B2 verb /pɪntʃ/

pinch

つまむ

Meaning

to squeeze tightly between the fingers; to take a small amount

Example

She pinched a bit of salt into the soup.

彼女はスープに少し塩を加えました。

B2 verb /prɪˈveɪl/

prevail

勝つ

Meaning

To prove more powerful or superior; to be widespread or common.

Example

Justice will always prevail over injustice.

正義は常に不正に勝る。

C1 noun /prɪˈtɛnʃən/

pretension

虚偽、見せかけ

Meaning

A claim or assertion to something, often without justification; an attempt to impress by showing greater importance or talent than is actually possessed.

Example

His pretension to be an expert was quickly exposed.

彼の専門家であるというプリテンションはすぐに暴かれた。

C1 adjective /ˈpɪt.i.əs/

Piteous

哀れな; 哀れを誘う

Meaning

deserving pity; arousing compassion

Example

The piteous cries of the injured animal moved everyone to tears.

傷ついた動物の哀れな叫び声は、皆を涙で動かしました。

B2 noun /ˈplæn.tɪn/

Plantain

プランテンバナナ

Meaning

a large green banana-like fruit that is usually cooked before eating

Example

Plantain can be fried, boiled, or baked and is a staple food in many tropical countries.

プランテンバナナは揚げたり、茹でたり、焼いたりでき、多くの熱帯地域では主食です。

B2 adverb /ˈpʌŋk.tʃu.əl.i/

Punctually

時間通り

Meaning

at the exact time arranged; on time; not late

Example

She always arrives punctually for meetings.

彼女は会議にいつも時間通りに到着します。

C2 noun /ˈprɛʃəns/ or /ˈpriːʃəns/

prescience

予知

Meaning

the ability to know or predict what will happen in the future

Example

Her prescience about market trends saved the company.

彼女の市場動向に対する予見は会社を救った。

C2 noun /ˈpɜːrljuː/

purlieu

周辺地域

Meaning

The area near or surrounding a place; an outlying or neighboring district.

Example

They spent the afternoon exploring the purlieus of the ancient city.

彼らは古代都市のパーリューを探索して午後を過ごした。

C1 adjective /ˈprɪvi/

privy

秘密の知識

Meaning

having access to secret or private knowledge

Example

She was privy to the confidential discussions.

彼女は機密の議論に通じていました。

C2 adjective /ˈprəʊ.lɪks/

prolix

長すぎる

Meaning

using too many words; tediously lengthy

Example

The professor’s prolix lecture put many students to sleep.

教授の冗長な講義は多くの学生を眠らせた。

C2 adjective /ˌpɛstɪˈlɛnʃəl/

pestilential

疫病の

Meaning

Relating to or causing pestilence; very harmful, troublesome, or dangerous.

Example

The pestilential smell of the garbage filled the street.

ゴミのペスティレンシャルな匂いが通りを満たした。

B2 noun pɛsts

pests

害虫, 害を及ぼす動物

Meaning

Harmful or troublesome creatures, especially insects or small animals that damage crops, food, or living spaces.

Example

Pests can damage crops and cause diseases.

害虫は作物を損傷し、病気を引き起こす可能性があります。

B2 adjective /pəˈzes.ɪv/

Possessive

幸せ

Meaning

showing a desire to own or control something; unwilling to share; jealously protective

Example

He is very possessive about his car.

彼女は賞を受け取ったとき、幸せを隠せませんでした。

B2 verb /pəˈreɪd/

parade

パレードする, 公開する

Meaning

to march in a procession; to display publicly; to show off

Example

The soldiers paraded through the streets on Independence Day.

独立記念日に兵士たちが通りでパレードした。

C1 noun /pəˈræl.ə.sɪs/

Paralysis

麻痺

Meaning

the loss of the ability to move part or all of the body; complete inability to act or function

Example

The accident left him with paralysis in his legs.

事故は彼に足の麻痺を残した。

C1 noun /ˌfəʊtəʊˈsɪnθɛtɪk ɪˈfɪʃənsi/

photosynthetic efficiency

光合成効率

Meaning

The measure of how effectively plants convert light energy into chemical energy through the process of photosynthesis, directly affecting plant growth and crop yield.

Example

Improving photosynthetic efficiency can increase crop yields.

光合成効率を改善すると、作物の収量を増やすことができます。

B1 noun /ˈpɜː.sən.əl ˈdeɪ.tə/

personal data

個人データ

Meaning

Information that relates to an individual's private, sensitive, or identifiable data

Example

Protecting personal data is crucial in the digital age.

