anguish
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C1 noun /ˈæŋɡwɪʃ/

anguish

Meaning
Severe mental or physical pain or suffering.
Example
She was in deep anguish after hearing the tragic news.
C1 noun /ˈɔːtəkræt/

autocrat

Meaning
A ruler with absolute power.
Example
The autocrat controlled the country with an iron fist.
B2 noun /ˌæk.wɪˈzɪʃ.ən/

Acquisition

Meaning
An asset or object bought or obtained, typically by a library or museum.
Example
The company's acquisition strategy boosted growth.
C1 verb /əˈfɪliˌeɪt/

affiliate

Meaning
to officially attach or connect (a group or organization) to a larger body
Example
The school is affiliated with the local university.
C2 adjective /ˌæntɪdəˈluːviən/

antediluvian

Meaning
extremely old-fashioned; belonging to the time before the biblical flood
Example
His views on women are positively antediluvian.
C1 noun /ˈælɔɪ/

alloy

Meaning
A mixture of metals or a metal combined with another element.
Example
Bronze is an alloy of copper and tin.
B2 noun, verb /əˈsɔːlt/

assault

Meaning
a physical attack or to attack someone violently
Example
He was charged with assault after the fight.
B2 verb /əˈbɒlɪʃ/

abolish

Meaning
to formally end or stop something; to cancel or eliminate completely
Example
The government decided to abolish the old tax system.
B1 adverb /ˌɔːtəˈmætɪkli/

automatically

Meaning
without human control or intervention; done by itself
Example
The door closes automatically after you enter.
B1 noun /ɑːrmz/

Arms

Meaning
weapons and ammunition; firearms
Example
The soldiers carried their arms into battle.
C2 noun /əˈpɒfəsɪs/

apophasis

Meaning
A rhetorical device where the speaker brings up a subject by denying it or pretending to pass over it.
Example
The politician used apophasis by saying, 'I won’t even mention my opponent’s scandals.'
C2 noun /əˈmɛrɪkəˌnɪzəm/

americanism

Meaning
A word, phrase, or practice characteristic of American English or culture.
Example
The term 'sidewalk' is an Americanism, while 'pavement' is used in British English.
C2 noun /ænˈtɪfəni/

antiphony

Meaning
a form of music in which two or more groups or choirs sing alternately in response to each other
Example
The cathedral's architecture was designed to enhance the effect of antiphony.
B1 verb əˈdrɛst

addressed

Meaning
To think about and begin to deal with an issue or problem.
Example
Addressing key problems is vital for long-term change.
B2 adverb /ˈæk.jə.rət.li/

Accurately

Meaning
in an exact way, without any mistakes; precisely; correctly
Example
She accurately predicted the outcome of the election.
C1 noun /ˈeɪ.peks/

apex

Meaning
The highest point or peak of something; the top or summit.
Example
He reached the apex of his career.
C2 adjective /ˌæm.bɪˈdɛk.strəs/

ambidextrous

Meaning
Able to use both hands equally well, or versatile in abilities.
Example
Being ambidextrous can be beneficial in sports.
B2 noun /ˌærɪˈstɑːkrəsi/

aristocracy

Meaning
a class of people holding exceptional rank and privileges, especially hereditary nobility
Example
The aristocracy often had influence over political decisions.
B2 noun ˈæt.rɪ.bjuːt

attribute

Meaning
A quality or feature regarded as a characteristic or inherent part of someone or something.
Example
An important attribute of wood is its flexibility.
C1 verb /əˈbeɪt/

abate

Meaning
to become less intense or widespread
Example
The storm began to abate after midnight.
A2 verb /əˈnaʊns/

announce

Meaning
to make a formal public statement about something
Example
The company will announce the new product tomorrow.
C1 noun /əˈstuːt.nəs/

astuteness

Meaning
The ability to accurately assess situations or people and turn this to one's advantage.
Example
His astuteness helped in negotiations.
B1 adjective /əˈfɔːdəbl/

affordable

Meaning
inexpensive and within one's financial means
Example
This restaurant offers affordable meals for families.
B1 noun /əˈkaʊntənt/

accountant

Meaning
a person whose job is to keep or check financial accounts
Example
The accountant prepared the financial reports for the company.
C2 adjective /ˈæfəbəl/

affable

Meaning
friendly, easy to talk to, and pleasant in manner
Example
He is such an affable host that everyone feels comfortable at his parties.
C1 adjective /ˌæl.ɡəˈrɪð.mɪk/

algorithmic

Meaning
Based on or using algorithms; relating to mathematical rules or procedures.
Example
Algorithmic processes power artificial intelligence systems.
C1 verb /əˈtɛst/

attest

Meaning
To provide or serve as clear evidence of; to confirm or certify the truth of something.
Example
The witness attested to the accuracy of the report.
A1 preposition, adverb /əˈlɔːŋ/

along

Meaning
moving in a constant direction on (a road, path, or surface)
Example
We walked along the river.
C2 noun /ˌæŋɡləˈfoʊbiə/

anglophobia

Meaning
Dislike or fear of England, English people, or English culture.
Example
The politician was accused of promoting Anglophobia in his speeches.
C2 adjective əˈsɪd.ju.əs

assiduous

Meaning
Showing great care and perseverance; diligent and hardworking.
Example
His assiduous efforts led to a successful career.
B1 noun /əˈtæʧmənt/

attachment

Meaning
a strong feeling of affection or connection
Example
The attachment he felt to his hometown was undeniable.
C2 noun /ˌær.əˈbɪl.ɪ.ti/

arability

Meaning
The quality of land being suitable for growing crops.
Example
The arability of land depends on soil quality and water availability.
B1 noun /ˈær.əb/

arab

Meaning
a person belonging to the Semitic people of the Middle East and North Africa
Example
He is an Arab living in Dubai.
B2 adjective /əˈten.tɪv/

