Circumstances
All a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z
All CEFR A1 A2 B1 B2 C1 C2
Content locale
EN Английский BN Бенгальский HI Хинди ES Испанский FR Французский DE Немецкий RU Русский ZH Китайский JA Японский
All Vocabulary Cards All Vocabularies
B1 noun /ˈsɜːr.kəmˌsˌtæn.sɪz/

Circumstances

обстоятельства
Meaning
the conditions that affect a situation, action, or event; facts or conditions connected with or relevant to an event
Example
Under normal circumstances, she would have arrived by now.
При обычных обстоятельствах она уже бы пришла.
C1 noun /ˈtʃæriət/

Chariot

боевое колесо
Meaning
an ancient horse-drawn vehicle used in warfare and racing
Example
The warrior rode his chariot into battle with great courage.
Воин поехал на своем боевом колесе в битву с великой храбростью.
C2 noun /ˈkɒrənɛt/

coronet

маленькая корона
Meaning
a small crown, especially one worn by a prince, princess, or noble
Example
She wore a delicate coronet on her head for the ceremony.
Она носила изящную маленькую корону на голове для церемонии.
C1 verb /ˈkrɪsən/

christen

крестить
Meaning
to give a name to someone at baptism or to name something officially
Example
They christened the ship after the queen.
Они крестили судно после королевы.
C1 verb /kʌl/

cull

отбирать
Meaning
to select or remove from a larger group, often to reduce numbers
Example
The farmers decided to cull the sick animals from the herd.
Фермеры решили отсеять больных животных из стада.
A2 noun tʃɔɪs

choice

выбор
Meaning
An act of selecting or making a decision when faced with two or more possibilities.
Example
Choice enhances decision-making.
Выбор улучшает процесс принятия решений.
B2 noun /kənˈsʌmp.ʃən/

Consumption

потребление
Meaning
The using up of a resource or the amount of a product consumed by consumers.
Example
High energy consumption leads to increased electricity bills.
Высокое потребление энергии приводит к увеличению счетов за электричество.
C1 noun/adjective /klɛft/

cleft

тресина
Meaning
a split or crack; a space or opening made by cleavage
Example
The goat disappeared into a cleft in the rocks.
Коза исчезла в тресине на скалах.
B2 verb /kəmˈpoʊz/

compose

сочинять
Meaning
to create music or writing; to make up; to calm oneself
Example
She composes beautiful songs.
Она сочиняет красивые песни.
C2 noun /ˌkɑːrt ˈblɑːnʃ/

carte blanche

Meaning
complete freedom to act as one wishes
Example
The manager gave her team carte blanche to design the project.
C1 noun /ˈkaʊn.tər kleɪm/

counter-claim

контриск
Meaning
a claim made to rebut a previous claim, often in legal contexts
Example
The defendant filed a counter-claim against the plaintiff.
Ответчик подал контриск против истца.
B2 noun /kənˈdʌktər/

conductor

дирижер / проводник
Meaning
a person who directs a performance or someone who collects fares on public transport; or a material that conducts electricity
Example
The conductor waved his baton to start the orchestra.
Дирижер взмахнул своей палочкой, чтобы начать оркестр.
B2 noun /kənˌfɪɡəˈreɪʃən/

configuration

конфигурация
Meaning
an arrangement of parts or elements in a particular form or structure
Example
The configuration of the system needs to be adjusted for better performance.
Конфигурация системы должна быть настроена для лучшей производительности.
C1 noun /kɔːrs flaʊər/

Course flour

грубая мука
Meaning
coarsely ground flour with larger particles, typically used for baking bread
Example
She used course flour to make homemade bread with a rustic texture.
Она использовала грубую муку для приготовления домашнего хлеба с деревенской текстурой.
C1 noun /ˌkɒn.əˈsɜːr/

connoisseur

знаток
Meaning
an expert judge in matters of taste, especially in food, art, or wine
Example
She is a true connoisseur of fine art.
Она настоящий знаток изобразительного искусства.
C1 verb /koʊks/

coax

уговорить
Meaning
to persuade someone gently or gradually to do something
Example
She managed to coax the cat out of the tree with some food.
Ей удалось уговорить кошку спуститься с дерева с помощью еды.
B2 adjective /ˈsɛl.əˌbreɪ.tɪd/

