CEFR Level
A local administrator or official who coordinates activities in a specific region.
"The resident coordinator welcomed all representatives."
Remaining after the greater part has gone.
"The patient experienced residual pain after the surgery."
A small amount of something that remains after the main part has been removed or used.
"There was a sticky residue left on the table after the spill."
A small amount of something that remains after the main part has gone or been taken or used.
"The burning process leaves no harmful residues."
a sticky organic substance, usually secreted by plants, often used in varnishes or plastics
"The craftsman used natural resin to make the sculpture shine."
tending to resist or oppose; in physics, relating to electrical resistance
"The material has resistive properties that slow down current flow."
Admirably purposeful, determined, and unwavering.
"He remained resolute despite the many challenges."
The quality of a sound being deep, full, and reverberating; the ability to evoke a strong response.
"Her voice had a resonance that filled the hall."
Deep, clear, and continuing to sound or echo.
"The resonant voice of the speaker filled the hall."
To produce or be filled with a deep, full, and reverberating sound; to evoke a feeling or memory.
"Her words resonated with the audience."
To fill a place with sound; to be celebrated or talked about widely.
"The hall resounded with applause."
Using resources in a way that minimizes waste and maximizes productivity.
"Resource-efficient farming conserves water and energy."
in a way that is worthy of respect; decently; properly
"She was dressed respectably for the interview."
The process of breathing or the exchange of gases in living organisms.
"Respiration is essential for all living beings."
A short period of rest or relief from something difficult or unpleasant.
"The weekend provided a welcome respite from work."
A person who replies to something, especially in a survey or legal case
"The survey had over 1,000 respondents."
The quality of reacting quickly and positively
"The manager appreciated her responsiveness to customer feedback."
The act of restoring something to its rightful owner or compensating for loss
"The court ordered restitution to the victims of the fraud."
characterized by reserve or self-control; held back
"Her restrained reaction surprised everyone."
The action of organizing something differently.
"The company underwent restructuring to improve efficiency."
The act of starting something again after a pause or interruption.
"The resumption of classes after the holidays brought excitement among students."
To rise, increase, or become active again after a decline.
"Interest in traditional crafts has begun to resurge."
An increase or revival after a period of little activity or decline.
"There has been a resurgence of interest in vintage fashion."
Becoming strong, active, or popular again.
"The resurgent economy gave hope to many businesses."
To bring back to life or revive something from the past.
"The director decided to resurrect the old play for a new audience."
to revive someone from unconsciousness or apparent death
"The doctors tried to resuscitate the patient after the heart attack."
a fee paid in advance to secure someone's services, or a device that holds something in place
"The lawyer asked for a retainer before taking the case."
to make an attack in return for a similar attack
"The army retaliated after the enemy attack."
the action of returning a military attack; counterattack; revenge for an injury or wrong
"The country threatened retaliation against any act of aggression."
Taking action in response to another's action, characterized as punitive, revengeful, or counteractive.
"The country imposed retaliatory tariffs in response to trade sanctions."
to delay or slow down the progress of something
"Lack of funds may retard the development of the project."
the quality of being reserved or unwilling to speak freely
"His reticence made it difficult to know what he was thinking."
not revealing one's thoughts or feelings readily; reserved
"She was reticent about her personal life."
Shy and reserved; avoiding social contact.
"She is a quiet, retiring woman who avoids attention."
To reply quickly or sharply, often in a witty or angry manner.
"He quickly retorted that he was not to blame."
To improve or repair a picture, photograph, or image by making small changes.
"The photographer retouched the image to remove blemishes."
to go back over a path or route; to recall and repeat steps taken earlier
"She retraced her steps to find her lost keys."
to withdraw a statement, promise, or part of the body; to pull back
"The company retracted its earlier statement after realizing the error."
the act of taking back a statement, promise, or belief
"The newspaper issued a retraction of the false report."
punishment inflicted as vengeance for a wrong or crime
"The villagers demanded retribution for the crime committed."
The process of getting or bringing something back; recovery of stored information.
"AI-based search engines ensure fast retrieval of data."
applying to a period before it was enacted or established
"The new law was made retroactive to cover past cases."
The addition of new technology or features to older systems.
"The building underwent retrofitting to meet new safety standards."
moving backward or returning to a worse condition
"The policy was seen as a retrograde step for human rights."
the act of looking back on or reviewing past events
"In retrospect, the decision seemed unwise."
Looking back on or dealing with past events or situations.
"The museum held a retrospective exhibition of the artist's work."
able to be returned or given back
"The bottle is returnable for a deposit refund."
To give a new and improved form, structure, or appearance to something.
"The company decided to revamp its website for a modern look."
to enjoy oneself in a lively and noisy way; to take great pleasure in
"They revel in their success."
seeking or desiring revenge; vindictive
"He became revengeful after being betrayed by his friend."