Attentive

Meaning
careful to pay attention; alert and observant
Example
The attentive student listened carefully to every word the teacher said.
C1 adjective /ˈædʒ.aɪl/

agile

Meaning
able to move quickly and easily; quick and adaptable in thinking or action
Example
The startup team was agile in responding to market changes.
B1 verb /əˈrɛst/

arrest

Meaning
to catch and hold by legal authority; to stop suddenly
Example
The police will arrest the suspect tomorrow.
C1 noun /ˈæptɪˌtjuːd/

aptitude

Meaning
a natural ability or talent to do something well
Example
She has a strong aptitude for learning new languages.
B2 noun (plural) /ˈɑːrtɪˌfæks/

artifacts

Meaning
objects made by humans, often of historical or cultural importance
Example
Archaeologists discovered valuable artifacts in the ruins.
B1 noun, adjective, gerund /ˈæk.tɪŋ/

acting

Meaning
the art or profession of performing in plays, films, or television; temporary performance of duties; the process of performing an action
Example
She is studying acting to become a professional actress.
C2 noun /ˌænɪmædˈvɜːʒən/

animadversion

Meaning
Strong criticism or censure.
Example
The policy attracted severe animadversion from the public.
B1 noun /əˈsaɪnmənt/

assignment

Meaning
a task or piece of work given to someone as part of their duties
Example
The students completed their homework assignment on time.
B2 noun ˈæk.tɪv rɪˈkɔːl

Active recall

Meaning
A learning technique that involves actively trying to retrieve information from memory rather than passively reviewing material.
Example
Active recall improves long-term memory and retention.
C2 verb /ˈæbrəɡeɪt/

abrogate

Meaning
To formally repeal, cancel, or abolish a law, agreement, or custom.
Example
The government decided to abrogate the outdated treaty.
C1 verb /əkˈsɛntʃueɪt/

accentuate

Meaning
to emphasize or make something more noticeable
Example
The lighting accentuated the beauty of the painting.
B2 verb /əˈkʌmpəni/

accompany

Meaning
to go somewhere with someone as a companion or escort
Example
She asked her friend to accompany her to the concert.
C1 noun /ˈæpərtʃər/

aperture

Meaning
an opening, hole, or gap, especially one that lets in light
Example
Light entered through the small aperture in the wall.
C1 noun /əˈlɜːrtnəs/

alertness

Meaning
the state of being mentally aware and quick to notice or respond; vigilance
Example
The driver maintained a high level of alertness during the long journey.
C1 noun /ˈæb.stɪ.nəns/

abstinence

Meaning
the practice of restraining oneself from indulging in something, typically alcohol or sex
Example
His doctor advised abstinence from alcohol for better health.
C2 adjective /əˈpɜːrtənənt/

appurtenant

Meaning
Belonging to or associated with something, often used in legal/property contexts.
Example
The right of way is appurtenant to the landowner’s property.
B2 conjunction /ˌɔːlˈbiː.ɪt/

albeit

Meaning
Although; even though.
Example
He finally agreed, albeit reluctantly.
C1 noun /əˈtoʊnmənt/

atonement

Meaning
the act of making amends for a wrong, sin, or injury
Example
The festival was celebrated as a day of atonement.
C2 noun /ˈæltruɪst/

altruist

Meaning
a person who has an unselfish concern for the welfare of others
Example
He is an altruist who always puts others' needs before his own.
B2 adjective /əˈsɜːr.tɪv/

Assertive

Meaning
confident and forceful; having a strong personality
Example
She is very assertive when speaking in meetings.
C2 noun /əˈvɪdəti/

avidity

Meaning
extreme eagerness or enthusiasm
Example
He accepted the offer with avidity.
C2 noun /əˈbrɪdʒmənt/

abridgment

Meaning
A shortened version of a larger work, such as a book or speech.
Example
The publisher released an abridgment of the lengthy novel for students.
C2 noun /ˈɑːrtləsnəs/

artlessness

Meaning
The quality of being natural and simple without deceit or pretension.
Example
Her artlessness made her beloved by all.
B1 adjective /eɪdʒd/

aged

Meaning
having lived for a specified number of years; old
Example
The aged man sat in the park, watching the children play.
C1 adjective /əˈpriː.ʃə.bəl/

Appreciable

Meaning
noticeable; significant; considerable in amount
Example
There was an appreciable improvement in his test scores.
B2 noun /ˈɑːrm.pɪt/

