Circumstances
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B1 noun /ˈsɜːr.kəmˌsˌtæn.sɪz/

Circumstances

Umstände
Meaning
the conditions that affect a situation, action, or event; facts or conditions connected with or relevant to an event
Example
Under normal circumstances, she would have arrived by now.
Unter normalen Umständen wäre sie bereits angekommen.
A2 adjective ˈkʌmftəbəl

comfortable

bequem
Meaning
Giving a feeling of physical ease and relaxation; free from hardship or unpleasant conditions.
Example
Urban planning aims to make cities more comfortable.
Die Stadtplanung zielt darauf ab, die Städte komfortabler zu machen.
C1 noun /kəmˈpəʊ.ʒər/

composure

Zustand der Ruhe und Selbstbeherrschung
Meaning
The state or feeling of being calm and in control of oneself.
Example
She maintained her composure during the interview.
Sie bewahrte ihre Ruhe während des Interviews.
A2 noun /ˈtʃælɪndʒɪz/

challenges

herausforderungen
Meaning
Difficult tasks or situations that test someone's abilities or resources.
Example
Overcoming challenges is the key to personal growth.
Herausforderungen zu überwinden ist der Schlüssel zum persönlichen Wachstum.
B1 verb /tʃuː/

chew

Glück
Meaning
to bite food into smaller pieces with your teeth before swallowing it
Example
You should chew your food properly to help with digestion.
Sie konnte ihr Glück nicht verbergen, als sie den Preis erhielt.
B1 adjective /kənˈvɪnst/

convinced

überzeugt
Meaning
completely certain or sure about something
Example
She was convinced that he was telling the truth.
Sie war überzeugt, dass er die Wahrheit sagte.
C2 adjective /kənˈvɜːrsənt/

conversant

vertraut, kenntnisreich
Meaning
familiar with or knowledgeable about something
Example
She is conversant with the latest developments in technology.
Sie ist mit den neuesten Entwicklungen in der Technologie vertraut.
C2 adjective /krɪˈpʌskjʊlər/

crepuscular

zum Dämmerung gehörend
Meaning
relating to twilight or active during twilight
Example
Bats are crepuscular animals, most active at dawn and dusk.
Fledermäuse sind dämmerungsaktive Tiere, die in der Dämmerung und im Morgengrauen am aktivsten sind.
A2 verb /kræʃ/

crash

Glück
Meaning
To collide violently; to suddenly stop working (for machines or computers).
Example
The car crashed into the wall at high speed.
Sie konnte ihr Glück nicht verbergen, als sie den Preis erhielt.
C1 verb koʊˈɜrs

coerce

zwingen
Meaning
To force someone to do something against their will using threats or intimidation.
Example
The manager tried to coerce the employees into working overtime.
Der Manager versuchte, die Mitarbeiter zu zwingen, Überstunden zu machen.
B1 noun /ˈsɪtɪzən/

citizen

Bürger
Meaning
a legally recognized subject or national of a state
Example
Every citizen has the right to vote.
Jeder Bürger hat das Recht zu wählen.
B2 noun /ˌkɑm.pənˈseɪ.ʃən/

Compensation

Entschädigung; Vergütung
Meaning
something given or received as an equivalent for services, debt, loss, injury, or suffering; payment or reward
Example
The company provided financial compensation to the workers injured in the accident.
Das Unternehmen leistete den im Unfall verletzten Arbeitern finanzielle Entschädigung.
C2 noun /kəˈtæb.ə.lɪ.zəm/

catabolism

Katabolismus
Meaning
The breakdown of complex molecules in living organisms to form simpler ones together with the release of energy; destructive metabolism.
Example
Catabolism plays a crucial role in cellular energy production.
Katabolismus spielt eine entscheidende Rolle bei der Zellenergieproduktion.
C2 noun /ˌkʌl.pəˈbɪl.ɪ.ti/

culpability

Schuld
Meaning
responsibility for a fault or wrong; blameworthiness
Example
The jury considered his level of culpability in the crime.
Die Jury berücksichtigte sein Maß an Schuld im Verbrechen.
B2 verb /ˌkoʊ.ɪnˈsaɪd/

