B2 adjective kənˈven.ʃən.əl

conventional

传统的

Meaning

Based on or in accordance with what is generally done or believed; traditional, standard, customary.

Example

Many farmers still use conventional farming methods.

许多农民仍然使用传统的农业方法。

C1 adjective, noun /ˈkeɪnaɪn/

canine

与狗有关的 / 犬齿

Meaning

Relating to dogs; also refers to the pointed teeth in humans and animals

Example

The police trained a canine unit for search operations.

警察训练了一个警犬单位进行搜寻工作。

C1 adjective /kənˈstreɪnd/

constrained

受限的, 强迫的

Meaning

appearing forced, unnatural, or restricted

Example

He gave a constrained smile during the awkward meeting.

在尴尬的会议中，他露出了强迫的微笑。

A2 noun /ˈkʊki/

cookie

饼干

Meaning

a small sweet baked food, usually with flour, sugar, and butter

Example

She offered me a chocolate chip cookie.

她给我提供了一块巧克力曲奇。

C1 noun /ˈkoʊtʃ.mən/

Coachman

马车夫

Meaning

a person who drives a horse-drawn carriage or coach

Example

The coachman skillfully guided the horses through the busy streets.

马车夫熟练地引导着马匹穿过繁忙的街道。

B2 adjective /kənˈvɪnsɪŋ/

Convincing

令人信服的; 可信的; 有说服力的; 能使某人相信某事的

Meaning

believable; credible; persuasive; able to make someone believe something

Example

His convincing argument won over the entire jury.

他的有说服力的论点赢得了整个陪审团。

C2 noun /ˈsɪɡnət/

cygnet

天鹅幼崽

Meaning

a young swan

Example

The cygnet swam closely behind its mother.

小天鹅在母亲后面游泳。

C2 noun /kaɪˈmɪərə/

chimera

奇美拉

Meaning

A mythical creature with parts from different animals; also used to mean a fanciful illusion or unattainable dream.

Example

The idea of a perfect society is often a chimera.

完美社会的概念往往是一种幻想。

C1 verb /kənˈdəʊn/

condone

宽容

Meaning

To accept or allow behavior that is morally wrong or offensive.

Example

The manager refused to condone harassment in the workplace.

经理拒绝在工作场所宽容骚扰。

B1 verb /kræk/

crack

幸福

Meaning

To break or cause to break without complete separation; to make a sharp sound.

Example

The glass cracked when it was dropped on the floor.

当她收到奖项时，她无法掩饰她的幸福。

C2 noun /ˈkʌvən/

coven

女巫集会

Meaning

a group or gathering of witches

Example

The witches met secretly in a coven in the forest.

女巫们在森林中的一个女巫集会中悄悄聚集。

C1 noun /ˌkɒnstəˈneɪʃən/

consternation

惊愕

Meaning

A feeling of anxiety, dismay, or confusion, often caused by something unexpected.

Example

The sudden announcement caused widespread consternation among the employees.

突如其来的宣布在员工中引起了广泛的惊愕

A1 noun /ˈkrɪsməs/

christmas

圣诞节

Meaning

an annual festival celebrating the birth of Jesus Christ, observed on December 25

Example

Families gather to celebrate Christmas with joy and love.

家庭聚在一起庆祝圣诞节，带着欢乐和爱。

C1 noun /ˌkɒnfɪˈdɑːnt/

confidante

知己

Meaning

A woman with whom one shares a secret or private matter, trusting her not to repeat it.

Example

The queen’s maid became her most trusted confidante.

皇后的女仆成为了她最信任的知己。

C1 noun ˌkæp.ɪ.təl.aɪˈzeɪ.ʃən

capitalization

资本化

Meaning

The total market value of a company's shares or the provision of capital for a company or activity.

Example

The company's capitalization reached $1 billion in market value.

该公司的资本化达到了10亿美元的市场价值。

C1 verb /ˈkɒr.ə.leɪt/

correlate

建立关系

Meaning

To have a mutual relationship or connection; to establish a relationship between two or more things.

Example

Researchers found that diet and mental health correlate strongly.

研究人员发现饮食和心理健康之间有强烈的相关性。

C1 noun kəˈlɛktɪvɪzəm

collectivism

集体主义

Meaning

The practice or principle of giving a group priority over each individual in it.

Example

Collectivism emphasizes the importance of group over individual interests.

集体主义强调集体利益高于个人利益。

B2 adjective /ˈkælkjuleɪtɪd/

calculated

精心计算的

Meaning

Done with full awareness of the consequences; deliberate or carefully planned.

