CEFR Level
The unequal distribution of income and opportunity between different groups in society.
"Addressing economic disparity is crucial for social stability."
To reduce spending or use resources carefully.
"Families are trying to economize by cutting unnecessary expenses."
The complete breakdown of an ecological system, resulting in the inability to maintain its structure and function.
"Unchecked deforestation can lead to ecosystem collapse."
The benefits people obtain from ecosystems.
"Forests provide valuable ecosystem services, such as purifying air and water."
An overwhelming feeling of great happiness or joyful excitement.
"She was in ecstasy when she won the prize."
Feeling or expressing overwhelming happiness or excitement.
"The fans were ecstatic after their team won the championship."
a place or state of great happiness; paradise
"The garden was like Eden, filled with beautiful flowers and peaceful atmosphere."
An official order, proclamation, or decree issued by an authority.
"The king issued an edict banning smoking in public places."
A large, impressive building or structure.
"The museum is an impressive edifice in the city center."
providing education; instructive; informative
"The documentary was highly educative and informative."
a long, snake-like fish that lives in both fresh and salt water
"The electric eel can generate powerful electric shocks."
Strange and frightening in a mysterious way.
"The abandoned house had an eerie silence."
The ability to produce the intended result; effectiveness.
"The efficacy of the new policy is still being evaluated."
a sculpture or model of a person, often made to be destroyed in protest or anger
"The protesters burned an effigy of the corrupt politician."
Liquid waste or sewage discharged into a river or the sea.
"Factory effluent contaminates nearby rivers and lakes."
Believing in or promoting the principle that all people are equal and deserve equal rights and opportunities.
"The organization has an egalitarian structure where every member has a voice."
thinking only about yourself and not about others
"His egocentric behavior annoyed everyone at the meeting."
An ethical theory that treats self-interest as the foundation of morality; also, excessive preoccupation with oneself.
"His decisions were often driven by egoism rather than concern for others."
A person who is excessively concerned with themselves; someone who believes in or practices egoism.
"She avoided him because he was a selfish egoist."
The practice of talking and thinking about oneself excessively because of an inflated sense of self-importance.
"His constant boasting revealed his egotism."
A person who is excessively self-centered or talks too much about themselves.
"The egotist dominated the conversation by talking only about his own achievements."
Excessively self-absorbed or conceited.
"Her egotistical behavior made it difficult for her to maintain friendships."
Outstandingly bad; shocking.
"The company was fined for its egregious safety violations."
to force someone or something out, usually from a place or position
"The referee had to eject the player for unsportsmanlike behavior."
to force someone or something to leave a place; to push or throw something out forcefully
"The pilot was ejected from the aircraft during the emergency."
to make a small amount of something last longer by using it sparingly
"The family tried to eke out their savings during the tough months."
the process of adding more detail or expanding on something
"The teacher appreciated the student's elaboration of the topic."
to pass or go by, usually referring to time
"Several hours elapsed before he finally returned home."
The ability of an object or material to resume its normal shape after being stretched or compressed.
"Rubber has a high degree of elasticity."
To make someone very happy or proud.
"The success of the project elated the whole team."
Extremely happy and excited.
"She was elated when she heard the good news."
A feeling of great happiness and excitement.
"His elation was evident after winning the championship."
to charge with electricity; to excite or thrill intensely
"The speaker's speech electrified the audience."
Minerals in body fluids that carry an electric charge and are essential for many bodily functions.
"Electrolytes help maintain proper fluid balance in the body."
Relating to both electricity and magnetism or their interaction.
"Electromagnetic forces repel protons."
The act of raising something to a higher position or level.
"The hikers reached a high elevation after hours of climbing."
To draw out a response, answer, or reaction from someone.
"The teacher’s question elicited thoughtful answers from the students."
A person who believes that a society should be led by an elite; showing preference for a privileged class.
"His elitist attitude made him unpopular among his peers."
Relating to the reign of Queen Elizabeth I of England (1558–1603), especially the style of that period.
"Shakespeare wrote many of his plays during the Elizabethan era."
The omission of words in a sentence, represented by three dots (...).
"The writer used an ellipsis to show that part of the quote was omitted."
Having the shape of an ellipse; also, a style of speech that is concise and sometimes obscure.
"The planet follows an elliptical orbit around the sun."
to run away secretly in order to get married, especially without parental consent
"The young couple decided to elope to another city."
the art of using fluent, persuasive, and effective speech or writing
"Her eloquence impressed the entire audience."
fluent or persuasive in speaking or writing
"He gave an eloquent speech on human rights."
to make something clear; to explain
"The teacher tried to elucidate the complex theory."
to escape from or avoid something, especially in a skillful or clever way
"The thief managed to elude the police."
Difficult to find, catch, or achieve; hard to understand or define.
"The solution to the problem proved elusive."
Abnormally thin or weak, usually due to illness or lack of food.
"The emaciated dog was rescued from the abandoned house."
To come out or spread from a source.
"A sweet fragrance emanated from the garden."
To free from restraint, control, or the power of another; to liberate.
"The movement aimed to emancipate slaves from oppression."