coincide

zusammenfallen
Meaning
To occur at the same time or to be in agreement.
Example
The meeting coincided with her birthday.
Das Treffen fiel mit ihrem Geburtstag zusammen.
B1 adjective /kəmˈbaɪnd/

combined

kombiniert
Meaning
formed by bringing together separate parts or elements
Example
The combined effort of the team led to success.
Der kombinierte Einsatz des Teams führte zum Erfolg.
C1 adjective /kəˈnɒnɪkəl/

canonical

kanonisch / akzeptiert
Meaning
Conforming to a general rule or accepted standard; officially recognized.
Example
Shakespeare’s works are considered canonical in English literature.
Shakespeares Werke gelten als kanonisch in der englischen Literatur.
C1 noun /ˌkɒk.əˈtuː/

Cockatoo

Kakadu
Meaning
a large parrot with a prominent crest that can be raised or lowered
Example
The white cockatoo raised its beautiful crest.
Der weiße Kakadu hob seinen schönen Kamm.
C1 verb /tʃaɪd/

chide

schimpfen
Meaning
to scold or rebuke; to express disapproval
Example
The teacher chided the student for being late.
Der Lehrer schimpfte den Schüler für das Zuspätkommen.
B2 noun /kəˈθɒlɪsɪzəm/

catholicism

Katholizismus
Meaning
The faith, practice, and church order of the Roman Catholic Church.
Example
Catholicism has a long history and rich traditions.
Der Katholizismus hat eine lange Geschichte und reiche Traditionen.
C2 noun /ˈkærəm/

Carom

Kreuzkümmel
Meaning
aromatic seeds of a plant used as a spice, especially in Indian cooking
Example
Carom seeds are often used in traditional Indian bread recipes.
Kreuzkümmelsamen werden oft in traditionellen indischen Brotrezepten verwendet.
C1 adjective /ˈkɔː.zəl/

causal

kausal
Meaning
relating to or acting as a cause
Example
There is a causal link between smoking and cancer.
Es gibt einen kausalen Zusammenhang zwischen Rauchen und Krebs.
C2 noun /ˈkɒŋ.kɔː.dæt/

concordat

Konkordat
Meaning
An agreement or treaty, especially between the Vatican and a secular government.
Example
The concordat established the rights of the church within the country.
Das Konkordat legte die Rechte der Kirche im Land fest.
C2 noun /ˈkɔː.seər/

corsair

Pirat
Meaning
a pirate, especially one operating along the Mediterranean coasts
Example
The corsair plundered ships along the coast.
Der Korsar plünderte Schiffe entlang der Küste.
C2 noun /ˌkʌmˈʌpəns/

comeuppance

gerechte Strafe
Meaning
A deserved punishment or fate; just deserts.
Example
The corrupt official finally got his comeuppance in court.
Der korrupte Beamte bekam endlich seine gerechte Strafe vor Gericht.
B1 noun /ˈklɪn.ɪk/

clinic

klinik
Meaning
A place where people receive medical treatment without staying overnight.
Example
She went to the clinic for a health check-up.
Sie ging zur Klinik für eine Gesundheitsuntersuchung.
B1 adverb /ˈkʌrəntli/

currently

derzeit
Meaning
at the present time; now
Example
He is currently working on a new project.
Er arbeitet derzeit an einem neuen Projekt.
C1 adjective, noun /ˈkeɪnaɪn/

canine

mit Hunden verwandt / Hundezähne
Meaning
Relating to dogs; also refers to the pointed teeth in humans and animals
Example
The police trained a canine unit for search operations.
Die Polizei hat eine Hundestaffel für Suchoperationen ausgebildet.
C1 noun /ˈtʃænsələr/

chancellor

Kanzler / Rektor
Meaning
A senior state or legal official, or the head of a university.
Example
The chancellor delivered an inspiring speech at the graduation ceremony.
Der Kanzler hielt eine inspirierende Rede bei der Abschlussfeier.
C1 verb /tʃɑːr/

char

verbrannt
Meaning
To burn or scorch something so that it becomes blackened.
Example
The cook accidentally charred the steak.
Der Koch hat versehentlich das Steak verbrannt.
C1 noun /ˈʃæpəroʊn/

