grow
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A1 verb /ɡroʊ/

grow

增长
Meaning
to become larger or greater over a period of time; to develop
Example
Plants grow faster in spring.
植物在春季生长得更快。
A2 noun /dɪˈzaɪnər/

designer

设计师
Meaning
a person who plans and creates the form or structure of something
Example
The fashion designer presented her new collection.
时尚设计师展示了她的新系列。
C2 noun /ˈsaɪ.nəˌʃʊr/

cynosure

众人焦点
Meaning
A person or thing that is the center of attention or admiration.
Example
She was the cynosure of all eyes at the party.
她是派对上所有人焦点。
C1 verb /kənˈtɛkstʃuəlaɪz/

contextualize

使……有背景
Meaning
to place something in a context or interpret it in relation to its surroundings
Example
The teacher contextualized the historical event to make it more relevant for students.
老师将历史事件置于背景中，以使其对学生更加相关。
A2 adjective /loʊ/

low

低
Meaning
Small in amount, degree, or position; not high.
Example
The river is at its lowest level in years.
这条河已经多年处于最低水平。
C2 noun /riːm/

ream

令纸
Meaning
A large quantity of paper (typically 500 sheets); informally, a large amount of something.
Example
The office ordered ten reams of paper.
办公室订购了十令纸。
B1 noun /ˈhaʊswaɪf/

housewife

家庭主妇
Meaning
a married woman who manages a household and whose main occupation is caring for her family and home
Example
She chose to work as a housewife while raising her children.
她在抚养孩子期间选择当一名家庭主妇。
B2 verb /ʌnˈfəʊld/

unfold

展开或打开
Meaning
to open or spread out something that was folded; to gradually reveal or develop
Example
She unfolded the letter carefully.
她小心地展开了信件。
A2 pronoun /nʌn/

none

没有人
Meaning
not any; no one; not one
Example
None of the students passed the exam.
没有学生通过考试。
A2 adverb /wenˈevər/

Whenever

无论何时
Meaning
at any time that; every time that; no matter when
Example
Call me whenever you need help.
只要你需要帮助，就给我打电话。
B1 adjective /kəˈlɛktɪd/

collected

冷静
Meaning
calm and in control of oneself
Example
She remained calm and collected during the crisis.
在危机中，她保持冷静和收拾好自己。
B2 adjective /dɪˈstɪŋkt/

Distinct

独特的; 独一无二的; 清晰的; 可识别的
Meaning
separate and different; clear and recognizable; unique
Example
Each painting has its own distinct style and character.
每幅画都有自己独特的风格和特点。
C2 noun /prɪˈhɛnʃən/

prehension

抓握的动作; 抓住某物的能力
Meaning
the act of grasping or seizing; the ability to take hold of something
Example
Therapists assessed the patient's prehension during hand therapy.
治疗师在手部治疗中评估了患者的抓握能力。
C1 noun /ˈfʌŋɡəs/

fungus

真菌
Meaning
a spore-producing organism feeding on organic matter, including molds, yeast, and mushrooms
Example
A strange fungus was growing on the old tree.
一种奇怪的真菌在老树上生长。
A2 noun /əˈsɪstənt/

assistant

助手
Meaning
a person who helps or supports another, often in a job
Example
She works as an assistant in a law firm.
她在一家律师事务所做助理。
B2 verb /waɪn/

whine

抱怨
Meaning
to complain in an annoying way; to make a high-pitched sound
Example
The child whined about having to go to bed early.
孩子抱怨必须早睡。
A2 verb /ˈloʊər/

lower

降低
Meaning
to move something to a lower position or to reduce
Example
The company decided to lower the prices.
公司决定降低价格。
C1 noun /ˈprɒmɪnəns/

prominence

声望
Meaning
The state of being important, famous, or easily noticed.
Example
Her work gained prominence after the award.
她的工作在获奖后获得了声望。
A2 noun /sneɪk/

