B2 verb /pɪntʃ/

pinch

捏

Meaning

to squeeze tightly between the fingers; to take a small amount

Example

She pinched a bit of salt into the soup.

她在汤里放了一点盐。

B2 noun /ˌpɜː.sɪˈvɪə.rəns/

perseverance

毅力

Meaning

Persistence in doing something despite difficulty or delay in achieving success

Example

His perseverance helped him achieve his dreams.

他的毅力帮助他实现了梦想。

B1 noun /ˈprɛɡnənsi/

pregnancy

怀孕

Meaning

the condition of being pregnant; the period during which a woman carries a developing fetus

Example

Her pregnancy was carefully monitored by her doctor.

她的怀孕状况由医生仔细监测。

C2 noun /fɪˈlæt.əl.ɪst/

philatelist

集邮家

Meaning

a person who collects or studies postage stamps

Example

The philatelist spent years building a rare stamp collection.

这位集邮家花了多年时间建立了一个稀有的邮票收藏。

C2 noun /pɜːrtʃt raɪs/

Perched rice

膨化米

Meaning

puffed rice; rice that has been heated and puffed into light, crispy grains

Example

I enjoy eating puffed rice as a healthy snack.

我喜欢把膨化米当作健康的小吃。

B2 noun /ˈpeə.rən.tɪŋ/

parenting

育儿

Meaning

The care and training a child receives while growing up, involving the development of their mental, physical, and social aspects.

Example

Effective parenting helps children develop confidence and independence.

有效的育儿帮助孩子们发展自信和独立。

C1 adjective /ˈpɔːrəs/

porous

多孔的

Meaning

Having tiny holes that allow liquid or air to pass through.

Example

The soil is very porous and drains quickly.

土壤非常多孔，排水很快。

B2 verb /ˈpɛrɪʃ/

perish

死去

Meaning

To die, especially in a sudden or violent way.

Example

Many soldiers perished in the war.

许多士兵在战争中死去。

B2 noun /ˈpæθweɪ/

pathway

小径

Meaning

a route or course along which something travels or progresses

Example

The narrow pathway led to the hidden garden.

狭窄的小径通向隐藏的花园。

C1 noun /ˈpetɪkoʊt/

Petti-coat

裙子内衬

Meaning

an undergarment worn by women under a dress or skirt

Example

She wore a white petticoat under her dress.

她穿着一条白色的衬裙在她的裙子下面。

B2 verb /prɪˈveɪl/

prevail

占上风

Meaning

To prove more powerful or superior; to be widespread or common.

Example

Justice will always prevail over injustice.

正义总会战胜不公正。

B1 verb /prəˈsiːd/

proceed

继续

Meaning

to continue with a course of action; to move forward

Example

Let's proceed with the meeting as planned.

让我们按照计划继续开会。

B1 noun /pəˈlɪtɪʃən/

politician

政治家

Meaning

a person who is involved in politics, especially as a profession

Example

The politician promised to improve the economy.

政治家承诺改善经济。

B1 noun pəˈten.ʃəl

potential

潜力

Meaning

Having or showing the capacity to become or develop into something in the future.

Example

The potential for innovation is immense.

创新的潜力是巨大的。

B2 noun /ˈpɑːtnəʃɪp/

partnership

合作伙伴关系

Meaning

the state of being a partner or a group of partners

Example

Our partnership has helped both companies grow.

我们的伙伴关系帮助了两家公司增长。

B2 noun /pəˈræmɪtər/

parameter

参数

Meaning

a limit, boundary, or measurable factor that defines or determines something

Example

We need to set clear parameters for this project.

我们需要为这个项目设定明确的参数。

C1 adjective /ˈpɜːrsənəbl/

personable

迷人

Meaning

having a pleasant appearance and manner; attractive and friendly

Example

The new teacher is very personable and easy to talk to.

新老师非常迷人且容易交谈。

C1 noun /pəˈθɒlədʒi/

pathology

病理学

Meaning

the scientific study of diseases, their causes, processes, and effects on the body

Example

Advances in pathology helped the doctors identify the rare infection quickly.

病理学的进展帮助医生迅速识别罕见的感染。

C1 adjective /ˈpaɪ.əs/

Pious

虔诚的

Meaning

devoutly religious; showing reverence for God

Example

The pious monk spent hours in prayer every day.