chaperon

Begleiter
Meaning
An older person who accompanies and supervises young people in social situations.
Example
The teacher acted as a chaperon during the school dance.
Der Lehrer fungierte als Begleiter während des Schulballs.
C2 noun /ˈkɒn.tjʊ.mə.si/

contumacy

Widerspenstigkeit, Sturheit
Meaning
stubborn refusal to obey authority
Example
His contumacy led to his suspension from the council.
Seine Widerspenstigkeit führte zu seiner Suspendierung vom Rat.
C1 adjective /kɜːrt/

curt

kürz
Meaning
Rudely brief in speech or manner.
Example
His curt reply made everyone uncomfortable.
Seine kürzere Antwort machte alle unbehaglich.
C1 noun /ˈkʌntrɪmən/

countryman

Landsmann
Meaning
a person from one's own country or rural area
Example
He was proud to meet a fellow countryman at the international conference.
Er war stolz, einen Landsmann auf der internationalen Konferenz zu treffen.
B1 verb /ˈkɒntrækt/

contract

Vertrag abschließen
Meaning
to make smaller; to enter into a formal agreement
Example
The company will contract a new supplier for materials.
Das Unternehmen wird einen neuen Lieferanten für Materialien beauftragen.
B2 verb /ˈkɒnstɪtjuːt/

constitute

bilden
Meaning
To make up, form, or establish something.
Example
These documents constitute the legal agreement between the two parties.
Diese Dokumente stellen die rechtliche Vereinbarung zwischen den beiden Parteien dar.
C2 noun /koʊˈæɡjələnt/

coagulant

Koagulationsmittel
Meaning
a substance that causes blood or another liquid to clot
Example
The doctor applied a coagulant to stop the bleeding quickly.
Der Arzt trug ein Koagulationsmittel auf, um die Blutung schnell zu stoppen.
B2 adjective /ˈkɒmɪkəl/

comical

komisch
Meaning
Funny in a strange or silly way; amusing.
Example
His comical expressions made everyone laugh.
Seine komischen Ausdrücke brachten alle zum Lachen.
B2 noun /ˌkɑːrboʊˈhaɪdreɪt/

carbohydrate

Kohlenhydrat
Meaning
a nutrient that provides energy, found in foods like rice, bread, and sugar
Example
Rice and potatoes are rich in carbohydrates.
Reis und Kartoffeln sind reich an Kohlenhydraten.
B2 noun kjuːz

cues

hinweise
Meaning
Signals or hints from conversation or environment that help understanding
Example
Facial expressions provide cues about a person's emotions.
Gesichtsausdrücke geben Hinweise auf die Emotionen einer Person.
C1 adjective /ˈkɑːr.di.æk/

cardiac

kardiologisch
Meaning
Relating to the heart.
Example
The patient was admitted with a cardiac condition.
Der Patient wurde mit einer kardialen Erkrankung aufgenommen.
A1 noun /koʊld drɪŋk/

Cold drink

kaltes Getränk
Meaning
A chilled beverage; a refreshing drink served cold
Example
I ordered a cold drink to beat the summer heat.
Ich habe ein kaltes Getränk bestellt, um der Sommerhitze zu entkommen.
B2 noun /ˈsɛmɪˌtɛri/

cemetery

Friedhof
Meaning
a place where dead people are buried
Example
The old cemetery is located at the edge of the village.
Der alte Friedhof befindet sich am Rande des Dorfes.
C2 adjective /kəmˈprɛsəbl̩/

compressible

komprimierbar
Meaning
Capable of being compressed or reduced in volume.
Example
Air is a compressible substance, unlike water.
Luft ist eine komprimierbare Substanz, im Gegensatz zu Wasser.
C2 noun /kəˈdɛnzə/

cadenza

ein ausgearbeiteter Soloabschnitt
Meaning
An elaborate solo passage in a piece of music, usually near the end.
Example
The pianist performed a brilliant cadenza before the final movement.
Der Pianist spielte eine brillante Cadenza vor dem letzten Satz.
C1 verb /kəˈluːd/