Snake

蛇
Meaning
a long, legless reptile that moves by sliding along the ground
Example
The snake slithered through the grass quietly.
蛇悄悄地穿过草地。
A2 adjective /ˈkʌlərfəl/

colorful

五彩缤纷
Meaning
having bright colors; full of variety or interest
Example
The festival was full of colorful decorations.
这个节日充满了五彩缤纷的装饰。
C2 noun /ˌkælɪsˈθɛnɪks/

calisthenics

体重训练
Meaning
exercises that use body weight for strength and flexibility
Example
She practices calisthenics every morning in the park.
她每天早晨在公园里做自体重训练。
B2 adjective /ˈkʌnɪŋ/

cunning

狡猾
Meaning
Having or showing skill in achieving one's ends by deceit or evasion; cleverness in a tricky way.
Example
The cunning fox tricked the farmer.
狡猾的狐狸欺骗了农夫。
A2 noun dɪˈskʌʃ.ənz

discussions

讨论
Meaning
The action or process of talking about something in order to reach a decision or to exchange ideas.
Example
Discussions promote collaboration.
讨论促进合作。
C2 noun /ˌær.əˈbesk/

arabesque

装饰性设计
Meaning
a complex, ornate design featuring intertwined flowing lines, often used in architecture or ballet poses
Example
The ceiling was decorated with delicate arabesque patterns.
天花板上装饰着精美的阿拉贝斯克图案。
C1 noun /ˌlaɪ.sənˈsiː/

Licensee

许可证持有者
Meaning
a person or organization that holds a license to do something
Example
The licensee is responsible for following all regulations.
许可证持有者负责遵守所有规定。
B2 noun /ˈfaɪbər/

fiber

纤维
Meaning
a thread or filament from which a textile is formed; dietary substance from plants that aids digestion
Example
Fruits and vegetables are high in fiber.
水果和蔬菜富含纤维。
A2 adverb /jet/

Yet

直到现在; 还;
Meaning
up to now or a specified time; still; however; nevertheless
Example
He hasn't finished his homework yet.
他还没有完成作业。
C1 noun /əˈbreɪʒən/

abrasion

由于摩擦而导致的皮肤或表面的擦伤或磨损
Meaning
a scrape or wearing away of the skin or surface due to friction
Example
He suffered a minor abrasion on his knee after falling.
他在摔倒后膝盖上受了一个轻微的擦伤。
C1 noun /ˈdaɪhɑːrd/

diehard

Meaning
A person who strongly resists change and remains loyal to a belief or cause.
Example
He is a diehard fan of classic rock music.
C1 noun /ˈmeɪ.trɪks/

matrix

矩阵, 结构
Meaning
An environment or structure in which something develops; also a mathematical array of numbers.
Example
The cultural matrix shaped his worldview.
文化矩阵塑造了他的世界观。
C2 noun /ˈpær.əkˌsɪz.əm/

paroxysm

突如其来的爆发
Meaning
A sudden, violent outburst of emotion or activity.
Example
She was seized by a paroxysm of laughter.
她被一阵突如其来的笑声席卷。
C2 adjective /bəˈθɛt.ɪk/

bathetic

琐碎的情感
Meaning
displaying insincere or trivial emotion; producing an unintended ridiculous effect through sudden change from serious to silly
Example
The movie's ending was unintentionally bathetic rather than tragic.
电影的结局是琐碎的，而不是悲剧性的。
C2 noun /ˌsuːdəʊəˈpɒsəl/

pseudapostle

伪使徒
Meaning
a false or pretended apostle
Example
The preacher was condemned as a pseudapostle.
这位传教士被定为伪使徒。
C1 noun /ˌænɛkˈseɪʃən/

annexation

吞并
Meaning
the act of adding or taking control of territory or property, especially by a state
Example
The annexation of the region led to international condemnation.
该地区的吞并引发了国际谴责。
C1 adjective /dɪˈvɔɪd/

devoid

空虚
Meaning
Completely lacking or without something.
Example
His speech was devoid of any real emotion.
他的演讲完全缺乏任何真实的情感。
B2 noun /ˈhæb.ɪ.tæt/