celebrated

знаменитый
Meaning
Widely known and praised; famous for an achievement.
Example
He is a celebrated author in the field of literature.
Он знаменитый автор в области литературы.
C2 verb /ˈtʃæfɪŋ/

chaffing

подшучивать
Meaning
Teasing or joking in a lighthearted way.
Example
They were chaffing each other during lunch.
Они подшучивали друг над другом во время обеда.
C2 adjective /krɪˈpʌskjʊlər/

crepuscular

относится к сумеркам
Meaning
relating to twilight or active during twilight
Example
Bats are crepuscular animals, most active at dawn and dusk.
Летучие мыши — сумеречные животные, самые активные на рассвете и на закате.
C2 noun /kənˈtɔːrʃən/

contortion

искривленная или согнутая форма; действие, когда что-то изгибается или искажается
Meaning
a twisted or bent shape; the act of twisting out of the normal shape
Example
The gymnast's contortion amazed the audience.
Контортия гимнаста поразила зрителей.
B2 noun/verb /kjuː/

cue

сигнал
Meaning
A signal or prompt for action; to give a signal.
Example
The actor waited for his cue before entering the stage.
Актер ждал своего сигнала перед тем, как выйти на сцену.
C2 noun /kəˈleɪʃən/

collation

колляция
Meaning
the act of collecting, comparing, and arranging in proper order
Example
The librarian spent hours on the collation of old manuscripts.
Библиотекарь провел часы, собирая старые манускрипты.
C1 noun /ˈkroʊ.bɑːr/

Crowbar

лом
Meaning
a heavy iron bar with a curved end used as a lever for prying things apart
Example
He used a crowbar to remove the old nails.
Он использовал лом, чтобы удалить старые гвозди.
B1 noun ˌkriː.eɪˈtɪv.ɪ.ti

creativity

креативность
Meaning
The ability to use imagination to produce original ideas or to make something new or imaginative.
Example
His creativity was evident in his artwork.
Его креативность была очевидна в его искусстве.
B1 adjective /ˈtʃælɪndʒɪŋ/

challenging

сложный
Meaning
difficult in a way that tests one's abilities
Example
The mountain climb was challenging but rewarding.
Подъем на гору был сложным, но полезным.
B2 noun /kəˈlɑːʒ/

collage

коллаж
Meaning
A piece of art made by sticking various materials such as photographs or paper onto a surface.
Example
She created a collage using old magazine pictures.
Она создала коллаж, используя старые фотографии из журналов.
C2 adjective /tʃeɪst/

Chaste

целомудренный; добродетельный
Meaning
pure and morally good; abstaining from sexual activity
Example
She lived a chaste and virtuous life.
Она прожила целомудренную и добродетельную жизнь.
C2 adjective /ˈkɑːrnəl/

carnal

плотский
Meaning
Relating to physical, especially sexual, desires and appetites.
Example
The book explores the conflict between spiritual and carnal desires.
Книга исследует конфликт между духовными и плотскими желаниями.
B1 adjective /ˈtʃɑːr.mɪŋ/

charming

очаровательный
Meaning
Very pleasing or delightful in a way that attracts people.
Example
The village is full of charming little houses.
Деревня полна очаровательных маленьких домов.
C1 adjective /klænˈdɛstaɪn/

clandestine

Meaning
kept secret or done secretly, especially for illicit purposes
Example
They held a clandestine meeting late at night.
A2 verb /tʃiːt/

cheat

жульничать
Meaning
to act dishonestly; to break rules for advantage
Example
He cheats on the exam by copying answers.
Он обманывает на экзамене, копируя ответы.
C2 noun /ˌkɑːnfɔːrˈmeɪʃən/

conformation

конформация
Meaning
The shape, structure, or arrangement of something.
Example
The scientist studied the molecular conformation of the protein.
Ученый изучал молекулярную конфигурацию белка.
C1 adjective /kəˈnɒnɪkəl/

canonical

канонический / принятый
Meaning
Conforming to a general rule or accepted standard; officially recognized.
Example
Shakespeare’s works are considered canonical in English literature.
Произведения Шекспира считаются каноническими в английской литературе.
C2 noun /ˌkælɪsˈθɛnɪks/

calisthenics

физические упражнения
Meaning
exercises that use body weight for strength and flexibility
Example
She practices calisthenics every morning in the park.
Она занимается калистеникой каждое утро в парке.
B2 noun /ˌklæsɪfɪˈkeɪʃən/