collude

verschwören
Meaning
To secretly cooperate or conspire with others, often for a deceitful purpose.
Example
The two companies colluded to fix prices in the market.
Die beiden Firmen verschworen sich, um die Preise auf dem Markt festzulegen.
C2 noun /ˈkɒliər/

collier

Kohlebergmann
Meaning
a person who works in coal mines or a ship carrying coal
Example
The collier spent long hours underground extracting coal.
Der Kohlebergmann verbrachte lange Stunden unter Tage und förderte Kohle.
C1 noun /kəmˈplɪsəti/

complicity

Komplizität
Meaning
the state of being involved with others in an illegal activity or wrongdoing
Example
The court revealed his complicity in the fraud scheme.
Das Gericht enthüllte seine Komplizität im Betrugsplan.
C1 noun /ˈkælkjʊləs/

calculus

Kalkül
Meaning
A branch of mathematics concerned with rates of change and accumulation; also a hard mineral deposit in the body such as on teeth.
Example
Calculus is essential for advanced studies in physics and engineering.
Der Kalkül ist für fortgeschrittene Studien in Physik und Ingenieurwesen unerlässlich.
A1 adjective /ˈtʃɒk.lət/

Chocolate

schokoladenbraun
Meaning
a dark brown color like chocolate; the color of cocoa
Example
The chocolate brown sofa looks elegant in the living room.
Das schokoladenbraune Sofa sieht im Wohnzimmer elegant aus.
B1 noun /ˈkɑn.tent/

Content

zufrieden
Meaning
pleased and satisfied; the things that are contained in something; subject matter of a text
Example
She felt content with her simple life in the countryside.
Sie fühlte sich zufrieden mit ihrem einfachen Leben auf dem Land.
B2 noun /ˈklɪərəns/

clearance

Genehmigung / Erlaubnis
Meaning
official permission or authorization; the removal of something unwanted; the distance between two objects
Example
The pilot received clearance to land the plane.
Der Pilot erhielt die Genehmigung, das Flugzeug zu landen.
C2 verb /kənˈvoʊk/

convoke

einberufen
Meaning
to call together or summon a meeting or assembly
Example
The committee convoked an emergency session to discuss the crisis.
Das Komitee hat eine Notfallsitzung einberufen, um die Krise zu besprechen.
C2 adjective /kəˈnaɪ.vɪŋ/

conniving

hinterhältig
Meaning
secretly scheming or plotting to help in wrongdoing
Example
He is a conniving politician who manipulates people for power.
Er ist ein hinterhältiger Politiker, der Menschen für Macht manipuliert.
B1 noun /ˈkɒliːɡ/

colleague

Kollege
Meaning
a person with whom one works, especially in a profession or business
Example
She invited her colleagues to the office party.
Sie hat ihre Kollegen zur Bürofeier eingeladen.
B1 verb /ˈkɒnsəntreɪt/

concentrate

konzentrieren
Meaning
to focus all one's attention or mental effort on a particular object or activity
Example
She tried to concentrate on her studies despite the noise.
Sie versuchte, sich trotz des Lärms auf ihr Studium zu konzentrieren.
C1 noun ˌkɒn.əˈteɪ.ʃən

connotation

implizierte oder vorgeschlagene Bedeutung
Meaning
The implied or suggested meaning of a word beyond its literal definition
Example
The word 'home' has a warm connotation of comfort and family.
Das Wort 'Zuhause' hat eine warme Konnotation von Komfort und Familie
C1 adverb /ˈkrɒswaɪz/

Crosswise

kreuzweise
Meaning
in the form of a cross; diagonally across
Example
Place the logs crosswise to build a stable fire.
Lege die Holzscheite kreuzweise, um ein stabiles Feuer zu bauen.
C1 adjective ˌkɑːr.sɪ.nəˈdʒen.ɪk

carcinogenic

krebserregend
Meaning
Having the potential to cause cancer in living tissue.
Example
Processed meat contains carcinogenic compounds.
Verarbeitetes Fleisch enthält krebserregende Verbindungen.
C2 noun /ˈkæt.kɪn/

