhouette athlétique grâce à des années d'entraînement.
B2 verb /ˈprɒspər/

prosper

prospérer
Meaning
to succeed or flourish, especially in financial or business matters
Example
With hard work and determination, she managed to prosper in her career.
Avec du travail acharné et de la détermination, elle a réussi à prospérer dans sa carrière.
A1 adjective /pʊr/

Poor

pauvre; de mauvaise qualité
Meaning
having little money; lacking resources; of low quality
Example
The poor family struggled to make ends meet.
La famille pauvre a lutté pour joindre les deux bouts.
C1 adjective /ˌpɜːrpənˈdɪkjələr/

perpendicular

perpendiculaire
Meaning
At an angle of 90 degrees to a given line, plane, or surface.
Example
The ladder was placed perpendicular to the ground for safety.
L'échelle a été placée perpendiculaire au sol pour des raisons de sécurité.
C1 adjective /ˈpɪər.ləs/

Peerless

incomparable; sans égal; sans rival
Meaning
unequaled; having no match or equal; without rival
Example
Her peerless beauty captivated everyone.
Sa beauté incomparable a captivé tout le monde.
C2 noun /ˈpɒliˌkreɪsi/

polycracy

policratie
Meaning
rule by many; government by multiple authorities
Example
The nation experienced a polycracy after decentralization reforms.
Le pays a connu une policratie après les réformes de décentralisation.
A2 noun /pæθ/

path

chemin
Meaning
a way or track laid down for walking or made by continual treading
Example
She walked along the narrow path through the forest.
Elle a marché le long du chemin étroit à travers la forêt.
B1 adjective /pərˈtɪk.jʊ.lər/

particular

particulier
Meaning
specific or special; distinct from others
Example
He is very particular about his diet.
Il est très particulier à propos de son régime.
C1 adjective /ˈpen.ɪ.ləs/

Penniless

sans argent; extrêmement pauvre; complètement sans fonds
Meaning
having no money; extremely poor; completely without funds
Example
After losing his job, he became penniless.
Après avoir perdu son emploi, il est devenu sans argent.
A1 noun /pəˈliːs/

police

police
Meaning
a body of officers representing the civil authority of government
Example
The police arrived quickly to investigate the scene.
La police est arrivée rapidement pour enquêter sur la scène.
C2 verb /ˈpjuːtrɪfaɪ/

putrefy

putréfier
Meaning
to decay or rot, producing a foul smell
Example
The meat began to putrefy in the heat.
La viande a commencé à pourrir sous la chaleur.
C2 noun /ˈplɛdʒiː/

pledgee

la personne à qui quelque chose est attribué comme garantie
Meaning
a person to whom something is pledged or given as security
Example
The bank is the pledgee of the collateral until the loan is repaid.
La banque est le créancier du bien jusqu'à ce que le prêt soit remboursé.
C1 adjective /ˈpjuːtrɪd/

putrid

pourri
Meaning
decayed and emitting a foul smell
Example
The garbage smelled putrid after days in the sun.
Les ordures sentaient pourries après plusieurs jours sous le soleil.
A2 noun, verb, adjective /ˈprɛzənt/

present

présent
Meaning
existing or happening now; to give something to someone in a formal way
Example
She presented her report to the team yesterday.
Elle a présenté son rapport à l'équipe hier.
B2 noun /ˈfɪʃ.ɪŋ/

phishing

vol d'informations par fraude
Meaning
The fraudulent practice of sending emails purporting to be from reputable companies in order to induce individuals to reveal personal information.
Example
Phishing emails often trick people into revealing passwords.
Les e-mails de phishing trompent souvent les gens pour qu'ils révèlent leurs mots de passe.
C2 verb /ˈpælpɪˌteɪt/

palpitate

palpiter rapidement
Meaning
to beat rapidly and strongly, often because of fear, excitement, or illness
Example
Her heart began to palpitate with fear.
Son cœur a commencé à palpiter de peur.
A2 verb /pɒp/

pop

éclater
Meaning
to make a short, sharp sound, or to burst or break with such a sound
Example
The balloon popped when I accidentally pricked it with a pin.
Le ballon a éclaté lorsque je l'ai accidentellement piqué avec une épingle.
C1 adjective /ˌfɪl.ænˈθrɒp.ɪk/

philanthropic

philanthropique
Meaning
showing concern for the welfare of others; generous and charitable
Example
She is known for her philanthropic activities in the city.
Elle est connue pour ses activités philanthropiques dans la ville.
B2 noun ˌprez.əˈveɪ.ʃən

preservation

préservation
Meaning
The action of maintaining something in its original or existing state; protection from harm or damage.
Example
Proper preservation extends the lifespan of machinery.
Une bonne préservation prolonge la durée de vie des machines.
B2 noun /ˈpleɪˌɔːf/

playoff

matchs pour déterminer le champion
Meaning
a series of games played to determine a champion among top teams
Example
The team qualified for the playoffs after a strong season.
L'équipe s'est qualifiée pour les playoffs après une saison forte.
A2 noun /peɪn/

