To challenge someone to fight or compete.
jemanden herausfordern, zu kämpfen oder zu konkurrieren. (jemanden herausfordern, zu kämpfen oder zu konkurrieren)
"He threw down the gauntlet by questioning his opponent’s honesty."
"er warf den Handschuh, indem er die Ehrlichkeit seines Gegners in Frage stellte." (er warf den Handschuh, indem er die Ehrlichkeit seines Gegners in Frage stellte)
to do something different or unconventional
something that gives encouragement or energy
To radically change an industry with innovation.
to replace old things or ideas with new ones
to swear that something is true, often said with sincerity
something that makes someone feel very happy or pleased