Catkin

Kätzchen
Meaning
a drooping, often tasseled cluster of small flowers found on willow and birch trees
Example
The willow tree's catkins swayed gently in the spring breeze.
Die Weidenkätzchen schaukelten sanft im Frühlingswind.
B2 noun /ˈkæriər/

carrier

Transporteur
Meaning
A person or thing that carries, transports, or conveys something; also an organization that provides transport services.
Example
The airline is the largest carrier in the country.
Die Fluggesellschaft ist der größte Transporteur des Landes.
B2 verb /ˈkɒntəmpleɪt/

contemplate

nachdenken
Meaning
to think deeply and carefully about something; to consider thoughtfully
Example
She sat quietly to contemplate her future plans.
Sie saß still, um über ihre Zukunftspläne nachzudenken.
A1 verb /kliːn/

clean

reinigen
Meaning
To make something free from dirt, marks, or mess.
Example
She cleaned the kitchen before the guests arrived.
Sie reinigte die Küche, bevor die Gäste ankamen.
C2 noun /ˈtʃænsəri/

chancery

Chancery-Gericht
Meaning
A court of equity or the office of a chancellor.
Example
The case was taken to the chancery court for resolution.
Der Fall wurde vor das Chancery-Gericht zur Entscheidung gebracht.
B2 adjective /kəmˈpækt/

Compact

kompakt; klein und effizient gestaltet
Meaning
closely and neatly packed together; small and efficiently designed
Example
She bought a compact car that fits easily in small parking spaces.
Sie kaufte ein kompaktes Auto, das leicht in kleine Parklücken passt.
C1 noun /kəˈmɪtl̩/

committal

Überstellung in Haft / Inhaftierung
Meaning
The action of sending a person to prison or a mental hospital; also the act of committing something to a particular place.
Example
The judge ordered the committal of the accused to custody.
Der Richter ordnete die Überstellung des Angeklagten in Haft an.
C1 adjective /ˈkjʊərəbl/

curable

heilbar
Meaning
Able to be cured or healed.
Example
The doctor assured her that the disease was curable.
Der Arzt versicherte ihr, dass die Krankheit heilbar war.
A2 noun /ˈkoʊkənʌt/

Coconut

Kokosnuss
Meaning
a large brown seed with hard shell containing white flesh and coconut water
Example
We drank coconut water directly from the coconut.
Wir tranken direkt das Kokoswasser aus der Kokosnuss.
C1 adjective /ˈkrɛdɪtəbl/

creditable

lobenswert
Meaning
Deserving praise or acknowledgment, though not necessarily outstanding.
Example
She made a creditable effort in completing the project on time.
Sie hat eine lobenswerte Anstrengung unternommen, das Projekt rechtzeitig abzuschließen.
B2 adjective /ˈkɒnʃəs/

conscious

bewusst
Meaning
Aware of and responding to one's surroundings; awake.
Example
She was fully conscious after the surgery.
Sie war nach der Operation völlig bewusst.
B1 verb /kənˈvɜːrt/

convert

umwandeln
Meaning
to change from one form to another; to transform
Example
We can convert this room into an office.
Wir können dieses Zimmer in ein Büro umwandeln.
C2 noun /ˈsɜːrklət/

circlet

Diadem
Meaning
A small circular band, typically worn as an ornament on the head.
Example
The princess wore a golden circlet on her forehead.
Die Prinzessin trug ein goldenes Diadem auf der Stirn.
C1 noun /ˈkɒləmnɪst/

columnist

Kolumnist
Meaning
a journalist who regularly writes articles or opinions for a newspaper or magazine
Example
The columnist wrote an article about climate change.
Der Kolumnist schrieb einen Artikel über den Klimawandel.
C2 noun /ˌkɛəriˈætɪd/

caryatid

Säule mit einer weiblichen Figur
Meaning
A stone carving of a draped female figure, used as a supporting column in architecture.
Example
The ancient temple featured a caryatid holding up the roof.
Der antike Tempel hatte eine Karyatide, die das Dach stützte.
B2 verb /kəmˈpɛl/

compel

zwingen
Meaning
To force or drive someone to do something.
Example
The law compels citizens to pay taxes.
Das Gesetz zwingt die Bürger, Steuern zu zahlen.
A2 adjective /kəˈneɪdiən/