Pain

douleur; souffrance physique ou détresse émotionnelle
Meaning
physical suffering or discomfort; mental or emotional distress
Example
The patient felt severe pain in his back.
Le patient a ressenti une douleur intense dans son dos.
C2 adjective /prɪˈskrɪptɪbəl/

prescriptible

prescriptible
Meaning
Capable of being prescribed or laid down as a rule or directive.
Example
Certain regulations are prescriptible under the law.
Certaines régulations sont prescrites par la loi.
C1 noun /ˌpiːdiˈætrɪks/

pediatrics

pédiatrie
Meaning
the branch of medicine dealing with the health and medical care of children
Example
She decided to specialize in pediatrics after medical school.
Elle a décidé de se spécialiser en pédiatrie après l'école de médecine.
B2 noun /ˌprɒp.əˈɡæn.də/

Propaganda

propagande; rumeur
Meaning
information spread to promote a particular political cause or point of view
Example
The government used propaganda to influence public opinion during the war.
Le gouvernement a utilisé la propagande pour influencer l'opinion publique pendant la guerre.
C1 noun /ˈpɒpjʊlɪst/

populist

leader populiste
Meaning
A politician or person who seeks to appeal to ordinary people who feel their concerns are ignored by elites.
Example
The populist leader promised to put the needs of common citizens first.
Le leader populiste a promis de mettre les besoins des citoyens ordinaires en priorité.
A1 noun ˈpɛrənts

Parents

parents
Meaning
One's father and mother.
Example
The family tree starts with the child's parents.
L'arbre généalogique commence avec les parents de l'enfant.
C1 noun /ˈpɜːʃən/

Persian

personne originaire d'Iran ou parlant le persan
Meaning
a native or inhabitant of Iran; the language spoken in Iran (Farsi)
Example
The Persian language has a rich literary history.
La langue persane a une riche histoire littéraire.
C1 noun /ˈpæstər/

pastor

pasteur
Meaning
a minister in charge of a Christian church or congregation
Example
The pastor delivered a heartfelt sermon on compassion.
Le pasteur a prononcé un sermon plein de compassion.
C2 adverb /ˈprɒksɪmətli/

proximately

près
Meaning
In a near or close manner; nearly.
Example
The village lies proximately to the river.
Le village est près de la rivière.
C1 adjective /ˈpær.ə.nɔɪd/

paranoid

avoir une peur ou une suspicion irrationnelle des autres
Meaning
having an unreasonable fear or suspicion of others
Example
She became paranoid after hearing strange noises outside.
Elle est devenue paranoïaque après avoir entendu des bruits étranges dehors.
B2 adjective /ˈpɒlɪʃt/

polished

soigné, raffiné et élégant
Meaning
refined, sophisticated, and elegant in appearance or behavior
Example
She gave a polished performance at the recital.
Elle a donné une performance soignée lors du récital.
C1 noun /pəˈsweɪsɪvnes/

persuasiveness

persuasion
Meaning
The quality of being good at persuading someone to do or believe something.
Example
Her persuasiveness convinced the team to follow her suggestions.
Sa persuasion a convaincu l'équipe de suivre ses suggestions.
C1 adjective /pəˈmɪs.ɪv/

permissive

permissif
Meaning
Allowing or characterized by great or excessive freedom of behavior; very lenient or indulgent.
Example
Permissive parenting can sometimes lead to a lack of discipline in children.
L'éducation permissive peut parfois mener à un manque de discipline chez les enfants.
C1 adjective /prɪˈtɛnʃəs/

pretentious

prétentieux
Meaning
Attempting to impress by affecting greater importance, talent, culture, etc., than is actually possessed.
Example
The restaurant was stylish but far too pretentious for my taste.
Le restaurant était élégant mais bien trop prétentieux pour mon goût.
C1 adjective /ˈpɜːrsənəbl/

personable

charmant
Meaning
having a pleasant appearance and manner; attractive and friendly
Example
The new teacher is very personable and easy to talk to.
Le nouveau professeur est très charmant et facile à aborder.
C2 adjective /njuːˈmætɪk/

pneumatic

pneumatique
Meaning
operated by air or gas under pressure
Example
The factory uses pneumatic tools for assembly.
L'usine utilise des outils pneumatiques pour l'assemblage.
C1 noun /ˈpraɪ.mər/ (US), /ˈprɪm.ər/ (UK)