habitat

栖息地
Meaning
The natural environment where an organism lives and meets its needs.
Example
The polar bear's natural habitat is the Arctic region.
北极熊的自然栖息地是北极地区。
A2 verb /kəˈnɛkt/

connect

连接
Meaning
To join or fasten together; to establish a link or relationship.
Example
Social media helps us connect with others.
社交媒体帮助我们与他人连接。
A2 adjective /waɪz/

wise

聪明
Meaning
having or showing experience, knowledge, and good judgment
Example
It was wise of him to save money for the future.
他为未来存钱是明智的。
C1 adjective /ˌɪndɪˈfɛnsəbl̩/

indefensible

无法辩护
Meaning
not able to be protected or justified
Example
The minister’s remarks were considered indefensible by the public.
部长的言论被公众视为无法辩护。
C2 noun /ˈdrækmə/

drachma

德拉克马
Meaning
The basic monetary unit of Greece before the adoption of the euro.
Example
The old coin collection included a silver drachma.
这枚古老的硬币收藏包括一枚银德拉克马。
C1 adjective /prɪˈzʌmp.tʃu.əs/

presumptuous

自负的
Meaning
Overconfident, rude, or taking liberties without permission.
Example
It was presumptuous of him to make that decision without consulting others.
他在没有征求他人意见的情况下做出决定，显得非常自负。
C1 verb /ˈbæbəl/

babble

胡说
Meaning
to talk rapidly and continuously in a foolish way
Example
The baby babbles all day long.
宝宝整天嘟囔。
B2 adverb /əˈbrʌptli/

Abruptly

突然且出乎意料; 毫无预警
Meaning
suddenly and unexpectedly; without warning
Example
The meeting ended abruptly when the power went out.
会议在电力中断时突然结束。
C1 adjective /ɪˈmjuː.tə.bəl/

immutable

不变的
Meaning
Unchangeable, permanent, or fixed
Example
The laws of physics are considered immutable.
物理定律被认为是不变的。
C2 adjective /ˈwɪznd/

wizened

皱缩的
Meaning
Shriveled, wrinkled, or withered, often due to age.
Example
The wizened tree stood in the field for centuries.
那棵皱缩的树在田野中屹立了几个世纪。
C1 noun /ˈrɛ.trəʊ.fɪt.ɪŋ/

retrofitting

为旧系统添加新技术或功能
Meaning
The addition of new technology or features to older systems.
Example
The building underwent retrofitting to meet new safety standards.
这座建筑通过加装 retrofit 来满足新的安全标准。
C2 noun /ˌmɛtəˈfɪzɪks/

metaphysics

形而上学
Meaning
The branch of philosophy that deals with the fundamental nature of reality, existence, and the relationship between mind and matter.
Example
She studied metaphysics to understand the principles of existence beyond physical science.
她学习形而上学，以理解超越物理科学的存在原理。
B2 noun /ˌsɛlf ɪˈstiːm/

self-esteem

自尊
Meaning
confidence in one's own worth or abilities; self-respect
Example
Building self-esteem takes time and consistent effort.
建立自尊需要时间和持续的努力。
C2 noun /ˈvoʊtəri/

votary

信徒
Meaning
A devoted follower or admirer of someone or something.
Example
He is a votary of classical music and attends every concert.
他是古典音乐的信徒，每场音乐会都会参加。
C2 adjective /kəmˈpleɪzənt/

complaisant

过于顺从
Meaning
willing to please others or to accept what they do or say without protest
Example
He was too complaisant to refuse their demands.
他太顺从以至于无法拒绝他们的要求。
C1 noun /ˈɡriːvəns/

grievance

幸福
Meaning
A real or imagined cause for complaint, especially unfair treatment.
Example
The workers voiced their grievances to the management.
当她获得奖项时，她无法掩饰她的幸福。
B1 adverb /ˈtɛrəbli/

terribly

可怕地
Meaning
to a very great or extreme degree; very badly or unpleasantly
Example
He felt terribly sad after hearing the news.
听到消息后，他感到可怕地悲伤。
C1 verb /ˈɪnkjʊˌbeɪt/