Example

Her calculated move gave her an advantage over her competitors.

她的精心计算的举动使她在竞争对手中占据了优势。

B1 noun /kræft/

craft

技能，工艺，手工艺

Meaning

an activity involving skill in making things by hand; a trade or occupation

Example

She has mastered the craft of pottery.

她精通陶艺的工艺。

B1 noun /kræb/

Crab

螃蟹

Meaning

a crustacean with a broad carapace, stalked eyes, and five pairs of legs, the first pair of which are modified as pincers

Example

The crab scuttled sideways across the sand.

螃蟹横向爬行穿过沙滩。

A1 verb /tʃuːz/

choose

选择

Meaning

to pick or select from several options

Example

I always choose healthy food options.

我总是选择健康的食物选择。

A2 noun /kriːm/

Cream

奶油

Meaning

the thick white or pale yellow fatty liquid that rises to the top of milk

Example

She whipped the cream until it became fluffy.

她打发奶油，直到它变得蓬松。

C1 adjective /kəˈnɒnɪkəl/

canonical

典范的 / 被接受的

Meaning

Conforming to a general rule or accepted standard; officially recognized.

Example

Shakespeare’s works are considered canonical in English literature.

莎士比亚的作品在英语文学中被认为是典范的。

B1 adjective /ˈtʃɪli/

chilly

寒冷

Meaning

uncomfortably or unpleasantly cold

Example

It was a chilly morning in December.

十二月的早晨很寒冷。

B1 noun ˈkæn.dɪ.deɪts

candidates

候选人

Meaning

A person who applies for a job or is nominated for election; someone being considered for a position.

Example

Candidates undergo a rigorous selection process.

候选人经历了一个严格的选拔过程。

C1 adjective /kənˈdʒenɪtl/

congenital

先天的

Meaning

existing from birth, usually describing a disease or condition

Example

The child was born with a congenital heart defect.

这个孩子出生时就有先天性心脏缺陷。

C1 noun /ˌkɒk.əˈtuː/

Cockatoo

凤头鹦鹉

Meaning

a large parrot with a prominent crest that can be raised or lowered

Example

The white cockatoo raised its beautiful crest.

白色凤头鹦鹉举起了它美丽的冠羽。

A2 verb /kəˈlɛkt/

collect

收集

Meaning

to gather together; to accumulate items

Example

I collect stamps as a hobby.

我把收集邮票作为一种爱好。

C1 noun /kəˈlæm.ɪ.ti/

Calamity

灾难；灾祸

Meaning

an event causing great and often sudden damage or distress; a disaster

Example

The earthquake was a terrible calamity that affected thousands of families.

地震是一次可怕的灾难，影响了成千上万的家庭。

B2 adjective /kɔːrs/

coarse

粗糙, 粗鲁

Meaning

Rough in texture or manner; not smooth or refined.

Example

The fabric felt coarse to the touch.

这块布料摸起来很粗糙。

B1 noun /kraʊn/

Crown

王冠

Meaning

a circular ornamental headdress worn by a monarch as a symbol of authority

Example

The queen wore a magnificent crown during the coronation ceremony.

女王在加冕仪式上戴着一顶华丽的王冠。

B2 verb /ˈkɒmbæt/

combat

对抗

Meaning

to fight against something, especially to reduce or stop it

Example

The government is taking steps to combat corruption.

政府正在采取措施来对抗腐败。

C2 adjective /ˈklæmərəs/

clamorous

喧闹的

Meaning

making a loud and confused noise; expressing strong demands noisily

Example

The clamorous audience demanded an encore from the band.

喧闹的观众要求乐队再来一首歌。

B2 noun kəˈmɒd.ə.ti

commodity

商品

Meaning

A raw material or primary agricultural product that can be bought and sold.

Example

Oil is a valuable commodity in the global market.

石油是全球市场上有价值的商品。

C1 noun /ˌkæm.əˈrɑː.dɚ.i/

camaraderie

友谊, 伙伴关系, 团结

Meaning

Mutual trust and friendship among people who spend a lot of time together.

Example

The camaraderie among teammates was inspiring.

队友之间的友情令人鼓舞。

C2 noun /ˈkɒl.ə.kwi/

colloquy

正式对话

Meaning

A formal conversation or dialogue, often on serious or academic topics.

Example

The professors engaged in a deep colloquy about the future of education.