这位虔诚的僧侣每天花费数小时祈祷。

C1 adjective /pərˈvɜːrs/

perverse

变态

Meaning

showing a deliberate desire to behave in a way that is unreasonable, contrary, or unacceptable

Example

He took a perverse pleasure in upsetting his colleagues.

他从使同事不安中获得变态的快乐。

B2 adjective /ˈfoʊni/

phony

虚假, 假冒

Meaning

not genuine; fraudulent or insincere

Example

He gave a phony smile to hide his true feelings.

他露出虚假的微笑来掩饰他的真实感情。

B2 noun /pæd/

pad

便签本

Meaning

a small cushion or block of soft material; also a set of sheets of paper fastened together

Example

He wrote her phone number on a yellow pad.

他把她的电话号码写在一个黄色的便签本上。

C1 verb /prɪˈzaɪd/

preside

主持

Meaning

to be in charge of a meeting, event, or organization

Example

She will preside over the meeting tomorrow.

她明天将主持会议。

B1 noun /ˈpʌn.ɪʃ.mənt/

Punishment

惩罚

Meaning

penalty given for doing something wrong or breaking a rule

Example

The student received punishment for cheating on the exam.

学生因作弊而受到了惩罚。

A2 noun /ˈpɪloʊ/

Pillow

枕头

Meaning

a soft cushion used to support the head while sleeping

Example

She rested her head on the soft pillow.

她把头放在柔软的枕头上。

C2 noun /fɪˈlɒl.ə.dʒɪst/

philologist

语言学家

Meaning

a person who studies languages and their history

Example

The philologist analyzed ancient texts to understand language evolution.

语言学家分析了古代文献，以理解语言的演变。

C1 adjective ˈpɪv.ə.təl

pivotal

关键的

Meaning

Of crucial importance in relation to the development or success of something else.

Example

Renewable energy plays a pivotal role in sustainability.

可再生能源在可持续性中起着关键作用。

B1 verb /prəˈmoʊt/

promote

推广

Meaning

to help something develop or increase; to advance someone to a higher position

Example

The company promotes environmental awareness.

公司推广环保意识。

C2 noun /ˌpriːpəˈzɛʃən/

prepossession

偏见

Meaning

An opinion or feeling formed beforehand; a prejudice or preoccupation.

Example

His prepossession in favor of tradition made him resist change.

他的偏见使他反对改变。

C1 adjective /pləˈtɒnɪk/

platonic

柏拉图式

Meaning

relating to a close relationship that is not romantic or sexual

Example

They have a platonic friendship that has lasted for years.

他们有一段柏拉图式的友谊，已经持续了多年。

B2 verb /ˈprɒsɪkjuːt/

prosecute

起诉

Meaning

to institute legal proceedings against someone

Example

The lawyer decided to prosecute the case after gathering sufficient evidence.

律师在收集到足够证据后决定起诉此案。

A2 verb /prəˈtɛkt/

protect

保护

Meaning

To keep safe from harm or injury.

Example

Protect yourself from the negative effects of social media.

保护自己免受社交媒体的负面影响。

C1 noun /pæŋ/

pang

突如其来的剧烈疼痛或情绪痛苦

Meaning

a sudden sharp feeling of pain or emotional distress

Example

She felt a pang of guilt after the argument.

她在争论后感到一阵内疚的疼痛。

B1 noun /ˌprɛpəˈreɪʃən/

preparation

准备

Meaning

The act of getting ready or making arrangements for something.

Example

The team made careful preparation for the presentation.

团队为演示做了充分的准备。

A1 noun /pəˈteɪ.toʊ/

Potato

土豆

Meaning

a round white vegetable with a brown or red skin that grows underground

Example

She boiled potatoes for dinner.

她煮了土豆做晚餐。

C1 noun ˈpɛd.ə.ɡɒ.dʒi

pedagogy

教育学

Meaning

The method and practice of teaching, especially as an academic subject or theoretical concept.

Example

Modern pedagogy focuses on student-centered learning.

现代教育学注重以学生为中心的学习。

A2 noun /ˈpoʊst ˌɒfɪs/

post office

邮局

Meaning

a public building or agency where mail is sent, received, and other postal services are provided

Example

I went to the post office to mail a package.

我去邮局寄了一个包裹。

C2 noun ˌpɜː.pɪˈtʃuː.ɪ.ti

perpetuity

永恒，永久性，连续性

Meaning

Permanence, eternity, continuity.

Example

The contract ensures payments in perpetuity.

