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/ɑːrˈbɔːr.i.əl/
adjective
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Relating to trees or living in trees; tree-dwelling.
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Monkeys are arboreal animals that spend most of their time in trees.
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tree-dwelling, forest-related, woody
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terrestrial, ground-dwelling, non-forest
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/ˌiː.kəˈlɒdʒ.ɪ.kəl/
adjective
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Relating to ecology or the relationships between living organisms and their environment.
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The factory adopted ecological practices to reduce pollution.
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environmental, green, sustainable
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artificial, non-biological, man-made
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/ˈkɒn.ɪ.fər.əs/
adjective
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Relating to cone-bearing trees that usually have needle-like leaves and remain green year-round.
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Pine trees are coniferous and grow in colder climates.
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needle-leaved, pine-bearing, evergreen
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deciduous, leaf-shedding, non-coniferous
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/dɪˈsɪd.ju.əs/
adjective
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Referring to trees that shed their leaves seasonally, typically in autumn.
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Oak and maple trees are deciduous , shedding leaves in autumn.
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leaf-shedding, seasonal, broad-leaved
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evergreen, perennial, coniferous
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/ˈtrɒp.ɪ.kəl/
adjective
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Relating to the tropics; characterized by hot and humid climate.
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The Amazon rainforest is home to many tropical species.
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equatorial, hot-climate, humid
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temperate, arctic, cold-climate
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/ˈɛv.ə.ɡriːn/
adjective
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Remaining green and functional throughout the year; not shedding leaves seasonally.
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Evergreen trees like pine and fir stay green year-round.
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perennial, constant, always-green
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deciduous, seasonal, leaf-shedding
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/ˈkæn.ə.pi/
noun
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The upper layer of a forest formed by the crowns of trees; overhead cover.
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The rainforest canopy provides shelter to many birds and insects.
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overhead cover, tree cover, forest roof
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understory, ground layer, open space
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/ˈfɔː.nə/
noun
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The animal life of a particular region, habitat, or geological period.
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The fauna of the African savannah includes lions and elephants.
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wildlife, animals, zoological life
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flora, plants, vegetation
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/ˈhæb.ɪ.tæt/
noun
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The natural environment where an organism lives and meets its needs.
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The polar bear's natural habitat is the Arctic region.
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natural environment, ecosystem, living area
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uninhabitable, artificial setting, displacement
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/ˌbaɪ.əʊ.daɪˈvɜː.sɪ.ti/
noun
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The variety of plant and animal life in a particular habitat or ecosystem.
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Protecting biodiversity helps maintain ecological balance.
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biological variety, species richness, ecological diversity
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extinction, homogeneity, monoculture
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/ˈflɔː.rə/
noun
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The plant life found in a particular region or habitat.
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The Amazon rainforest is home to a vast flora diversity.
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plant life, vegetation, botany
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/səkˈsɛʃ.ən/
noun
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The process of ecological change in which one community of organisms is gradually replaced by another.
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Forest succession occurs when old ecosystems are replaced by new ones.
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ecological progression, natural development, evolution
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stagnation, unchangeability, constancy
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/prɪˌsɪp.ɪˈteɪ.ʃən/
noun
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Water that falls from the atmosphere to the Earth's surface, including rain, snow, sleet, and hail.
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Heavy precipitation can cause flooding in low-lying areas.
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rainfall, snowfall, moisture
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aridity, dryness, drought
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/ɛnˈdɛm.ɪk/
adjective
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Native to and found only in a particular region; not occurring naturally elsewhere.
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The Bengal tiger is endemic to the Indian subcontinent.
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native, localized, indigenous
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foreign, non-native, exotic
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/ˈmɒn.teɪn/
adjective
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Relating to mountainous regions; found in mountain environments.
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Montane forests host a variety of unique species.
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mountainous, highland, alpine
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/raɪˈpɛə.ri.ən/
adjective
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Relating to or situated on the banks of a river or other watercourse.
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Riparian vegetation helps prevent soil erosion along rivers.
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riverine, waterside, bank-related
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/ˌdiː.fɒr.ɪˈsteɪ.ʃən/
noun
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The action of clearing a wide area of trees; removal of forests.
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Deforestation leads to habitat loss and climate change.
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tree-cutting, land clearing, deforesting
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reforestation, afforestation, forest preservation
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/ˌfræɡ.mənˈteɪ.ʃən/
noun
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The process of breaking into fragments; division of habitat into isolated patches.
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Fragmentation of forests disrupts wildlife habitats.
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division, separation, disintegration
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integration, unification, continuity
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/ˈmaɪ.krəʊˌklaɪ.mət/
noun
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The climate of a small, specific area that differs from the surrounding climate.
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The microclimate in valleys is often cooler than in surrounding areas.
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local climate, environmental niche, weather condition
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global climate, uniformity, general weather
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/ˈʌn.dɚˌstɔː.ri/
noun
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The layer of vegetation beneath the main canopy of a forest.
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The understory of a rainforest is home to small mammals and insects.
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forest floor, lower vegetation, shrub layer
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canopy, open space, upper layer
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