incubate

孵化
Meaning
to keep eggs, cells, or organisms at the right conditions for development
Example
The hen will incubate the eggs until they hatch.
母鸡会孵化蛋直到它们孵化。
B1 verb /ˈfraɪtən/

frighten

吓唬
Meaning
to cause fear or alarm in someone
Example
The loud noise frightened the child.
巨大的噪音吓到了孩子。
B2 noun prəʊb

probe

探测器
Meaning
An unmanned exploratory spacecraft designed to transmit information about its environment.
Example
The probe collected data from the planet's surface.
探测器从行星表面收集数据。
C1 adjective /ˌboʊnəˈfaɪdi/

Bonafide

真正的; 真实的; 合法的
Meaning
genuine; authentic; legitimate
Example
She is a bonafide expert in her field.
她是她领域中的真正专家。
C2 noun /ˈæbɪs/

abbess

女修道院院长 (nǚ xiūdào yuàn yuán zhǎng)
Meaning
the woman in charge of a convent of nuns
Example
The abbess welcomed the visitors to the convent.
院长欢迎访客到修道院。
C1 noun /niːʃ/

Niche

市场细分, 专门领域, 目标市场
Meaning
A specialized segment of the market for a particular kind of product or service.
Example
Finding the right niche is key to a successful business.
找到正确的细分市场是成功经营的关键。
C2 noun /ˈtuːb.roʊz/

Tube-rose

夜来香
Meaning
a night-blooming flower with an intensely sweet fragrance, native to Mexico
Example
The tuberose flowers filled the evening air with their heavenly scent.
夜来香的花朵充满了夜晚空气中的天国香气。
A2 adverb /ˈtoʊtəli/

Totally

完全
Meaning
completely; entirely; absolutely
Example
I totally agree with your opinion.
我完全同意你的意见。
C1 noun əbˈzɔːrp.ʃən

absorption

吸收
Meaning
The process or action by which one thing absorbs or is absorbed by another.
Example
Plants help in the absorption of carbon dioxide.
植物有助于吸收二氧化碳。
A2 noun /ˈsoʊldʒərz/

soldiers

Meaning
members of an army who serve their country in war or peace
Example
The soldiers marched proudly down the street.
B2 noun /ˈpesɪˌmɪzəm/

pessimism

悲观主义
Meaning
A tendency to see the worst aspect of things or believe the worst will happen.
Example
Her constant pessimism made it hard to stay optimistic.
她的悲观主义让保持乐观变得很困难。
C2 noun /ˈlæki/

lackey

侍从
Meaning
a person who is overly willing to serve or obey someone else
Example
He treated his assistant like a mere lackey.
他把助手当作一个普通的侍从对待。
B2 noun /strɔː/

straw

稻草或吸管
Meaning
a thin tube for sucking up liquids; dried stalks of grain plants
Example
She drank the juice through a straw.
她通过吸管喝了果汁。
C2 adjective /bɪˈfɒɡd/

befogged

困惑的, 模糊的
Meaning
Confused or clouded in mind; made unclear like being surrounded by fog.
Example
His mind felt befogged after the long and exhausting meeting.
在漫长而令人疲惫的会议后，他的思维感到困惑。
B2 adjective /ɪkˈsten.sɪv/

Extensive

广泛的; 大规模的; 广阔的
Meaning
covering or affecting a large area; comprehensive; wide-ranging
Example
The company conducted extensive research before launching the new product.
公司在推出新产品之前进行了广泛的研究。
C1 noun /fiːnd/

fiend

恶魔，邪恶的人
Meaning
an evil spirit or demon; a wicked or cruel person; someone obsessed with a particular thing
Example
He is a real fiend when it comes to solving puzzles.
当涉及解谜时，他真的是个恶魔。
B1 noun ˈθer.ə.pi

therapy

治疗
Meaning
Treatment intended to relieve or heal a disorder; the treatment of a mental or physical disorder.
Example
Gene therapy offers hope for genetic disorders.
基因治疗为遗传性疾病提供希望。
A2 verb /der/

dare

敢
Meaning
to have courage to do something; to challenge someone
Example
I dare you to jump into the pool.
我敢挑战你跳入泳池。
B1 adverb /əˈsaɪd/