primer

manuel introductif, apprêt
Meaning
A basic introductory book or a substance used to prepare a surface for painting.
Example
He read a primer on programming before starting his course.
Il a lu un manuel d'introduction à la programmation avant de commencer son cours.
B2 noun /prækˈtɪʃ.ən.ər/

practitioner

praticien
Meaning
a person actively engaged in a profession, especially medicine or law
Example
She is a skilled medical practitioner.
Elle est une praticienne médicale qualifiée.
B2 noun /præŋk/

prank

blague
Meaning
A trick that is intended to be funny but not harmful.
Example
They played a harmless prank on their friend during the party.
Ils ont joué une blague innocente avec leur ami pendant la fête.
C1 verb /ˈpʌlseɪt/

pulsate

pulsar
Meaning
to expand and contract rhythmically; to throb or beat
Example
The neon lights pulsated with a steady rhythm.
Les lumières au néon pulsaient avec un rythme constant.
C1 noun /ˈpɛdlər/

peddler

vendeur ambulant
Meaning
a person who sells goods, often traveling from place to place
Example
The peddler walked through the village selling fresh fruits.
Le vendeur ambulant traversait le village en vendant des fruits frais.
C1 adjective pərˈnɪʃəs

pernicious

nocif, pernicieux
Meaning
Having a harmful effect, especially in a gradual or subtle way.
Example
The pernicious effects of smoking are well-documented.
Les effets nuisibles du tabagisme sont bien documentés.
B2 noun prəˈdʒɛk.ʃən

projection

projections de la voix
Meaning
The strength and range of voice when speaking.
Example
Proper projection ensures that every listener hears clearly.
Une projection appropriée garantit que chaque auditeur entend clairement.
C1 noun /ˈpæs.ɪ.fɪst/

pacifist

pacifiste
Meaning
a person who believes in peace and opposes war or violence
Example
She is a committed pacifist who campaigns against armed conflict.
Elle est une pacifiste engagée qui fait campagne contre les conflits armés.
C1 noun /ˌpeɪ.li.ɒnˈtɒl.ə.dʒi/

paleontology

paléontologie
Meaning
the branch of science concerned with fossil animals and plants
Example
She decided to study paleontology at university.
Elle a décidé d'étudier la paléontologie à l'université.
C2 adjective /ˈpliːnəri/

plenary

plénier
Meaning
complete in every way; fully attended or absolute
Example
The committee held a plenary session to discuss all matters of importance.
Le comité a tenu une séance plénière pour discuter de toutes les questions importantes.
B2 noun pɑrˈtɪʃən

partition

partition
Meaning
The action of dividing or being divided into parts; separation.
Example
Partition caused unrest.
La partition a causé des troubles.
B1 noun /ˈpaɪn.æp.əl/

Pine Apple

ananas
Meaning
a large tropical fruit with a tough skin and sweet yellow flesh
Example
The pineapple has a crown of spiky leaves on top.
L'ananas a une couronne de feuilles épineuses sur le dessus.
B1 verb /pɔːz/

Pause

faire une pause
Meaning
to stop temporarily; to take a break in activity or speech
Example
Please pause the video while I take notes.
Veuillez mettre la vidéo en pause pendant que je prends des notes.
C2 noun /pəˈveɪʒən/

pervasion

pervasion
Meaning
the act of spreading through or being present everywhere in something
Example
There was a pervasion of hope throughout the community.
Il y avait une pervasion d'espoir dans toute la communauté.
C1 noun prəˈtɛk.ʃə.nɪ.zəm

protectionism

protectionnisme
Meaning
The theory or practice of shielding a country's domestic industries from foreign competition by taxing imports.
Example
The government's protectionism helped local businesses grow.
Le protectionnisme du gouvernement a aidé les entreprises locales à se développer.
B2 noun /pliː/

Plea

plaidoyer; demande; excuse
Meaning
an urgent and emotional request; a defendant's formal response to a criminal charge; an excuse or justification
Example
She made a plea for help during the emergency.
Elle a fait une demande d'aide pendant l'urgence.
C2 adjective /ˈprɒɡnəθəs/

prognathous

prognathe
Meaning
Having jaws that project forward beyond the rest of the face.
Example
The fossil displayed a distinctly prognathous skull structure.
Le fossile affichait une structure de crâne distinctement prognathe.
C1 noun /ˌplɔː.zəˈbɪl.ə.ti/

plausibility

plausibilité
Meaning
The quality of being reasonable or probable.
Example
The plausibility of his explanation convinced the jury.
La plausibilité de son explication a convaincu le jury.
A2 noun /ˈfəʊtəɡrɑːf/

photograph

photo
Meaning
a picture made using a camera
Example
She took a photograph of the sunset.
Elle a pris une photo du coucher du soleil.
B2 adjective /ˌprɒb.ləˈmæt.ɪk/