教授们就教育的未来进行了深入的对话。

C2 noun /ˈkæt.aɪ.ɒn ɪksˌtʃeɪndʒ/

cation-exchange

阳离子交换

Meaning

A chemical process in soil that helps retain nutrients.

Example

The cation-exchange capacity of soil affects plant growth.

土壤的阳离子交换容量会影响植物的生长。

B2 noun /ˈkjuː.bɪ.kəl/

cubicle

办公隔间

Meaning

A small partitioned-off area of a room, typically in an office.

Example

She works in a cubicle with three other colleagues.

她和另外三位同事在一个办公隔间里工作。

C2 noun /ˈkʌstərd ˈæpəl/

Custard Apple

奶油苹果

Meaning

a tropical fruit with sweet creamy white flesh and black seeds

Example

The custard apple has a sweet and creamy texture.

奶油苹果具有甜美和奶油般的口感。

C1 adverb /ˈkɔːrdiəli/

Cordially

热情地

Meaning

in a warm and friendly manner; sincerely

Example

You are cordially invited to our wedding ceremony.

你被热情邀请参加我们的婚礼仪式。

B2 noun /ˈsɪnəmən/

Cinnamon

肉桂

Meaning

aromatic spice obtained from the inner bark of several tree species

Example

Cinnamon is often used in baking and desserts.

肉桂常用于烘焙和甜点中。

C2 noun /ˈklævɪkəl/

clavicle

锁骨

Meaning

the collarbone, a long bone that serves as a strut between the shoulder blade and the sternum

Example

He fractured his clavicle in the accident.

他在事故中断了锁骨。

C2 adjective /ˈkɒndʒʊɡəl/

conjugal

婚姻的

Meaning

relating to marriage or the relationship between husband and wife

Example

They enjoyed a long life of conjugal happiness.

他们享受了长久的婚姻幸福生活。

B2 noun /ˈkɒmpɪtəns/

competence

能力

Meaning

the ability to do something successfully or efficiently

Example

Her competence as a manager impressed the board.

作为经理，她的能力给董事会留下了深刻印象。

C1 noun /krʌtʃ/

crutch

拐杖, 支撑

Meaning

a support used by someone injured to walk; also something relied upon for support or help

Example

He had to use crutches after breaking his leg.

他在摔断腿后不得不用拐杖。

B2 noun /ˈkrɪstəl/

crystal

水晶

Meaning

a clear, transparent mineral or glass that forms a solid structure with regular patterns

Example

She wore a necklace made of sparkling crystal.

她戴着一条闪闪发光的水晶项链。

A2 adjective /kəˈneɪdiən/

canadian

加拿大的

Meaning

Relating to Canada or its people.

Example

She enjoys Canadian culture and traditions.

她喜欢加拿大的文化和传统。

C1 noun /ˈkɒnfɪdænt/

confidant

知己

Meaning

A person with whom one shares a secret or private matter, trusting them not to repeat it.

Example

She found a true confidant in her childhood friend.

她在她的童年朋友中找到了一个真正的知己。

C2 adjective /ˈkæloʊ/

callow

不成熟

Meaning

Inexperienced and immature.

Example

The callow intern made several mistakes on his first day.

那个缺乏经验的实习生在第一天犯了几个错误。

B1 noun /ˈtʃiːtər/

cheater

作弊者

Meaning

a person who cheats or acts dishonestly to gain an advantage

Example

He was caught and labeled as a cheater during the exam.

他在考试中被称为作弊者。

C2 noun ˌkɒdʒɪˈteɪʃən

cogitation

沉思, 思考

Meaning

The action of thinking deeply about something; contemplation

Example

After much cogitation, he made the final decision.

经过深思熟虑后，他做出了最终决定。

B2 noun/verb /ˈkɒmplɪmənt/

complement

补充

Meaning

something that completes or goes well with something; to add something that enhances or improves

Example

The scarf complements her outfit perfectly.

围巾完美地补充了她的装束。

C1 noun /kənˈtɪn.dʒən.si/

contingency

应急计划

Meaning

A provision for an unforeseen event or circumstance, especially in financial planning.

Example

The company has a contingency plan for economic downturns.

公司有一个应急计划来应对经济衰退。

C1 verb /ˈkɒŋɡrɪɡeɪt/

congregate

聚集, 集合

Meaning

to gather together in a group; to assemble

Example

People congregate in the town square every evening.

人们每天晚上都会在市中心的广场上聚集。

B2 adverb /ˈkɒnsɪkwəntli/

consequently

因此

Meaning

as a result; therefore

Example

He didn’t study, and consequently he failed the exam.