classification

классификация
Meaning
the action or process of classifying something into groups based on shared characteristics.
Example
The classification of animals helps in understanding their biology.
Классификация животных помогает понять их биологию.
B2 noun /kənˈtroʊlər/

controller

контроллер
Meaning
a person or device that manages, directs, or regulates something
Example
The game controller made it easy to play the video game.
Контроллер игры упростил игру в видеоигры.
C2 noun /klɛərˈvɔɪəns/

clairvoyance

предсказание
Meaning
the supposed ability to perceive events beyond normal sensory contact; psychic insight
Example
She claimed to have clairvoyance and predicted the future.
Она утверждала, что у нее есть предсказания, и предсказала будущее.
A2 adverb /ˈsɜː.tən.li/

Certainly

определённо
Meaning
without doubt; definitely; used to agree or give permission
Example
I will certainly help you with this project.
Я, без сомнения, помогу вам с этим проектом.
C2 noun /ˈkjʊriˌoʊ/

curio

курьезный предмет
Meaning
a small unusual or interesting object, often collected for its rarity
Example
She bought a curio from the antique shop.
Она купила курьезный предмет в антикварном магазине.
B2 verb, noun /ˈkɒntɛst/

contest

оспаривать, конкурс
Meaning
verb: to compete or challenge; noun: a competition or dispute
Example
She decided to contest the election against the incumbent.
Она решила оспаривать выборы против действующего кандидата.
B2 noun /kɔːrps/

corpse

тело
Meaning
a dead body, especially of a human
Example
The police discovered a corpse in the abandoned house.
Полиция обнаружила тело в заброшенном доме.
B2 adjective /ˈsɪvɪk/

civic

гражданский
Meaning
relating to a city, town, or the duties of its citizens
Example
The mayor encouraged people to take part in civic activities.
Мэр призвал людей принимать участие в гражданских мероприятиях.
B2 noun /kənˈdʒʌŋkʃən/

conjunction

союз
Meaning
a word used to connect clauses or sentences, or to coordinate words
Example
The words 'and' and 'but' are common conjunctions.
Слова 'и' и 'но' — это общие союзы.
B2 adjective /ˈklʌm.zi/

clumsy

неловкий
Meaning
awkward in movement or lacking skill
Example
He is so clumsy that he drops things all the time.
Он такой неуклюжий, что постоянно роняет вещи.
B2 adjective /kəʊˈɒpərətɪv/

cooperative

кооперативный
Meaning
willing to work or act together with others for a common purpose
Example
She was very cooperative during the interview process.
Она была очень кооперативной во время интервью.
B2 adjective ˈkɒɡnɪtɪv

cognitive

когнитивный
Meaning
Related to mental processes of perception, memory, judgment, and reasoning.
Example
Cognitive functions improve with practice and learning.
Когнитивные функции улучшаются с практикой и обучением.
B1 noun sɪvɪˈlɪzeɪʃənz

civilizations

цивилизации
Meaning
The stage of human social development and organization that is considered most advanced.
Example
Ancient civilizations developed complex systems of governance.
Древние цивилизации развили сложные системы управления.
C1 adjective /kənˈtɪɡ.ju.əs/

contiguous

смежный
Meaning
sharing a common border; touching
Example
The two continguous houses shared a wall.
Два смежных дома поделились стеной.
C2 verb /ˈkæstɪˌɡeɪt/

castigate

кастрировать
Meaning
To criticize someone severely or to punish harshly.
Example
The teacher castigated the students for their poor behavior.
Учитель наказал студентов за их плохое поведение.
B2 noun /ˈkrɪtɪk/

critic

критик
Meaning
A person who judges the merits of something, especially art or literature
Example
The film critic praised the director's latest movie.
Кинокритик похвалил последний фильм режиссера.
C2 noun /kaɪˈmɪərə/

chimera

химера
Meaning
A mythical creature with parts from different animals; also used to mean a fanciful illusion or unattainable dream.
Example
The idea of a perfect society is often a chimera.
Идея о совершенном обществе часто является химерой.
A2 adjective /ˈkruːəl/

cruel

жестокий
Meaning
Willfully causing pain or suffering to others, or feeling no concern about it.
Example
It was cruel to make fun of the injured boy.
Было жестоко смеяться над раненым мальчиком.
B2 verb /siːs/