canadian

kanadisch
Meaning
Relating to Canada or its people.
Example
She enjoys Canadian culture and traditions.
Sie liebt die kanadische Kultur und Traditionen.
B2 adjective ˌkæt.əˈstrɑː.fɪk

catastrophic

katastrophal, verheerend
Meaning
Involving or causing sudden great damage or suffering.
Example
Climate change has catastrophic consequences.
Der Klimawandel hat katastrophale Folgen.
B2 adjective /ˈklæsɪfaɪd/

classified

klassifiziert; geheim
Meaning
arranged into categories; officially secret or restricted
Example
The report contains classified information and cannot be shared publicly.
Der Bericht enthält klassifizierte Informationen.
A2 noun /ˈsɪə.ri.əl/

cereal

Müsli
Meaning
a common breakfast food made from processed grains such as wheat, oats, or corn
Example
She eats a bowl of cereal every morning before work.
Sie isst jeden Morgen eine Schale Müsli vor der Arbeit.
B1 noun /kənˈsʌltənt/

consultant

Berater
Meaning
A professional who provides expert advice in a particular area.
Example
The company hired a consultant to improve its marketing strategy.
Das Unternehmen hat einen Berater eingestellt, um seine Marketingstrategie zu verbessern.
B1 adverb /ˈkeərləsli/

carelessly

sorglos
Meaning
without care or attention; in a negligent or reckless manner
Example
He carelessly left the door unlocked.
Er ließ die Tür sorglos unverschlossen.
A1 verb /kʌt/

cut

schneiden
Meaning
to divide or separate with a sharp tool
Example
I cut the paper with scissors.
Ich schnitt das Papier mit einer Schere.
C1 noun /ˈkɒt.ən ˈfæb.rɪk/

Cotton Fabric

Baumwollstoff
Meaning
textile made from cotton fibers, known for being soft, breathable, and comfortable
Example
Cotton fabric is perfect for summer clothing.
Baumwollstoff ist perfekt für Sommerkleidung.
C2 verb /kəˈlʌmnieɪt/

calumniate

verleumden
Meaning
To make false and damaging statements about someone; to slander.
Example
He was furious when he realized they had calumniated his reputation.
Er war wütend, als er merkte, dass sie seinen Ruf verleumdet hatten.
C2 adjective /kəmˈbʌstɪbəl/

combustible

brennbar
Meaning
Capable of catching fire and burning easily.
Example
Dry leaves are highly combustible.
Trockene Blätter sind sehr brennbar.
B1 noun /ˌkɒn.trɪˈbjuː.ʃən/

contribution

Beitrag
Meaning
A gift or payment to a common fund or collection.
Example
His contribution to the project was vital.
Seine Beitrag zum Projekt war entscheidend.
B2 noun/adjective /səˈvɪliən/

civilian

Zivilist
Meaning
a person not in the armed forces or police
Example
The area was evacuated to protect the civilians.
Das Gebiet wurde evakuiert, um die Zivilisten zu schützen.
B1 noun /ˈtʃæn.əl/

Channel

Kanal; Wasserstraße; Mittel;
Meaning
a television or radio station; a passage for water or other liquids; a means of communication
Example
The news channel provided live coverage of the important event.
Der Nachrichtensender lieferte eine Live-Berichterstattung über das wichtige Ereignis.
A2 noun ˈtʃælɪndʒ

challenge

Herausforderung
Meaning
A call to take part in a contest or competition, especially a demanding or stimulating one; a task or situation that tests someone's abilities.
Example
Plastic pollution poses a significant challenge to global health.
Plastikverschmutzung stellt eine bedeutende Herausforderung für die globale Gesundheit dar.
B1 noun /ˈkwaɪər/

choir

Chor
Meaning
An organized group of singers, typically performing in church services or concerts.
Example
The choir sang beautifully during the ceremony.
Der Chor sang wunderschön während der Zeremonie.
C2 adjective /kənˈkɒmɪtənt/