デジタル時代において個人データを保護することは重要です。

C2 verb /ˈpʌlvəraɪz/

pulverize

粉砕する

Meaning

To crush or grind something into a fine powder; to completely defeat or destroy.

Example

The machine can pulverize stones into dust.

その機械は石を粉々にすることができます。

B2 verb /ˈpɛrɪʃ/

perish

死ぬ

Meaning

To die, especially in a sudden or violent way.

Example

Many soldiers perished in the war.

多くの兵士は戦争で死んだ。

C1 noun /ˈpɜːrdʒəri/

perjury

偽証

Meaning

The offense of willfully telling an untruth in a court after taking an oath.

Example

She was convicted of perjury after giving false evidence.

彼女は偽証罪で有罪判決を受けた。

C2 noun /ˈpærəmʊr/

paramour

愛人

Meaning

a lover, especially an illicit one

Example

The secret paramour was finally revealed.

秘密の愛人はついに明らかにされました。

C1 adjective ˈpɪv.ə.təl

pivotal

重要な

Meaning

Of crucial importance in relation to the development or success of something else.

Example

Renewable energy plays a pivotal role in sustainability.

再生可能エネルギーは持続可能性において重要な役割を果たしています。

C2 adjective /ˈpɛndjʊləs/

pendulous

幸せ

Meaning

hanging down loosely; drooping

Example

The pendulous fruit weighed down the branch.

賞を受け取った時、彼女は幸せを隠すことができませんでした。

C1 adjective /prɪˈpɒstərəs/

preposterous

馬鹿げた, 不合理な

Meaning

completely ridiculous or absurd; contrary to reason or common sense

Example

The idea that pigs could fly is preposterous.

豚が飛ぶことができるという考えは馬鹿げている。

C1 verb pleɪɡd

plagued

悩まされる

Meaning

Troubled or afflicted persistently by problems or difficulties.

Example

People are plagued by anxiety and depression.

人々は不安と抑うつに悩まされています。

C2 noun /ˈpɛstɪləns/

pestilence

ペスト

Meaning

A deadly or virulent epidemic disease that spreads rapidly.

Example

The medieval city was devastated by a pestilence.

中世の都市はペストで荒廃した。

B2 verb /pʌmp/

pump

ポンプする

Meaning

to force liquid or gas to move in a particular direction using a device

Example

They pumped water from the well into the tank.

彼らは井戸からタンクに水をポンプしました。

A2 noun /ˈpiːˈsi/

pc

パーソナルコンピュータ

Meaning

abbreviation for 'personal computer', a machine for performing digital operations

Example

I just bought a new PC for work.

私は仕事のために新しいパーソナルコンピュータを買いました。

B1 noun /ˈprɛər/

prayer

祈り

Meaning

a solemn request for help or expression of thanks addressed to God or another deity

Example

She recited a prayer before the meal.

彼女は食事の前に祈りを捧げました。

A2 noun /ˈprɛzɪdənt/

president

大統領

Meaning

the elected head of a republican state

Example

The president addressed the nation last night.

大統領は昨晩、国民に向けて演説を行いました。

C1 noun/verb /ˈprɛdɪkət/ (noun), /ˈprɛdɪkeɪt/ (verb)

predicate

述語 / 基づく

Meaning

noun: the part of a sentence that tells something about the subject; verb: to base or establish something on a particular idea

Example

His theory is predicated on sound research.

彼の理論は確かな研究に基づいています。

B2 adjective /prɪˈdɒmɪnənt/

predominant

優勢な

Meaning

Having superior strength, influence, or authority; most common or noticeable.

Example

The predominant color in the painting is blue.

絵画の中で優勢な色は青です。

B1 verb /pəʊs(t)ˈpəʊn/

postpone

延期する

Meaning

to delay something to a later time

Example

The meeting was postponed until next week.

会議は来週に延期されました。

C2 noun /ˈpɛntəˌɡræm/

pentagram

ペンタグラム

Meaning

A five-pointed star often used as a symbol in magic, mysticism, or religion.

Example

The wizard drew a pentagram on the floor as part of the ritual.

魔法使いは儀式の一環として床にペンタグラムを描いた。

C1 noun /prɪˈzʌmp.ʃən/

Presumption

推定; 仮定;

Meaning

an idea that is taken to be true without proof

Example

There is a presumption of innocence in the legal system.

法的なシステムには無罪の推定があります。

C1 noun /ˈpoʊdiətrɪst/

podiatrist

足病医

Meaning

a doctor specializing in foot care

Example

I have an appointment with the podiatrist for my ankle pain.