合同保证永续付款。

C1 adjective /pərˈpetʃuəl/

perpetual

永久

Meaning

never-ending or continuous

Example

She lived in perpetual fear of being discovered.

她生活在永久的被发现的恐惧中。

B1 verb /prɪˈdɪkt/

predict

预测

Meaning

to say that something will happen in the future

Example

Scientists predict rain tomorrow.

科学家预测明天会下雨。

C1 noun /ˈpærəˌlɛlɪzəm/

parallelism

平行主义

Meaning

The state of being parallel or similar; in literature, the use of components in a sentence that are grammatically the same or similar in construction.

Example

The writer used parallelism to give rhythm to his prose.

作家使用平行主义为他的散文增添了节奏。

B2 noun /ˈpen.ʃən/

Pension

养老金

Meaning

a regular payment made to someone who is no longer working because of age or disability

Example

After retirement, he receives a monthly pension from the company.

退休后，他从公司领取每月养老金。

B1 noun /ˈpɑr.dən/

Pardon

宽恕; 原谅;

Meaning

forgiveness; the action of forgiving or being forgiven for an error or offense

Example

I beg your pardon for interrupting the meeting.

打扰会议，我请求宽恕。

C2 adjective /ˈpɛndjʊləs/

pendulous

幸福

Meaning

hanging down loosely; drooping

Example

The pendulous fruit weighed down the branch.

她收到奖项时，无法隐藏她的幸福。

B1 noun /pərˈfɔːrmər/

performer

表演者

Meaning

a person who entertains an audience by acting, singing, dancing, or playing music

Example

The performer received a standing ovation for her song.

表演者因她的歌曲获得了起立鼓掌。

C2 noun /ˌpɛkjʊˈleɪʃən/

peculation

挪用公款

Meaning

The act of embezzling or stealing money, especially from public funds.

Example

The minister resigned after being accused of peculation.

部长在被指控参与挪用公款后辞职。

C2 noun /ˌsuːdəˈnɪmɪti/

pseudonymity

使用笔名

Meaning

the practice or state of using a pseudonym

Example

The author maintained pseudonymity throughout her career.

这位作者在整个职业生涯中一直使用笔名。

C1 verb /prəˈkræs.tɪ.neɪt/

procrastinate

拖延, 延迟, 推迟

Meaning

To delay or postpone action; to put off doing something, especially out of habitual carelessness or laziness.

Example

He tends to procrastinate when facing difficult tasks.

他在面对困难任务时倾向于拖延。

B1 verb /ˈpʌblɪʃ/

publish

出版

Meaning

to print and distribute books, magazines, etc.; to make information available

Example

The author will publish her new novel next month.

作者将在下个月出版她的新小说。

C1 verb /ˈpɪlfər/

pilfer

偷窃

Meaning

to steal things of small value or in small quantities

Example

The employee was caught pilfering office supplies.

员工在偷窃办公室用品时被抓住。

B2 noun /ˈpetəl/

Petal

花瓣

Meaning

One of the colored segments of a flower that forms the corolla

Example

Each petal of the daisy was white with a yellow center.

雏菊的每一片花瓣都是白色的，中央是黄色的。

B2 noun ˌprez.əˈveɪ.ʃən

preservation

保存

Meaning

The action of maintaining something in its original or existing state; protection from harm or damage.

Example

Proper preservation extends the lifespan of machinery.

适当的保存延长了机器的使用寿命。

B2 noun /ˈpʌŋk.tʃər/

Puncture

穿孔

Meaning

a small hole in a tire that causes air to escape

Example

I had to fix a puncture in my bicycle tire this morning.

今天早上我不得不修理我的自行车轮胎上的一个穿孔。

C2 noun /pəˈræm.bjə.leɪ.tər/

Perambulator

婴儿车

Meaning

a four-wheeled carriage for a baby; baby stroller or pram

Example

She pushed the perambulator through the park while the baby slept peacefully.

她推着婴儿车穿过公园，而婴儿安静地睡着。

C2 adjective /paɪd/

pied

花色的

Meaning

having two or more different colors, typically in blotches

Example

The pied cat had black and white patches all over its body.

这只斑猫身上有黑白色的斑点。

A2 adjective /ˈpɑːt taɪm/

part-time

兼职

Meaning

working for only part of the usual working day or week

Example

She works part-time as a waitress.