他没有学习，因此他没通过考试。

B2 noun ˈkæp.sjuːl

capsule

胶囊。一个小的可溶解的明胶外壳，内含药物剂量，整个吞下。

Meaning

A small soluble case of gelatin containing a dose of medicine, swallowed whole.

Example

Capsules contain controlled environments.

胶囊包含受控的环境。

A2 noun /ˈkændl/

candle

蜡烛

Meaning

a stick of wax with a wick that burns to give light

Example

She lit a candle during the power cut.

在停电时她点燃了一根蜡烛。

C2 verb /ˌkɒntrəˈvɜːrt/

controvert

反驳

Meaning

to dispute or argue against; to contradict

Example

The scientist controversed the previous research findings.

科学家反驳了之前的研究结果。

A2 noun ˈtʃælɪndʒ

challenge

挑战

Meaning

A call to take part in a contest or competition, especially a demanding or stimulating one; a task or situation that tests someone's abilities.

Example

Plastic pollution poses a significant challenge to global health.

塑料污染对全球健康构成了重大挑战。

B1 noun /klɑːrk/

clerk

职员

Meaning

A person employed in an office or bank to keep records, accounts, and undertake other routine administrative duties.

Example

The clerk helped me find the correct form.

职员帮助我找到了正确的表格。

C1 noun /ˌkɒŋɡrɪˈɡeɪʃən/

congregation

集会

Meaning

a group of people assembled for religious worship or a common purpose

Example

The congregation gathered to hear the sermon.

集会聚集在一起聆听讲道。

B2 noun /kənˌtɪn.juˈeɪ.ʃən/

continuation

延续

Meaning

the action of carrying something on over time; extension

Example

The continuation of the series was announced after the finale.

系列的延续在结局后宣布。

C2 verb /kənˈdjuːs/

conduce

有助于

Meaning

To help bring about a particular result; to contribute to something.

Example

Regular exercise conduces to better health.

定期锻炼有助于更好的健康。

B2 noun ˌkʌl.tɪˈveɪ.ʃən

cultivation

耕作

Meaning

The practice of preparing and using land for crops or gardening; the action of improving or developing something.

Example

The cultivation of organic crops has increased worldwide.

有机作物的耕作在全球范围内增加了。

C2 noun /ˈkɔːfər/

coffer

箱子

Meaning

A strongbox or small chest for holding valuables, often used metaphorically for funds or financial reserves.

Example

The city's coffers were drained after the costly project.

昂贵的项目后，城市的资金库被耗尽了。

C1 noun ˈkætəlɪst

catalyst

催化剂

Meaning

A person or thing that precipitates an event or change.

Example

His speech acted as a catalyst for change in the community.

他的演讲成为了社区变化的催化剂。

C1 noun /ˈkælkjʊləs/

calculus

微积分

Meaning

A branch of mathematics concerned with rates of change and accumulation; also a hard mineral deposit in the body such as on teeth.

Example

Calculus is essential for advanced studies in physics and engineering.

微积分是物理学和工程学高级研究的基础。

B2 noun /ˈkaʊnsələr/

counsellor

咨询师

Meaning

a person trained to give guidance on personal, social, or psychological problems; an advisor

Example

She spoke to a counsellor to get advice about her career.

她和一名咨询师谈了自己的职业问题。

C2 verb /ˈtʃeɪ.sən/

chasten

惩罚 / 使屈服

Meaning

to correct or discipline; to humble or subdue

Example

The coach chastened the team after their poor performance.

教练在他们的糟糕表现后惩罚了球队。

A2 noun /kənˌɡrætʃ.əˈleɪ.ʃənz/

Congratulations

祝贺

Meaning

words expressing praise for an achievement or good wishes on a special occasion

Example

Congratulations on your promotion! You really deserved this success.

恭喜晋升！你真的值得这次成功。

C1 verb /tʃɑːr/

char

烧焦

Meaning

To burn or scorch something so that it becomes blackened.

Example

The cook accidentally charred the steak.

厨师不小心烧焦了牛排。

C1 noun /ˈkæn.ɪ.bəl/

Cannibal

食人者

Meaning

a person who eats the flesh of other human beings

Example

The explorer's journal described rumors of cannibals living on the remote island.

探险家的日志描述了有关食人者在偏远岛屿上生活的谣言。

B2 adjective ˈkʌl.ɪ.nər.i

culinary

烹饪的

Meaning

Related to cooking or the preparation of food, especially in a sophisticated or professional manner.