concomitant

begleitend
Meaning
Naturally accompanying or associated with something.
Example
Increased stress is often concomitant with long working hours.
Erhöhter Stress geht oft mit langen Arbeitsstunden einher.
C2 verb /koʊˈhɪr/

cohere

kohäreren
Meaning
To stick together; to be united logically or physically.
Example
The ideas in his essay cohere well.
Die Ideen in seinem Aufsatz kohieren gut.
C2 adjective ˈkoʊ.dʒənt

cogent

überzeugend
Meaning
Clear, logical, and convincing.
Example
His cogent argument convinced the jury.
Sein überzeugendes Argument überzeugte die Jury.
C2 verb /ˌsɜːrkəmˈnævɪɡeɪt/

circumnavigate

umsegeln
Meaning
to travel all the way around something, especially the earth
Example
Magellan was the first to circumnavigate the globe.
Magellan war der erste, der den Globus umsegelt hat.
C1 noun /kənˈtɪnjuəm/

continuum

Kontinuum
Meaning
A continuous sequence in which adjacent elements are not perceptibly different from each other, but the extremes are quite distinct.
Example
Life and death are often seen as part of the same continuum.
Leben und Tod werden oft als Teil des gleichen Kontinuums betrachtet.
B1 noun /ˈkɑːr.pən.tər/

Carpenter

Schreiner
Meaning
a person who makes and repairs wooden objects and structures
Example
The carpenter built a beautiful wooden cabinet for the kitchen.
The carpenter built a beautiful wooden cabinet for the kitchen.
B2 adjective /ˈkælkjuleɪtɪd/

calculated

berechnet
Meaning
Done with full awareness of the consequences; deliberate or carefully planned.
Example
Her calculated move gave her an advantage over her competitors.
Ihr berechneter Zug verschaffte ihr einen Vorteil gegenüber ihren Mitbewerbern.
C1 noun /ˈkɔːrdən/

cordon

Absperrung
Meaning
a line or circle of police, soldiers, or guards preventing access
Example
The police set up a cordon around the crime scene.
Die Polizei errichtete ein Kordon um den Tatort.
A2 adjective /ˈkɒm.ən/

common

gemeinsam
Meaning
occurring frequently or widely; shared by all
Example
It is common to see traffic in the city during rush hour.
Es ist üblich, während der Stoßzeit Verkehr in der Stadt zu sehen.
A1 adjective /tʃiːp/

Cheap

billig; preiswert
Meaning
low in price; costing little money
Example
This restaurant serves cheap but delicious food.
Dieses Restaurant serviert billiges, aber leckeres Essen.
C2 verb /ˈtʃeɪfɪŋ/

chafing

reiben bis es schmerzt
Meaning
To make sore by rubbing; to become irritated.
Example
The rough shoes were chafing his heels.
Die rauen Schuhe rieben an seinen Fersen.
B2 noun /kɒk/

Cock

Hahn
Meaning
an adult male chicken
Example
The cock crowed loudly at dawn to wake everyone up.
Der Hahn krähte laut bei Tagesanbruch, um alle zu wecken.
C1 adjective ˈkʌm.bə.səm

cumbersome

schwer, sperrig, schwierig zu handhaben
Meaning
Heavy, unwieldy, difficult to handle or carry.
Example
The cumbersome luggage slowed him down.
Das schwere Gepäck hat ihn langsamer gemacht.
B2 adjective /ˈtʃeɪn.dʒə.bəl/

Changeable

veränderbar; unbeständig
Meaning
able to be changed; likely to change frequently
Example
The weather is very changeable in spring.
Das Wetter ist im Frühling sehr wechselhaft.
C2 noun /ˈʃɛvrən/

chevron

V-förmiges Symbol
Meaning
A V-shaped pattern, often used in military insignia or design.
Example
The sergeant’s uniform displayed three chevrons on the sleeve.
Die Uniform des Sergeanten zeigte drei Chevrons auf dem Ärmel.
B1 adjective kəˈmɜː.ʃəl

commercial

kommerziell
Meaning
Concerned with or engaged in commerce; having profit as a primary aim rather than artistic or other value.
Example
Commercial hubs attract investments.
Kommerzielle Zentren ziehen Investitionen an.
A2 noun /ˈkʌm.pə.ni/

company

Unternehmen
Meaning
a business organization; the presence of other people
Example
She started her own company to sell handmade products.
Sie gründete ihr eigenes Unternehmen, um handgemachte Produkte zu verkaufen.
A2 verb /ˈkʌv.ərd/

covered

bedeckt
Meaning
Protected by being placed over or wrapped; hidden from view.
Example
The forest is covered in greenery.
Der Wald ist mit Grün bedeckt.
B2 adjective /ˈkɒm.pɪ.tənt/