她做兼职工作，担任服务员。

B2 noun /ˈpesɪˌmɪzəm/

pessimism

悲观主义

Meaning

A tendency to see the worst aspect of things or believe the worst will happen.

Example

Her constant pessimism made it hard to stay optimistic.

她的悲观主义让保持乐观变得很困难。

A2 noun /ˈpoʊɪt/

poet

诗人

Meaning

a person who writes poems

Example

The poet wrote about love and nature.

诗人写了关于爱情和自然的诗。

C2 adjective /ˌpriːtərˈnætʃərəl/

preternatural

超自然

Meaning

Beyond what is normal or natural; extraordinary or supernatural.

Example

She had a preternatural ability to remain calm in any crisis.

她在任何危机中保持冷静的能力是超自然的。

B1 noun /pɔːrk/

pork

幸福

Meaning

the flesh of a pig used as food

Example

He doesn't eat pork for religious reasons.

当她收到奖项时，她无法掩饰自己的幸福。

C1 noun ˌpriː.dɪs.pəˈzɪʃ.ən

predisposition

倾向

Meaning

A natural tendency or inclination toward a particular behavior or condition.

Example

Genetic factors can influence a person's predisposition to diseases.

基因因素可以影响一个人对疾病的先天倾向。

C2 noun /prɒɡˌnɒstɪˈkeɪʃən/

prognostication

预言

Meaning

The act of foretelling or predicting future events.

Example

The astrologer's prognostication fascinated the audience.

占星师的预言吸引了观众。

B2 noun /ˈpæn.ɪk/

Panic

恐慌

Meaning

sudden uncontrollable fear or anxiety; a state of widespread fear and anxiety

Example

The fire alarm caused panic among the students.

火警铃声引起了学生们的恐慌。

C1 noun /ˈpiːɒn/

peon

皮恩

Meaning

a low-ranking worker, often performing menial tasks

Example

The office peon delivered the files to each department.

办公室的皮恩将文件送到每个部门。

C2 noun /ˈprɛlət/

prelate

高级神职人员

Meaning

A high-ranking member of the clergy, especially a bishop or abbot.

Example

The prelate delivered a sermon to the congregation.

普雷拉特向会众发表了讲道。

C1 verb pleɪɡd

plagued

困扰

Meaning

Troubled or afflicted persistently by problems or difficulties.

Example

People are plagued by anxiety and depression.

人们受到焦虑和抑郁的困扰。

A1 noun /ˈprɒb.ləm/

Problem

问题

Meaning

a situation that causes difficulties and needs to be dealt with or solved

Example

We need to solve this problem quickly.

我们需要尽快解决这个问题。

B2 noun /ˈprəʊsesə/

processor

处理器

Meaning

a machine or device that processes something, especially a computer's central processing unit (CPU)

Example

The new laptop has a faster processor.

这台新笔记本电脑有一个更快的处理器。

C1 adjective /ˈpæl.ɪd/

Pallid

苍白，特别是因为健康不好；缺乏实质或活力

Meaning

pale, especially because of poor health; lacking substance or vitality

Example

His pallid complexion showed signs of illness.

他苍白的面色显示出生病的迹象。

C2 verb /ˌpriːɪɡˈzɪst/

preexist

提前存在

Meaning

to exist beforehand or before something else

Example

These customs preexist the arrival of modern technology.

这些习俗早于现代技术的到来而存在。

C2 adjective /ˈpɛktərəl/

pectoral

胸肌

Meaning

Relating to the chest or breast.

Example

The athlete focused on strengthening his pectoral muscles.

运动员专注于增强他的胸肌。

C2 noun /ˈpæsɪt/

Passet

奶酪

Meaning

Fresh cheese curds; cottage cheese made from curdled milk

Example

The cook prepared fresh passet by curdling warm milk with lemon juice.

厨师通过用柠檬汁凝固温热的牛奶，制作了新鲜的奶酪。

C2 noun /ˈpærəpɛt/

parapet

防护墙

Meaning

A low protective wall along the edge of a roof, balcony, or bridge.

Example

The soldier hid behind the parapet for protection.

士兵躲在防护墙后面以保障安全。

C1 adjective /ˈpɔːltri/

paltry

微不足道, 微小

Meaning

small or meager; lacking in value or importance

Example

They offered him a paltry sum for his work.

他们为他的工作提供了微不足道的报酬。

B1 noun /prəˈfeʃ.ən/

Profession

职业

Meaning

a type of job that requires special education, training, or skill

Example

Teaching is a noble profession that shapes future generations.