Aside

一边; 旁边; 离开主要部分
Meaning
to one side; apart; away from the main part
Example
Please set your book aside and listen to me.
请把书放到一边，听我说。
B1 verb /ˌɪntərˈækt/

interact

互动
Meaning
to communicate or work together with someone or something
Example
Students interact with teachers during class discussions.
学生们在课堂讨论中与老师互动。
C1 adjective /ˈsek.j ə.l ər/

Secular

世俗的
Meaning
not connected with religious or spiritual matters; worldly
Example
The country maintains a secular government that separates religion from politics.
这个国家维持一个世俗的政府，将宗教与政治分离。
C1 verb /wiːn/

wean

Meaning
To gradually stop a child or animal from breastfeeding; to detach from a habit.
Example
Parents often wean their babies around six months old.
C2 noun /ˌmɛɡələˈmeɪniə/

megalomania

对权力、财富或万能的妄想
Meaning
A condition characterized by delusional fantasies of power, wealth, or omnipotence.
Example
The dictator’s megalomania led him to believe he was invincible.
独裁者的极端自恋狂使他相信自己无敌。
B2 verb /ˈræm.bəl/

ramble

Meaning
to talk or write at length in a confused or inconsequential way; to walk for pleasure without a fixed route.
Example
He rambled on about his childhood for hours.
B1 noun /ˈbæɹɪəz/

barriers

障碍
Meaning
Something that prevents progress or access; obstacles or hindrances.
Example
Language barriers can make communication difficult.
语言障碍可能会使沟通变得困难。
C2 noun /ˌfoʊˈtɑːmɪtər/

photometer

光度计
Meaning
an instrument for measuring the intensity of light
Example
The scientist used a photometer to measure the light in the laboratory.
科学家在实验室里使用光度计来测量光线。
C1 verb /ˌdɪsəˈsɛmbəl/

disassemble

拆开
Meaning
To take apart something into its separate pieces.
Example
He had to disassemble the computer to repair it.
他必须拆开电脑来修理它。
B1 adjective /kənˈsɪdərəbl/

considerable

相当的
Meaning
large in amount, size, or importance
Example
The project required a considerable amount of time and money.
该项目需要相当多的时间和金钱。
B2 adjective /ɪnˈstrʌkʃənəl/

instructional

教学的
Meaning
providing knowledge or information; intended to teach
Example
The website offers many instructional videos for beginners.
该网站提供许多教学视频，适合初学者。
C2 noun /dʒeɪp/

jape

恶作剧, 玩笑
Meaning
A practical joke or humorous remark.
Example
He enjoyed a harmless jape with his friends.
他和朋友们享受了一场无害的恶作剧。
C2 adjective /səˈleɪʃəs/

salacious

淫秽的
Meaning
Having or conveying undue or inappropriate sexual interest.
Example
The tabloid published a salacious story about the celebrity.
小报发布了关于名人的淫秽故事。
B1 noun /ˈsteɪtəs/

status

状态
Meaning
the social or professional position or condition of someone or something
Example
His social status improved after the promotion.
他的社会地位在晋升后得到了改善。
B2 adjective /keɪˈɒtɪk/

Chaotic

混乱的; 无秩序的
Meaning
in a state of complete confusion and disorder
Example
The situation became chaotic after the announcement.
情况在公告后变得混乱。
C1 adjective /aɪˈdɪlɪk/

idyllic

田园诗般的美丽
Meaning
Like an idyll; extremely happy, peaceful, or picturesque.
Example
They enjoyed an idyllic vacation by the sea.
他们享受了一个田园诗般的海边假期。
C1 noun /ˈmɒdɪfaɪər/

modifier

修饰语
Meaning
a word or element that changes, limits, or describes the meaning of another word; something that alters or adjusts
Example
In the phrase 'very cold', 'very' is a modifier of 'cold'.
在短语“very cold”中，“very”是“cold”的修饰语。
B2 verb /dɪˈtekt/