cease

прекращать
Meaning
to bring or come to an end; to stop doing something
Example
The noise ceased as soon as the children went inside.
Шум прекратился, как только дети зашли внутрь.
C2 verb /koʊˈæɡjəˌleɪt/

coagulate

сворачиваться
Meaning
to cause a liquid, especially blood, to change into a solid or semi-solid state
Example
The blood quickly coagulated after the cut.
Кровь быстро свернулась после пореза.
C2 noun /ˌkɒməˈsɛəriət/

commissariat

снабженческий отдел
Meaning
A department responsible for supplying food and equipment, especially in the military.
Example
The army commissariat ensured that the soldiers had enough supplies.
Армейский снабженческий отдел обеспечил, чтобы солдаты имели достаточно припасов.
B1 noun ˈkæn.dɪ.deɪts

candidates

кандидаты
Meaning
A person who applies for a job or is nominated for election; someone being considered for a position.
Example
Candidates undergo a rigorous selection process.
Кандидаты проходят строгий процесс отбора.
B2 adjective /ˈkɑːmjənl/

communal

общинный
Meaning
Shared by all members of a community; for common use.
Example
The villagers worked together in the communal garden.
Жители деревни вместе работали в общинном саду.
B2 noun /ˈkaʊ.ərd/

Coward

трус
Meaning
a person who lacks the courage to do or endure dangerous or unpleasant things
Example
He called himself a coward for not standing up to the bully.
Он назвал себя трусом, потому что не встал против хулигана.
B2 noun ˈkæp.sjuːl

capsule

Капсула. Маленькая растворимая оболочка из желатина, содержащая дозу лекарства, которую проглатывают целиком.
Meaning
A small soluble case of gelatin containing a dose of medicine, swallowed whole.
Example
Capsules contain controlled environments.
Капсулы содержат контролируемые условия.
C1 adjective /ˈkɑːr.di.æk/

cardiac

кардиологический
Meaning
Relating to the heart.
Example
The patient was admitted with a cardiac condition.
Пациент был принят с кардиологическим заболеванием.
B1 noun /kənˌfɜːˈmeɪʃən/

confirmation

подтверждение
Meaning
the action of confirming something or the state of being confirmed
Example
She received a confirmation email for her appointment.
Она получила электронное письмо с подтверждением о своем назначении.
B2 adverb /ˈkɒnsɪkwəntli/

consequently

следовательно
Meaning
as a result; therefore
Example
He didn’t study, and consequently he failed the exam.
Он не учился, и, следовательно, не сдал экзамен.
B1 noun /ˌkɒmpəˈzɪʃən/

composition

композиция
Meaning
the act of creating a piece of writing, music, or art; the way parts are arranged
Example
Her composition won first prize in the contest.
Ее композиция выиграла первый приз на конкурсе.
A2 noun /kənˌɡrætʃ.əˈleɪ.ʃənz/

Congratulations

поздравления
Meaning
words expressing praise for an achievement or good wishes on a special occasion
Example
Congratulations on your promotion! You really deserved this success.
Поздравляю с повышением! Ты действительно заслужил этот успех.
B2 adjective /kəˈreɪdʒəs/

Courageous

смелый; бесстрашный; проявляющий мужество перед лицом опасности
Meaning
brave; fearless; showing courage in the face of danger
Example
The courageous firefighter rescued the family from the burning building.
Смелый пожарный спас семью из горящего здания.
A2 noun,verb /kɔːrt/

court

суд или место для поиска внимания или расположения
Meaning
a place where legal cases are heard or to seek favor or attention
Example
He courted the judge with respect.
Он судил судью с уважением.
C2 noun /səˈlɛrɪti/

celerity

проворность
Meaning
swiftness of movement; speed
Example
The soldier moved with great celerity to deliver the message.
Солдат двигался с большой проворностью, чтобы доставить сообщение.
A2 noun /kæmp/