足首の痛みのためにポディアトリストに予約があります。

C2 noun /pɪˈdɒl.ə.dʒi/

pedology

土壌学

Meaning

The study of soils in their natural environment.

Example

Pedology helps scientists understand soil fertility.

ペドロジーは科学者が土壌の肥沃さを理解するのに役立ちます。

B2 noun /ˈpæm.flət/

pamphlet

パンフレット

Meaning

a small booklet or brochure containing information or arguments about a subject

Example

The health department distributed a pamphlet about nutrition.

健康部門は栄養に関するパンフレットを配布しました。

C2 noun /ˈpɛnjʊri/

penury

極貧

Meaning

extreme poverty or destitution

Example

He grew up in penury but became successful later in life.

彼は貧困の中で育ちましたが、その後、人生で成功しました。

C2 adjective /prɪˈsɛnʃənt/

presentient

予感

Meaning

Having a feeling or sense of something about to happen; predictive.

Example

She was presentient of the coming disaster.

彼女は迫り来る災害を予感していた。

C2 adjective /pərˈfɪdiəs/

perfidious

裏切りの

Meaning

deceitful and untrustworthy

Example

The spy was executed for his perfidious actions.

スパイは裏切りの行動で処刑されました。

B1 adverb /ˈprɒpərli/

properly

適切に

Meaning

in the correct or suitable manner

Example

He performed the task properly to avoid mistakes.

彼は間違いを避けるために仕事を正しく行いました。

B2 verb /pɔːˈtreɪ/

portray

描く

Meaning

to describe or represent something or someone in a work of art or literature

Example

The novel portrays a vivid picture of life in the countryside.

その小説は田舎での生活の生き生きとした絵を描いています。

B1 noun /paɪl/

pile

山積み

Meaning

a large amount of something stacked or placed in a heap

Example

He placed the books in a pile on the table.

彼はテーブルの上に本を山積みにしました。

C2 adjective /ˈpɛkəbl/

peccable

過ちを犯しやすい

Meaning

liable to sin or error; capable of doing wrong

Example

Humans are peccable, but they strive for goodness.

人間は過ちを犯しやすいが、善を追い求める。

C1 noun /ˈpɪntʃərz/

pinchers

ピンセット

Meaning

a tool used for gripping or squeezing objects

Example

Use the pinchers to remove the hot coal safely.

熱い炭を安全に取り除くためにピンチャーズを使ってください。

C2 noun /ˌpraɪvəˈtɪə/

privateer

私掠船

Meaning

A privately owned armed ship authorized by a government to attack enemy ships during war.

Example

The privateer captured several enemy vessels during the conflict.

プライベティアは紛争中にいくつかの敵船を捕らえました。

C1 noun /ˈper.ɪ.wɪŋ.kəl/

Periwinkle

ペリウィンクル

Meaning

a small trailing plant with violet-blue or white flowers

Example

Purple periwinkles covered the garden ground beautifully.

紫色のペリウィンクルが美しく庭の地面を覆っていました。

B1 noun /ˈprəʊɡræmɪŋ/

programming

プログラミング

Meaning

the process of designing and writing computer programs

Example

He has been learning programming for several months now.

彼は数ヶ月間プログラミングを学んでいます。

B2 noun /præŋk/

prank

いたずら

Meaning

A trick that is intended to be funny but not harmful.

Example

They played a harmless prank on their friend during the party.

彼らはパーティーで友達と無害ないたずらをしました。

C2 noun /pɪθ/

pith

本質、要点

Meaning

the essential or central part of something

Example

The pith of his argument was that honesty matters most.

彼の議論の本質は、誠実さが最も重要だということでした。

B1 verb /pɔːr/

pour

注ぐ

Meaning

to flow or cause to flow in a steady stream; to rain heavily

Example

Please pour the water into the glass carefully.

水をグラスに慎重に注いでください。

B2 noun /saɪˈkɒlədʒi/

psychology

心理学

Meaning

the scientific study of the mind and behavior

Example

Psychology helps us understand how people think and act.

心理学は人々がどのように考え、行動するかを理解するのに役立ちます。

B2 verb /piːp/

peep

覗く

Meaning

to look quickly or secretly; to make a short high sound

Example

The child tried to peep through the keyhole.

子供は鍵穴から覗こうとした。

B2 noun, verb /pɪə(r)/

peer

同等の人

Meaning

noun: a person of the same rank or status; verb: to look closely or with difficulty

Example

He tried to peer through the fog to see his peers on the other side.