教学是一项崇高的职业，它塑造了未来的世代。

B1 noun /ˈpɔɪ.zən/

Poison

毒药

Meaning

a substance that is capable of causing death or illness

Example

The snake's bite contains deadly poison.

蛇的咬伤含有致命的毒药。

B2 adjective /ˈpɔɪn.tɪd/

Pointed

尖锐的; 直接且明确

Meaning

having a sharp end; direct and unambiguous

Example

She made a pointed remark about his behavior.

她对他的行为发表了直截了当的评论。

C2 adjective /ˈpɛnɪtrəbl/

penetrable

可穿透的

Meaning

Capable of being passed through or entered.

Example

The thin wall was easily penetrable.

薄壁容易穿透。

C1 verb /prəˈkjʊər/

procure

采购

Meaning

to obtain something, especially with effort or difficulty

Example

They managed to procure enough supplies for the expedition.

他们设法为远征筹集到足够的物资。

C2 noun /pɪθ/

pith

要点，精髓

Meaning

the essential or central part of something

Example

The pith of his argument was that honesty matters most.

他论点的要点是诚实最为重要。

B2 verb /ˈpɑːlɪʃ/

polish

擦亮

Meaning

to make smooth and shiny by rubbing; to improve or refine

Example

She needs to polish her shoes before the interview.

她需要在面试前擦亮她的鞋子。

C1 noun /ˈpiː.hən/

Peahen

母孔雀

Meaning

female peacock

Example

The peahen is less colorful than the male peacock.

母孔雀比雄孔雀少了色彩。

B1 noun praɪd

pride

骄傲

Meaning

A feeling of deep pleasure or satisfaction derived from one's own achievements or from achievements associated with one.

Example

Victory Day fills our hearts with pride.

胜利日让我们的心充满了骄傲。

C2 verb /fɪˈlɒs.ə.faɪz/

philosophize

哲学

Meaning

to think or talk about the fundamental nature of knowledge, reality, and existence

Example

He likes to philosophize about life and its meaning.

他喜欢谈论生活及其意义。

A1 noun /ˈpɑːpə/

papa

爸爸

Meaning

an informal or affectionate term for one’s father

Example

Papa is picking me up from school today.

爸爸今天来接我放学。

C1 noun /plɔɪ/

ploy

巧妙的计谋

Meaning

a clever plan or action designed to gain an advantage

Example

She used a clever ploy to win the debate.

她用了一招聪明的伎俩来赢得辩论。

C1 verb /ˈprɒfər/

proffer

提供，呈现

Meaning

to offer something for acceptance; to present

Example

She proffered her hand as a sign of friendship.

她伸出手作为友谊的象征。

B2 noun /ˈfoʊ.bi.ə/

Phobia

极度的恐惧; 厌恶

Meaning

an extreme or irrational fear of or aversion to something

Example

She has a phobia of spiders.

她有蜘蛛恐惧症。

B2 noun /prɪˈkɔː.ʃən/

Precaution

预防

Meaning

an action taken in advance to prevent something dangerous or unpleasant from happening

Example

As a precaution, we should bring extra water on the hike.

作为预防措施，我们应该在徒步旅行中带上额外的水。

B1 noun, verb /paʊnd/

pound

英镑

Meaning

a unit of weight equal to 16 ounces or a unit of currency

Example

The price of the book is five pounds.

这本书的价格是五英镑。

C1 noun /ˈpɪl.fər.ɪdʒ/

Pilferage

窃盗（小额盗窃）

Meaning

the theft of small amounts or items, especially from one's workplace

Example

The company installed cameras to prevent pilferage.

公司安装了监控摄像头以防止盗窃。

C2 verb /priːˈdɛstɪn/

predestine

预定

Meaning

to determine or decide something in advance, often regarded as being fixed by fate or divine will

Example

They believed their paths were predestined by fate.

他们相信他们的道路是命运注定的。

B2 adjective /prəˈfɪʃ.ənt/

proficient

熟练

Meaning

Competent or skilled in doing or using something; having great knowledge or experience.

Example

She is highly proficient in multiple languages.

她在多种语言方面非常熟练。

瘟疫的

Meaning

Relating to or causing pestilence; very harmful, troublesome, or dangerous.

Example

The pestilential smell of the garbage filled the street.

垃圾的瘟疫气味充满了街道。