Camp

лагерь
Meaning
a place where soldiers live temporarily; a place with tents or huts for temporary accommodation
Example
The military established a camp near the border.
Армия создала лагерь возле границы.
C1 noun/verb /ˈkætəpʌlt/

catapult

катапульта
Meaning
A device for launching objects at high speed; to hurl or launch something suddenly.
Example
The invention catapulted him to international fame.
Изобретение катапультировало его к международной славе.
C1 noun /kuːp/

coop

маленький вольер или клетка для кур или других птиц
Meaning
a small enclosure or cage for chickens or other birds
Example
The farmer checked the chickens in the coop every morning.
Фермер проверял кур каждое утро в курятнике.
C2 noun /ˈkæriən/

carrion

труп
Meaning
the decaying flesh of dead animals
Example
Vultures feed on carrion left in the fields.
Стервятники кормятся трупом, оставшимся на полях.
C2 noun /ˈklaɪmɪŋ fɪʃ/

Climbing-fish

лезущий рыб
Meaning
a type of fish that can climb trees and survive out of water for short periods
Example
The climbing-fish can move from one pond to another by climbing trees.
Лезущая рыба может перемещаться с одного пруда в другой, забираясь на деревья.
C1 adjective ˈkrɪp.tɪk

cryptic

криптический, загадочный, неясный
Meaning
Having a meaning that is mysterious or obscure; difficult to understand.
Example
The message was cryptic and hard to decipher.
Сообщение было криптическим и трудным для расшифровки.
C1 noun /ˈkætərækt/

cataract

катаракта / водопад
Meaning
A medical condition causing clouding of the eye's lens; also a large waterfall.
Example
The old man suffered from cataracts in both eyes.
Пожилой человек страдал от катаракты в обоих глазах.
B2 noun /kəˈrɪkjələm/

curriculum

учебный план
Meaning
The subjects comprising a course of study in a school, college, or university.
Example
The school updated its curriculum to include more digital literacy courses.
Школа обновила свой учебный план, чтобы включить больше курсов по цифровой грамотности.
B1 noun /kəmˈpleɪnt/

complaint

жалоба
Meaning
a statement that something is wrong or not satisfactory
Example
The manager received a complaint from a customer about poor service.
Менеджер получил жалобу от клиента по поводу плохого обслуживания.
B1 verb /kəˈmjuː.nɪ.keɪt/

communicate

Meaning
to share or exchange information, ideas, or feelings
Example
They used gestures to communicate across the noisy room.
B1 noun /sɛl/

cell

клетка / клетка
Meaning
a small basic unit of life; or a small enclosed space like a prison room
Example
The prisoner was locked in a small cell.
Заключенного заперли в маленькой камере.
C1 noun ˈkeɪ.dəns

cadence

ритм речи с подъемом и падением тона
Meaning
The rhythm and flow of speech with rise and fall in tone.
Example
His speech had a natural cadence that captivated the audience.
Его речь имела естественную каденцию, которая очаровала аудиторию.
B2 verb /kənˈfɔːrm/

conform

соблюдать
Meaning
To comply with rules, standards, or laws.
Example
Students must conform to the school regulations.
Студенты должны соблюдать школьные правила.
C2 verb /kruːn/

croon

петь или напевать мягким, низким и нежным голосом
Meaning
to sing or hum in a soft, low, and gentle voice
Example
She crooned a lullaby to help the baby fall asleep.
Она напевала колыбельную, чтобы помочь малышу уснуть.
B2 verb kəˈlæbəreɪt

collaborate

сотрудничать
Meaning
To work jointly with others, especially in an intellectual endeavor; cooperate.
Example
Volunteers often collaborate with local organizations.
Волонтеры часто сотрудничают с местными организациями.
A1 noun /tʃaɪld/

child

ребёнок
Meaning
a young human being below the age of puberty or below the legal age of majority
Example
The child played happily in the park.
Ребёнок играл радостно в парке.
C2 noun /ˈkærɪlɒn/

carillon

карильон
Meaning
A set of bells played using a keyboard, usually in a tower.
Example
The carillon bells rang across the town square.
Звуки карильона разнеслись по площади города.
C2 adjective /ˌkrɪp.təˈɡræf.ɪk/

cryptographic

криптографический
Meaning
Relating to cryptography; involving or using secret codes or ciphers for security.
Example
Banks use cryptographic technology to protect transactions.
Банки используют криптографические технологии для защиты транзакций.
C1 verb /ˈkætəˌlaɪz/

catalyze

катализировать
Meaning
To cause or accelerate a reaction or change.
Example
The new law catalyzed reforms across the sector.
Новый закон ускорил реформы в секторе.
C2 noun /kəˈlɒsəs/

colossus

колосс
Meaning
A person or thing of enormous size, importance, or ability.
Example
Einstein was a colossus in the world of science.
Эйнштейн был колоссом в мире науки.
B1 noun /ˈkaʊnti/

county

округ
Meaning
A territorial division within a country, typically a region with its own local government.
Example
She grew up in a small county in northern England.
Она выросла в маленьком округе на севере Англии.
C1 verb /kəˈpɪtjʊˌleɪt/

capitulate

капитулировать
Meaning
to surrender or give in after resisting
Example
The army had no choice but to capitulate to the enemy.
Армия не имела другого выбора, как капитулировать перед врагом.
B2 noun /ˈkɒm.ɪt/