Example

Culinary advancements enhance the dining experience.

烹饪的进步提升了用餐体验。

C2 verb /ˈkæn.tər/

canter

慢跑

Meaning

To ride a horse at a controlled, easy pace between a trot and a gallop.

Example

She cantered her horse across the field with ease.

她轻松地骑马穿过田野。

B1 noun /ˈkrɪtɪˌsɪzəm/

criticism

批评

Meaning

The expression of disapproval or judgment of the merits of something

Example

The new policy has faced a lot of criticism from the public.

新政策面临来自公众的批评。

C2 adjective /ˈsɪlieɪtɪd/

ciliated

带有纤毛的

Meaning

Having minute hairlike projections (cilia) on the surface of cells or organisms.

Example

The ciliated cells in the respiratory tract help move mucus out of the lungs.

呼吸道中的纤毛细胞帮助将粘液排出肺部。

C1 noun kənˈfɔː.mə.ti

conformity

一致性，遵从，合规

Meaning

Compliance with standards, rules, or laws. Behavior in accordance with socially accepted conventions.

Example

Strict conformity to the rules ensures order in society.

严格遵守规则确保社会秩序。

C1 noun /kɑːrˈtɒɡrəfər/

cartographer

制图师

Meaning

A person who makes maps.

Example

The cartographer carefully drew the map of the new territory.

制图师小心地绘制了新区域的地图。

C2 noun /kənˈfɛsər/

confessor

忏悔者

Meaning

A person who confesses sins or secrets, especially to a priest.

Example

The confessor listened patiently to the troubled man.

忏悔者耐心地听着困扰的男人。

crisis

危机

Meaning

A time of intense difficulty, trouble, or danger.

Example

The financial crisis affected global markets.

金融危机影响了全球市场。

B2 noun /kəˈmændər/

Commander

指挥官

Meaning

a person in authority over a military unit; leader of armed forces

Example

The commander ordered his troops to advance.

指挥官命令他的部队前进。

B2 adjective ˌkɑː.bən ˈnjuː.trəl

carbon-neutral

碳中和

Meaning

Having a balance between emitting carbon and absorbing carbon from the atmosphere; not adding to overall carbon emissions.

Example

The company aims to be carbon-neutral by 2030.

该公司计划在2030年实现碳中和。

A1 verb, adjective /kloʊz/ (verb), /kloʊs/ (adjective)

close

关闭，接近

Meaning

To shut something (verb); near in space or relationship (adjective).

Example

Please close the door when you leave.

请在您离开时关门。

B1 adverb /ˈkeərləsli/

carelessly

粗心地

Meaning

without care or attention; in a negligent or reckless manner

Example

He carelessly left the door unlocked.

他粗心地把门忘了上锁。

C1 noun/verb kənˈdʒɛk.tʃər

conjecture

推测

Meaning

An opinion or conclusion formed on the basis of incomplete information; to form an opinion or supposition about something.

Example

The scientist's conjecture was later proven true.

科学家的推测后来被证明是正确的。

B2 noun /kəmˈplek.ʃən/

Complexion

肤色

Meaning

the natural color, texture, and appearance of a person's skin, especially on the face

Example

Her fair complexion glowed beautifully in the morning sunlight.

她的肤色在早晨的阳光下美丽地发光。

C1 verb /krɪndʒ/

cringe

感到尴尬

Meaning

To shrink back in fear, embarrassment, or discomfort.

Example

She cringed when she remembered her mistake.

她想起自己的错误时，感到非常尴尬。

A2 noun /ˈkɒlɪdʒ/

college

大学

Meaning

An educational institution where students study for degrees or professional qualifications.

Example

She hopes to attend college in the city next year.

她希望明年能在城市的大学就读。

B2 noun /kəʊˌɔːdɪˈneɪʃən/

coordination

协调

Meaning

the process of organizing different elements to work together effectively

Example

The coordination between the teams was flawless.

团队之间的协调无可挑剔。

B2 verb /kənˈfrʌnt/

confront

面对

Meaning

to face someone or something directly, especially in a challenge or conflict

Example

She had to confront her fears before making the speech.

她在演讲前必须面对自己的恐惧。

C1 verb, noun /klɑːɡ/

clog

堵塞 / 木鞋

Meaning

to block or become blocked; a type of heavy wooden shoe

Example

The sink was clogged with food waste.

水槽被食物废料堵住了。