彼は霧を通して自分の仲間を見ようとしました。

C2 verb /prəˈroʊɡ/

prorogue

議会を延期する

Meaning

to discontinue a session of a parliament or assembly without dissolving it

Example

The president decided to prorogue parliament until the crisis was resolved.

大統領は、危機が解決するまで議会を延期することを決定しました。

C2 noun /ˈplætɪtjuːd/

platitude

陳腐な言葉

Meaning

a remark or statement that is overused and unoriginal

Example

He kept repeating the same platitudes during the speech.

彼はスピーチの中で同じプレティチュードを繰り返し続けた。

C2 noun /ˈplɔːdɪt/

plaudit

賞賛

Meaning

an expression of praise or approval

Example

The actor received plaudit for his outstanding performance.

俳優は彼の優れた演技に対して賞賛を受けました。

C2 adjective /prəˈvaɪzəri/

provisory

仮の

Meaning

conditional; depending on certain terms being met

Example

The arrangement was only provisory until the final contract was signed.

その取り決めは、最終契約が署名されるまで仮のものでした。

B2 verb /priːtʃ/

preach

説教する

Meaning

to deliver a religious or moral talk, often in a church setting

Example

The pastor preached about forgiveness and kindness.

牧師は許しと親切について説教しました。

C1 adjective /ˈpaɪ.əs/

Pious

敬虔な

Meaning

devoutly religious; showing reverence for God

Example

The pious monk spent hours in prayer every day.

敬虔な修道士は毎日何時間も祈りに捧げた。

C2 noun /pəˈveɪʒən/

pervasion

蔓延

Meaning

the act of spreading through or being present everywhere in something

Example

There was a pervasion of hope throughout the community.

コミュニティ全体に希望の広がりがあった。

B2 noun ˈprɑː.sest fuːdz

processed foods

加工食品

Meaning

Foods that have been altered from their natural state through various methods such as canning, freezing, refrigeration, dehydration and aseptic processing.

Example

Excessive consumption of processed foods leads to health issues.

加工食品の過剰摂取は健康問題を引き起こします。

C2 noun /ˈprɪvɪti/

privity

プライバシー関係、契約関係

Meaning

A close, private, or special relationship; in law, the direct connection between parties to a contract.

Example

There was no privity of contract between the supplier and the customer.

供給者と顧客の間には契約関係がなかった。

B1 adjective /ˈpʌŋk.tʃu.əl/

Punctual

時間厳守

Meaning

on time; prompt;

Example

She is always punctual for meetings.

彼女は会議にいつも時間通りに参加します。

B1 noun pəˈten.ʃəl

potential

ポテンシャル

Meaning

Having or showing the capacity to become or develop into something in the future.

Example

The potential for innovation is immense.

イノベーションのポテンシャルは計り知れない。

C2 adjective /prɪˈpɒndərənt/

preponderant

優勢な

Meaning

Having superior weight, force, influence, or importance.

Example

The preponderant influence of the media shapes public opinion.

メディアの優勢な影響は、公共の意見を形成します。

C1 adjective /ˌsaɪkəˈpæθɪk/

psychopathic

サイコパス的

Meaning

Relating to or affected by psychopathy; showing chronic mental disorder with abnormal or violent behavior.

Example

The film portrayed a psychopathic killer with no sense of empathy.

その映画は共感を持たないサイコパス的な殺人者を描いていました。

C1 noun /ˈsaɪkiː/

psyche

魂 / 心

Meaning

the human soul, mind, or spirit

Example

The novel explores the depths of the human psyche.

その小説は人間の精神の深層を探求します。

B1 verb /ˈpʌnɪʃ/

punish

罰する

Meaning

to give a penalty for wrongdoing; to discipline

Example

The teacher will punish students who cheat.

先生はカンニングした生徒を罰します。

C1 adjective /pəˈtɜːrnəl/

paternal

父性的

Meaning

Relating to or characteristic of a father.

Example

He took a paternal interest in the boy’s education.

彼はその男の子の教育に父性的な関心を示しました。

C1 verb /priːn/

preen

身だしなみを整える

Meaning

To groom or dress oneself with care; to show pride in one's appearance.

Example

She preened in front of the mirror before leaving for the party.

彼女はパーティーに出かける前に鏡の前で身だしなみを整えていた。

C2 noun /ˌpɛkəˈdɪloʊ/

peccadillo

小さな過ち

Meaning

a small or minor fault or sin

Example

Forgetting to call was just a small peccadillo, not a serious mistake.