Comet

комета
Meaning
a celestial object consisting of ice and dust that develops a tail when approaching the sun
Example
Halley's Comet appears in the sky every 76 years.
Комета Галлея появляется на небе каждые 76 лет.
A2 noun /ˈkʌp.bɔːrd/

Cupboard

шкаф
Meaning
a piece of furniture with doors and shelves for storing dishes, food, or clothes
Example
She stored all the plates and bowls in the kitchen cupboard.
Она поставила все тарелки и миски в кухонный шкаф.
C2 noun /ˈkʌstərd ˈæpəl/

Custard Apple

кремовое яблоко
Meaning
a tropical fruit with sweet creamy white flesh and black seeds
Example
The custard apple has a sweet and creamy texture.
Кремовое яблоко имеет сладкую и кремовую текстуру.
A2 noun /ˈkæm.əl/

Camel

верблюд
Meaning
a large animal with one or two humps on its back that lives in hot dry places
Example
The camel walked slowly across the desert sand.
Верблюд медленно шел по песку пустыни.
A2 noun /ˈtʃaɪldhʊd/

childhood

детство
Meaning
the period of being a child
Example
She spent her childhood in a small village.
Она провела своё детство в маленькой деревне.
A2 noun /ˈkær.ɪk.tər/

Character

характер; личность; черта;
Meaning
the mental and moral qualities distinctive to an individual; a person in a novel, play, or film
Example
She showed great character by helping others during the crisis.
Она проявила большой характер, помогая другим в кризисной ситуации.
C1 noun /ˈkroʊniˌɪzəm/

cronyism

кумовство
Meaning
The practice of favoring friends or associates, especially in political appointments or business deals.
Example
The company was accused of cronyism in hiring practices.
Компания была обвинена в кумовстве при найме сотрудников.
C2 verb /ˌkaʊntərˈveɪl/

countervail

компенсировать
Meaning
to offset or counteract the effect of something
Example
The benefits of the new policy countervail its drawbacks.
Польза от новой политики компенсирует её недостатки.
B1 noun /ˈkɑn.tent/

Content

довольный
Meaning
pleased and satisfied; the things that are contained in something; subject matter of a text
Example
She felt content with her simple life in the countryside.
Она была довольна своей простой жизнью в деревне.
C1 noun /kliːk/

clique

клика
Meaning
a small, exclusive group of people
Example
The students formed a clique that excluded others.
Студенты создали клику, которая исключала других.
C1 adjective /kəˈmɛmərətɪv/

commemorative

памятный
Meaning
Serving as a reminder or in honor of a person or event.
Example
They issued a commemorative coin for the independence anniversary.
Они выпустили памятную монету в честь годовщины независимости.
A2 adjective /ˈkraʊdɪd/

crowded

счастье
Meaning
filled with too many people or things
Example
The bus was so crowded that I could hardly move.
Она не могла скрыть своего счастья, когда получила награду.
B2 verb /ˌkoʊ.ɪnˈsaɪd/

coincide

совпадать
Meaning
To occur at the same time or to be in agreement.
Example
The meeting coincided with her birthday.
Встреча совпала с её днём рождения.
C1 adjective ˌkɑːr.sɪ.nəˈdʒen.ɪk

carcinogenic

канцерогенный
Meaning
Having the potential to cause cancer in living tissue.
Example
Processed meat contains carcinogenic compounds.
Переработанное мясо содержит канцерогенные соединения.
C1 noun kəˈmɛns.mənt

commencement

начало
Meaning
The beginning of something; a ceremony at which degrees or diplomas are conferred on graduating students.
Example
The commencement ceremony marked the start of a new journey.
Церемония начала отметила начало нового пути.
C1 noun /ˈkoʊmə/

coma

кома
Meaning
A deep state of prolonged unconsciousness caused by illness or injury.
Example
The patient remained in a coma for several weeks.
Пациент находился в коме несколько недель.
B1 adverb /ˈkɑːm.li/