Competent

kompetent; fähig
Meaning
having the necessary skill or knowledge to do something successfully; capable
Example
She is a competent manager who handles all tasks efficiently.
Sie ist eine kompetente Managerin, die alle Aufgaben effizient erledigt.
C1 adjective /kəˈrəʊsɪv/

corrosive

korrosiv, schädlich
Meaning
tending to cause corrosion; harmful or destructive to materials or people
Example
The chemical is highly corrosive and should be handled with care.
Die Chemikalie ist hochkorrosiv und sollte mit Vorsicht gehandhabt werden.
C2 noun /ˈkæʒuɪstri/

casuistry

Kasuistry
Meaning
The use of clever but false reasoning, especially in relation to moral questions.
Example
The lawyer’s argument was dismissed as mere casuistry.
Das Argument des Anwalts wurde als bloße Kasuistry abgewiesen.
B1 adjective /kəˈlɛktɪd/

collected

ruhig
Meaning
calm and in control of oneself
Example
She remained calm and collected during the crisis.
Sie blieb ruhig und gesammelt während der Krise.
B2 adjective /ˈsɪn.ɪ.kəl/

cynical

zynisch
Meaning
Believing that people are motivated by self-interest; distrustful of human sincerity or integrity.
Example
She was cynical about the politician's promises.
Sie war zynisch gegenüber den Versprechungen des Politikers.
C2 noun /ˈklæpər/

clapper

das Metallstück im Inneren einer Glocke, das diese schlägt, um einen Ton zu erzeugen
Meaning
The free-swinging metal piece inside a bell that strikes it to produce sound.
Example
The clapper inside the bell was broken.
Das Metallstück im Inneren der Glocke war kaputt.
B1 noun /ˈkʌˈs.təm/

Custom

Brauchtum; Praxis; Zollgebühr;
Meaning
a traditional practice or behavior; duties levied on imports; habitual practice
Example
It is a local custom to remove shoes before entering someone's home.
Es ist ein lokales Brauchtum, die Schuhe auszuziehen, bevor man in das Haus eines anderen tritt.
B2 noun /ˈkæs.ər.oʊl bɑːks/

Casserole box

Auflaufform
Meaning
a covered dish used for cooking and serving food, especially baked dishes
Example
The casserole box kept the food warm during the dinner party.
Die Auflaufform hielt das Essen während der Dinnerparty warm.
C2 noun /ˈkɒntrəriz/

contraries

gegensätzliche Dinge
Meaning
things that are completely different or opposite to each other
Example
Freedom and slavery are contraries in every sense.
Freiheit und Sklaverei sind in jeder Hinsicht Gegensätze.
B2 noun /ˈkɒmpɪtəns/

competence

Kompetenz
Meaning
the ability to do something successfully or efficiently
Example
Her competence as a manager impressed the board.
Ihre Kompetenz als Managerin beeindruckte das Gremium.
B2 noun /ˈkʌm.pəs/

Compass

kompass
Meaning
an instrument for finding direction with a magnetic needle pointing to magnetic north
Example
The hiker used a compass to find the right direction.
Der Wanderer benutzte einen Kompass, um die richtige Richtung zu finden.
B2 verb /kənˈsɜːrv/

conserve

bewahren
Meaning
to protect something from harm or destruction; to use resources carefully to avoid waste
Example
We must conserve water during the dry season.
Wir müssen Wasser während der Trockenzeit sparen.
B2 verb /kəˈmɛnd/

commend

loben
Meaning
to praise formally or officially
Example
The teacher commended the students for their hard work.
Der Lehrer lobte die Schüler für ihre harte Arbeit.