電話をかけ忘れるのはただの小さな過ちで、重大なミスではありません。

C2 adjective /ˌpærəˈdɪɡmətɪk/

paradigmatic

典型的な

Meaning

Serving as a typical example or model of something.

Example

Her success story is paradigmatic of the opportunities education can provide.

彼女の成功物語は、教育が提供できる機会の典型的な例です。

C1 noun /ˈpræɡ.mə.tɪ.zəm/

pragmatism

実用主義

Meaning

A practical approach to problems and affairs; dealing with things sensibly and realistically.

Example

His pragmatism helped solve the financial crisis.

彼の実用主義は、金融危機の解決に役立った。

B2 noun /pərˈspek.tɪv/

Perspective

視点

Meaning

a particular attitude toward or way of regarding something; a point of view; the art of representing three-dimensional objects

Example

From his perspective, the decision was completely wrong.

彼の視点では、その決定は完全に間違っていた。

C1 noun /ˈpɛdəstəl/

pedestal

台座 / pedestal

Meaning

the base or support on which a statue or object stands

Example

The statue was placed on a marble pedestal.

彫像は大理石の台座に置かれました。

C1 noun,verb /pleɪt/

plait

編み込み

Meaning

a braid of hair or straw; to braid

Example

She decided to plait her hair before the party.

彼女はパーティーの前に髪を編むことに決めました。

C2 noun /ˌpæl.ənˈkiːn/

Palanquin

花嫁用の車

Meaning

a covered chair or bed carried on poles by bearers

Example

The bride was carried to the wedding ceremony in an ornate palanquin.

花嫁は装飾されたパランキンで結婚式に運ばれました。

Meaning

to move past or beyond something

Example

He passed the test with flying colors.

C2 noun /prɒɡˌnɒstɪˈkeɪʃən/

prognostication

予言

Meaning

The act of foretelling or predicting future events.

Example

The astrologer's prognostication fascinated the audience.

占星術師の予言は聴衆を魅了した。

B1 noun, adjective /pəˈdɛstriən/

Pedestrian

歩行者

Meaning

a person walking on the street; also means dull or ordinary

Example

The pedestrian crossed the road at the crosswalk.

歩行者は横断歩道を渡りました。

C1 noun /ˈpɛndjələm/

pendulum

振り子

Meaning

A weight suspended from a pivot so that it swings freely, often used to regulate clocks.

Example

The pendulum swung back and forth inside the clock.

振り子は時計の中で前後に揺れていた。

B2 adjective /ˈprɒmɪnənt/

prominent

顕著な

Meaning

Important, famous, or easily noticeable.

Example

He is a prominent leader in the community.

彼はコミュニティの中で著名なリーダーです。

C1 verb /ˈpæs.ɪ.faɪ/

pacify

鎮める

Meaning

To quell the anger, agitation, or excitement of someone.

Example

The mother tried to pacify her crying child.

母親は泣いている子を落ち着かせようとした。

A2 adjective /ˈpʌblɪk/

public

公共の

Meaning

relating to or affecting the people as a whole

Example

The public demanded action on the issue.

公共はこの問題に対する行動を要求しました。

B2 noun /ˈpɪt.ʃər/

Pitcher

ピッチャー, 水差し

Meaning

a large container with a handle and spout used for storing and pouring liquids

Example

The water pitcher on the table was filled with ice-cold lemonade.

テーブルの上の水差しは氷冷たくてレモネードが入っていた。

C2 verb /ˈpælpɪˌteɪt/

palpitate

速く脈打つ

Meaning

to beat rapidly and strongly, often because of fear, excitement, or illness

Example

Her heart began to palpitate with fear.

彼女は恐怖で心臓がパルピテイトし始めた。

B1 noun /ˈprɪnsɪpl/

principle

原則

Meaning

A fundamental truth or proposition that serves as the foundation for a system of belief or behavior.

Example

Honesty is a key principle of leadership.

正直さはリーダーシップの重要な原則です。

B1 verb /pərˈmɪt/

permit

許可する

Meaning

to allow or give permission; to make possible

Example

The teacher permits students to use calculators during the exam.

先生は試験中に学生に計算機の使用を許可しています。

C2 verb /poʊˈtɛnʃiˌeɪt/

potentiate

強化する

Meaning

To increase the power, effect, or likelihood of something.

Example

Caffeine can potentiate the effects of some medicines.