Calmly

спокойно
Meaning
in a peaceful way without showing strong emotions; quietly and without excitement
Example
She spoke calmly despite being angry.
Она говорила спокойно, несмотря на злость.
C2 noun /ˈkɔː.seər/

corsair

пират
Meaning
a pirate, especially one operating along the Mediterranean coasts
Example
The corsair plundered ships along the coast.
Корсар грабил корабли вдоль побережья.
C1 noun /ˈtʃaɪ.nə.weər/

China-ware

фарфоровая посуда
Meaning
dishes, plates, cups, and other tableware made of porcelain or fine ceramic
Example
The expensive china-ware was displayed in the cabinet.
Дорогие фарфоровые изделия были выставлены в шкафу.
C1 adjective ˌkaʊntəprəˈdʌktɪv

counterproductive

контрпродуктивный
Meaning
Having the opposite of the desired effect; tending to hinder rather than help.
Example
Counterproductive activities often stem from dissatisfaction.
Контрпродуктивные действия часто возникают из недовольства.
B2 noun /ˌkɔːrpəˈreɪʃən/

corporation

корпорация
Meaning
A large company or group of companies that is legally recognized as a single entity.
Example
The corporation invested heavily in renewable energy projects.
Корпорация сделала большие инвестиции в проекты по возобновляемой энергии.
B2 adjective ˌkɒntrəˈdɪktəri

contradictory

противоречивый
Meaning
Mutually opposed or inconsistent; containing elements that oppose each other.
Example
Their views on education are contradictory.
Их взгляды на образование противоречивы.
C2 adjective /krʌˈsteɪʃəs/

crustaceous

с жесткой оболочкой
Meaning
relating to or having a hard shell like a crustacean
Example
The scientist studied the crustaceous fossils.
Учёный изучал окаменелости с жесткой оболочкой.
C1 adjective /ˈkɒn.ɪ.fər.əs/

coniferous

относящийся к хвойным деревьям
Meaning
Relating to cone-bearing trees that usually have needle-like leaves and remain green year-round.
Example
Pine trees are coniferous and grow in colder climates.
Сосны являются хвойными деревьями и растут в более холодных климатах.
A2 verb /tʃɑːrdʒ/

charge

взимать плату/обвинять
Meaning
to demand payment; to formally accuse; to rush forward aggressively
Example
The store charges extra for home delivery.
Магазин взимает дополнительную плату за доставку на дом.
B1 noun /kəˈnuː/

Canoe

каноэ
Meaning
a narrow boat pointed at both ends and moved with a paddle
Example
They paddled their canoe down the peaceful stream.
Они гребли на своей каноэ по тихому потоку.
C2 noun /ˈkeɪ.nə.naɪt/

canaanite

кананитянин
Meaning
a member of a people who lived in the ancient land of Canaan in the Middle East
Example
The Canaanites were known for their advanced trade networks.
Кананейцы были известны своими передовыми торговыми сетями.
A2 noun /kɑːrˈtuːn/

cartoon

мультсериал
Meaning
a humorous or animated drawing, especially one in newspapers or television
Example
Children love watching cartoons on TV.
Дети любят смотреть мультсериалы по телевизору.
B2 noun ক্লাইম্যাটিক কন্ডিশন্স

climatic conditions

климатические условия
Meaning
The atmospheric or weather patterns of a particular region.
Example
Specific climatic conditions are required for snowfall.
Для снега необходимы специфические климатические условия.
C1 adjective /kənˈteɪ.dʒəs/

Contagious

заразный; инфекционный
Meaning
likely to spread to and affect others; infectious
Example
Her laughter is contagious and makes everyone smile.
Её смех заразителен и заставляет всех улыбаться.
C2 noun /ˌkɒl.əˈneɪd/

colonnade

колоннада
Meaning
A row of evenly spaced columns supporting a roof, often in classical architecture.
Example
The visitors admired the grand colonnade at the entrance of the temple.
Посетители восхищались большой колоннадой у входа в храм.
B1 verb /kənˈvɪns/

convince

убедить
Meaning
to make someone believe or feel certain about something
Example
She convinced him to attend the meeting.
Она убедила его пойти на встречу.