detect

检测
Meaning
to discover or identify the presence or existence of something; to notice something that is not immediately obvious
Example
The security system can detect movement in the building.
安全系统可以检测到建筑物内的运动。
B2 noun /ˌprɒpəˈzɪʃən/

proposition

提议, 计划
Meaning
A statement, idea, or plan put forward for consideration or discussion.
Example
The company made a business proposition to the investors.
公司向投资者提出了商业提议。
C1 verb /plɒd/

plod

缓慢而坚定地工作
Meaning
to work slowly and steadily, often with effort or difficulty
Example
He plodded through his homework despite feeling tired.
尽管他感到疲倦，他还是慢慢地完成了作业。
C2 noun /ɪˈskʌtʃən/

escutcheon

带有家族徽章的盾牌
Meaning
a shield or emblem bearing a coat of arms
Example
The family crest was displayed on the escutcheon above the fireplace.
家族徽章展示在壁炉上方的盾牌上。
B2 noun ˌel.ɪ.dʒəˈbɪl.ə.ti

eligibility

资格
Meaning
The state of having the right to do or obtain something through satisfaction of the appropriate conditions.
Example
Eligibility criteria maintain fairness.
资格标准确保公平。
C2 verb /rɔɪl/

roil

搅动
Meaning
to make a liquid muddy or disturbed; to cause agitation or disorder
Example
The constant protests roiled the city streets.
持续的抗议活动搅动了城市的街道。
B2 noun /ˌɪnəˈbɪləti/

inability

无能
Meaning
the state of being unable to do something
Example
His inability to make decisions affected his career.
他无法做决定，这影响了他的职业生涯。
C2 verb /kəˈvɔrt/

cavort

开心地跳跃
Meaning
to jump or dance around excitedly
Example
The children cavorted happily in the garden.
孩子们在花园里高兴地跳跃。
B2 noun /raɪˈnɒs.ər.əs/

Rhinoceros

犀牛
Meaning
a large, heavy animal with thick skin and one or two horns on its nose
Example
The rhinoceros charged through the grassland.
犀牛冲过草原。
B2 verb /ˌdɪsɪnˈfɛkt/

disinfect

消毒
Meaning
to clean something thoroughly to destroy bacteria or viruses
Example
The nurse disinfected the wound before applying a bandage.
护士在敷上绷带之前消毒了伤口。
B1 preposition/adverb /əˈkɔːrdɪŋ/

according

根据
Meaning
As stated by or in agreement with.
Example
According to the report, sales increased last quarter.
根据报告，销售在上个季度增长了。
C1 adjective ləˈθɑːrdʒɪk

lethargic

昏睡
Meaning
Being inactive due to lack of physical or mental energy
Example
After a heavy meal, he felt lethargic and sleepy.
吃了丰盛的晚餐后，他感到昏睡和困倦。
C1 verb /ˈrætɪfaɪ/

ratify

批准
Meaning
to approve or confirm something officially, usually by law or formal consent
Example
The government ratified the trade agreement.
政府批准了贸易协议。
C2 noun /ˌɒstɛnˈteɪʃən/

ostentation

炫耀
Meaning
excessive display of wealth or knowledge intended to attract admiration or envy
Example
The billionaire’s party was full of ostentation and luxury.
亿万富翁的派对充满了炫耀和奢华。
C2 noun /proʊˈbɑːsɪs/

proboscis

象鼻
Meaning
The long, flexible nose of some animals, especially an elephant, or a tubular feeding and sucking organ in insects.
Example
The elephant used its proboscis to grab food.
大象用它的象鼻抓食物。
B2 verb prəˈlɔŋd

prolonged

延长
Meaning
Extended in duration; made to last longer than usual.
Example
Modern medicine has prolonged life expectancy.
现代医学延长了预期寿命。
C1 noun /ˈaɪsətəʊp/

isotope

同位素
Meaning
Atoms of the same element with equal number of protons but different numbers of neutrons.
Example
Carbon-14 is a radioactive isotope used in dating fossils.
碳-14 是一种放射性同位素，用于化石的年代测定。
C2 noun /ˈvoʊkəbəl/