カフェインは一部の薬の効果を高めることができます。

C1 noun /ˌpɜːrsɪˈkjuːʃn/

persecution

迫害

Meaning

the act of treating someone cruelly or unfairly because of their religion, race, or beliefs

Example

The persecution of minorities has been condemned worldwide.

少数派への迫害は世界中で非難されています。

C1 noun /pəˈθɒlədʒi/

pathology

病理学

Meaning

the scientific study of diseases, their causes, processes, and effects on the body

Example

Advances in pathology helped the doctors identify the rare infection quickly.

病理学の進歩により、医師は珍しい感染症を迅速に特定できました。

C2 noun /ˈproʊbɪti/

probity

誠実

Meaning

The quality of having strong moral principles; honesty and decency.

Example

The judge was admired for his integrity and probity.

その裁判官は、誠実さと正直さで賞賛されました。

C1 noun prɪˈsɪʒ.ən ˈæɡ.rɪ.kʌl.tʃər

precision agriculture

精密農業

Meaning

The technique of conducting agricultural work using advanced technology.

Example

Precision agriculture optimizes resource use and increases efficiency.

精密農業は資源の使用を最適化し、効率を向上させます。

A2 adjective /prəˈfɛʃənl/

professional

プロフェッショナル

Meaning

relating to a job that requires special training or education

Example

She is a professional dancer who performs internationally.

彼女は国際的に活躍するプロフェッショナルダンサーです。

C1 noun /ˌpɜːsəˈnælɪzeɪʃən/

personalization

パーソナライゼーション, カスタマイズ

Meaning

The action of making something personal or individual; customization.

Example

Personalization in marketing improves customer engagement.

マーケティングにおけるパーソナライゼーションは顧客のエンゲージメントを向上させます。

B1 noun /piː/

Pea

エンドウ豆

Meaning

a small round green seed eaten as a vegetable

Example

The children enjoyed eating sweet peas with dinner.

子供たちはディナーで甘いエンドウ豆を食べるのが好きでした。

C1 noun /ˌpɜːrspəˈreɪʃn/

perspiration

発汗

Meaning

The process of sweating.

Example

Heavy exercise causes perspiration.

激しい運動は発汗を引き起こします。

C2 noun /proʊˈskrɪp.ʃən/

proscription

禁止

Meaning

the act of forbidding something, especially by law

Example

The proscription of child labor is an important human rights achievement.

児童労働の禁止は人権の重要な成果です。

C1 noun /ˈpoʊtənsi/

potency

効力

Meaning

The power or ability of something to affect or influence; strength or effectiveness.

Example

The potency of the new medicine amazed the doctors.

新薬の効力に医者たちは驚きました。

B2 adverb /ˈpʌb.lɪk.li/

Publicly

公然と; 公開で;

Meaning

in a public manner; openly; for everyone to see or know

Example

The company publicly announced their new policy.

その会社は新しい方針を公開で発表しました。

C1 noun /ˈpærəbl/

parable

寓話

Meaning

A simple story used to illustrate a moral or spiritual lesson.

Example

Jesus often taught using a parable to convey deeper truths.

イエスはしばしば深い真理を伝えるために寓話を使って教えていました。

C2 noun ˈpɑː.stər.ə.lɪ.zəm

pastoralism

牧畜業, 草原放牧システム

Meaning

A form of animal husbandry where domesticated animals are released onto large vegetated outdoor lands for grazing.

Example

Pastoralism is a traditional way of managing livestock.

パストラリズムは伝統的な家畜管理方法です。

C2 noun /pɛnˈtæmɪtər/

pentameter

ペンタメーター

Meaning

A line of verse consisting of five metrical feet.

Example

Shakespeare often wrote his plays in iambic pentameter.

シェイクスピアはよくアイアンビック・ペンタメーターで劇を書きました。

B1 noun pɑːˈtɪs.ɪ.pənts

participants

参加者

Meaning

People who take part in something; those involved in an activity or event.

Example

Participants will enjoy breathtaking views.

参加者は息をのむような景色を楽しむでしょう。

C1 verb /ˈpɜːrpɔːrt/

purport

主張する

Meaning

to claim or profess something, often falsely

Example

The document purports to be an official government report.

その文書は公式な政府報告書であると主張しています。

B2 noun pɪər ˈɪnfluəns

peer influence

仲間の影響

Meaning

The effect that members of a peer group have on each other, especially in terms of behavior, attitudes, and decision-making.

Example

Peer influence can shape juvenile behavior significantly.

仲間の影響は、若者の行動に大きな影響を与えることがあります。