Problematic

problématique; causant des problèmes
Meaning
causing problems; troublesome; difficult to deal with
Example
The new policy changes are problematic and need to be reviewed.
Les nouveaux changements de politique sont problématiques et doivent être examinés.
B2 noun /ˈpæn.ɪk/

Panic

panique
Meaning
sudden uncontrollable fear or anxiety; a state of widespread fear and anxiety
Example
The fire alarm caused panic among the students.
L'alarme incendie a provoqué la panique parmi les étudiants.
C2 noun /ˈpʌlkrɪˌtjuːd/

pulchritude

beauté
Meaning
physical beauty
Example
The actress was admired for her pulchritude as well as her talent.
L'actrice a été admirée pour sa beauté et son talent.
C1 adjective /ˈplɒd.ɪŋ/

plodding

lent et ennuyeux
Meaning
slow-moving and unexciting; showing steady effort
Example
The movie was entertaining but a bit plodding in the middle.
Le film était divertissant, mais un peu lent et ennuyeux au milieu.
C1 verb /ˈpoʊ.lə.raɪz/

polarize

polariser
Meaning
to divide or cause to divide into two sharply contrasting groups or sets of opinions or beliefs
Example
The controversial decision polarized public opinion.
La décision controversée a divisé l'opinion publique en deux groupes opposés.
B1 adverb /pɑːrˈtɪkjʊləli/

particularly

particulièrement
Meaning
to a higher degree than is usual or expected
Example
She is particularly fond of Italian food.
Elle est particulièrement friande de la cuisine italienne.
C2 noun /ˈpruːdəri/

prudery

pruderie
Meaning
the behavior or attitude of people who are too easily shocked or offended by sexual matters
Example
His prudery often made others uncomfortable during open discussions.
Sa pruderie rendait souvent les autres mal à l'aise lors des discussions ouvertes.
C2 verb /ˈpɔːltər/

palter

parler de manière floue, tromper
Meaning
to act insincerely or deceitfully; to equivocate or lie
Example
He paltered when asked about his involvement in the deal.
Il a évité la question lorsqu'on lui a demandé son implication dans l'accord.
B2 noun /ˈpredʒ.ə.dɪs/

Prejudice

préjugé
Meaning
preconceived opinion that is not based on reason or actual experience
Example
We must fight against prejudice and discrimination in our society.
Nous devons lutter contre les préjugés et la discrimination dans notre société.
C1 noun /ˈpræɡmətɪst/

pragmatist

pragmatique
Meaning
A person who deals with things in a practical and realistic way.
Example
He is a true pragmatist who values results over ideals.
Il est un véritable pragmatique qui valorise les résultats plus que les idéaux.
B1 noun /ˈproʊtiːn/

protein

protéine
Meaning
a molecule composed of amino acids essential for bodily functions
Example
Proteins are essential for building and repairing tissues in the body.
Les protéines sont essentielles pour la construction et la réparation des tissus dans le corps.
B1 adjective /ˈprɪn.sə.pəl/

Principal

principal; majeur; plus important; chef
Meaning
main; primary; most important; chief
Example
The principal reason for the meeting was to discuss the budget.
La raison principale de la réunion était de discuter du budget.
C2 noun /ˌfɪzɪˈɑːkrəsi/

physiocracy

fisiocratie
Meaning
an economic theory that land and its natural products are the source of wealth
Example
Physiocracy emphasized the importance of agriculture in national wealth.
La fisiocratie a souligné l'importance de l'agriculture dans la richesse nationale.
B2 noun /plænˈteɪʃən/

plantation

plantation
Meaning
a large area of land where crops are grown, often for commercial purposes
Example
The sugarcane plantation stretched for miles across the valley.
La plantation de canne à sucre s'étendait sur des kilomètres à travers la vallée.
C2 adjective /prɪˈzʌmptɪv/

presumptive

présumé
Meaning
Based on probability or assumption rather than proof.
Example
She is the presumptive nominee for the party.
Elle est la candidate présumée pour le parti.
C2 noun /ˌpɜːrspɪˈkjuːəti/

perspicuity

perspicuité
Meaning
Clarity and ease in speech or writing; the quality of being clearly expressed.
Example
The perspicuity of his lecture made it easy for students to understand complex topics.
La perspicuité de sa conférence a facilité la compréhension des sujets complexes par les étudiants.
A1 noun /piːˈɛm/

pm

après-midi
Meaning
abbreviation for post meridiem; after midday
Example
The meeting is scheduled at 3 pm.
La réunion est prévue à 3 h de l'après-midi.
B1 verb /piːl/

peel

peler
Meaning
to remove the outer covering or skin from a fruit or vegetable
Example
She peeled the mango before eating it.
Elle a pelé la mangue avant de la manger.