vocable

词汇
Meaning
a word, term, or sound that has meaning
Example
The dictionary contained thousands of vocables from different languages.
字典中包含来自不同语言的成千上万的词汇。
B1 verb /səˈraʊnd/

surround

围绕
Meaning
To be all around someone or something.
Example
Mountains surround the small village.
山脉围绕着小村庄。
A1 noun /wɔːl/

wall

墙
Meaning
a vertical structure that encloses or divides an area
Example
The wall in our living room is painted blue.
我们客厅的墙壁被涂成了蓝色。
B2 noun əˌpriː.ʃiˈeɪ.ʃən

appreciation

增值
Meaning
An increase in the value of an asset over time.
Example
Real estate properties often experience appreciation over time.
房地产通常随着时间的推移而增值。
A2 noun /ˈsen.tər/

center

中心
Meaning
A place or building designated for a particular activity or service.
Example
The first robotic surgery center was established in Rangpur.
第一个机器人手术中心在兰普尔建立。
C1 adjective /ˈpɑːndərəs/

ponderous

沉重而缓慢
Meaning
slow and clumsy because of great weight; dull and labored
Example
The ponderous lecture made it hard for students to stay awake.
这堂沉重而缓慢的讲座使学生们难以保持清醒。
C1 adjective /ˈnɒm.ɪ.nəl/

Nominal

名义上的; 非常小
Meaning
very small in size or amount; existing in name only
Example
He paid only a nominal fee for the membership since he was a student.
他只支付了名义上的会员费，因为他是学生。
B2 noun /ˈkɒmɜːs/

commerce

商业
Meaning
the activity of buying and selling goods and services
Example
International commerce has expanded significantly in recent years.
国际商务在最近几年显著增长。
C2 noun /kənˈtraɪ.vəns/

contrivance

装置或计划
Meaning
a device or plan that is cleverly or artificially created
Example
The clock was an intricate contrivance of gears and springs.
这只钟是由齿轮和弹簧组成的复杂装置。
C1 adjective /ˈnɔːtɪkəl/

nautical

航海
Meaning
relating to ships, sailors, or navigation on water
Example
He studied nautical charts before setting sail.
他在起航前研究了航海图。
C1 adjective /ˈɜːrθi/

earthy

泥土味的 / 简单
Meaning
resembling or suggestive of earth or soil; simple, natural, and sometimes coarse
Example
The dish had a rich, earthy flavor from the mushrooms.
这道菜有着来自蘑菇的丰富泥土味。
C2 adjective /paɪd/

pied

花色的
Meaning
having two or more different colors, typically in blotches
Example
The pied cat had black and white patches all over its body.
这只斑猫身上有黑白色的斑点。
B2 verb əbˈzɜːrvd

observed

庆祝
Meaning
To celebrate or keep a religious or other festival.
Example
The day is observed annually to raise awareness.
这一天每年庆祝，以提高意识。
A1 adjective /ˈɔːr.ɪndʒ/

Orange

橙色
Meaning
having a color between red and yellow like that of a ripe orange fruit
Example
The orange sunset painted the sky magnificently.
橙色的日落把天空画得非常壮丽。
C1 noun /ˈmɛrɪɡoʊld/

Marigold

万寿菊
Meaning
a bright orange or yellow flower of the daisy family, often used in gardens and ceremonies
Example
The vibrant marigold flowers added a splash of color to the festival decorations.
鲜艳的万寿菊花为节日装饰增添了一抹颜色。
C2 noun /dɪˈdʒɛkʃən/

dejection

沮丧
Meaning
a state of sadness, depression, or low spirits
Example
She sat in a state of dejection after hearing the bad news.
她在听到坏消息后，处于一种沮丧的状态。
B1 noun /dɜːrt/

Dirt

污垢; 土地; 不洁物质
Meaning
a substance that makes something unclean; earth or soil; unclean matter
Example
After playing in the garden, the children were covered in dirt from head to toe.
在花园玩耍后，孩子们从头到脚都沾满了污垢。