Armpit

Meaning
the hollow area under the arm where it joins the shoulder
Example
He applied deodorant to his armpit.
A1 conjunction /ænd/

and

Meaning
Used to connect words or sentences that are to be taken jointly.
Example
She bought apples and oranges.
B1 adverb /əˈlaʊd/

Aloud

Meaning
in a voice that can be heard; not silently
Example
Please read the instructions aloud so everyone can hear.
C2 noun /ˌɔːltərˈkeɪʃən/

altercation

Meaning
a noisy argument or quarrel
Example
There was a brief altercation between the two drivers.
C2 noun /ˌædʒʊˈreɪʃən/

adjuration

Meaning
a solemn urging or appeal
Example
The priest made an adjuration for peace and unity.
C2 adjective/adverb /ˌæ.prəˈpoʊ/

apropos

Meaning
Appropriate to the situation; relevant. As an adverb, it means 'with reference to' or 'regarding'.
Example
His comments were not apropos of the discussion.
B2 noun /əˈkɔːrdəns/

accordance

Meaning
agreement or harmony with something; compliance with rules, laws, or wishes
Example
The policy was implemented in accordance with international law.
C1 verb /əˈtjuːn/

attune

Meaning
to make someone or something aware of or responsive to something; to adjust or harmonize
Example
She quickly attuned herself to the needs of her new team.
B2 adjective /əˈpærənt/

apparent

Meaning
Clearly visible or understood; obvious.
Example
It soon became apparent that he was not telling the truth.
C1 noun /ˈænərkɪst/

anarchist

Meaning
a person who believes in or promotes the absence of government or authority
Example
The anarchist group protested against state control.
B2 noun əˌpriː.ʃiˈeɪ.ʃən

appreciation

Meaning
An increase in the value of an asset over time.
Example
Real estate properties often experience appreciation over time.
B1 adjective /ˈæktʃuəl/

actual

Meaning
real and existing, not just imagined or supposed
Example
The actual cost was higher than expected.
C2 noun /ˈɛəri/

aerie

Meaning
A large nest of a bird of prey, especially an eagle, typically built high in a tree or on a cliff.
Example
The eagle built its aerie on the high cliff.
C2 adjective /əˈskjuː/

askew

Meaning
Not in a straight or level position; crooked or tilted.
Example
The picture on the wall hung slightly askew.
C2 noun /ˈæpəˌθɛm/

apothegm

Meaning
A short, witty, and instructive saying or maxim.
Example
His speech was filled with apothegms about life and success.
B2 adjective /əˈkuːstɪk/

acoustic

Meaning
relating to sound or the sense of hearing; not amplified by electrical means
Example
We recorded an acoustic version of the song in a quiet room.
C1 adjective /ɔːˈdeɪ.ʃəs/

Audacious

Meaning
showing willingness to take bold risks; daring
Example
His audacious plan to climb the mountain without proper equipment shocked everyone.
B2 noun/verb /ɔːˈdɪʃən/

audition

Meaning
A trial performance by an actor, singer, or musician to demonstrate suitability for a role.
Example
She auditioned for the lead role in the school play.
C2 noun /ˈeɪ.pi.ə.rɪst/

apiarist

Meaning
a person who keeps and tends bees for honey production
Example
The apiarist collected fresh honey from the hives.
C1 verb /əˈlʊər/

allure

Meaning
to attract or tempt someone with something desirable; to entice
Example
The beautiful garden allured visitors from far away.
B2 adjective /ˈædɪkwət/

adequate

Meaning
sufficient or acceptable in quality or quantity
Example
The food was adequate for the small group.
C2 noun /æmˈbroʊʒə/

ambrosia

Meaning
The food of the gods in classical mythology; something extremely pleasing to taste or smell.
Example
The dessert was so delicious that it tasted like ambrosia.
B2 noun /ˈæsɪd/

acid

Meaning
a chemical substance that reacts with bases and has a sour taste
Example
Lemons contain citric acid.
B2 verb /əˈkɒmədeɪt/

accommodate

Meaning
To provide lodging, space, or meet the needs of someone.
Example
The hotel can accommodate up to 200 guests.
C1 noun /əˈrɪəz/

arrears

Meaning
Money that is owed and should have been paid earlier.
Example
She was months in arrears with her electricity bill.
C2 noun /əbˈhɒrəns/

abhorrence

Meaning
a feeling of strong disgust or hatred
Example
He expressed his abhorrence of racial discrimination.
C2 adjective /ˌæntɪˈmʌndeɪn/

antemundane

Meaning
Existing or occurring before the creation of the world.
Example
Some myths speak of an antemundane chaos before order was established.
A2 adverb /əˈhɛd/

ahead

Meaning
in front; in advance; before someone or something in position or progress
Example
She walked ahead of the group.
B1 noun /əˌkɒməˈdeɪʃən/

Accommodation

Meaning
a room, group of rooms, or building in which someone may live or stay
Example
The hotel provides comfortable accommodation for tourists.
C1 noun /ˌɑːrbɪˈtreɪʃən/

arbitration

Meaning
the process of resolving a dispute through an impartial third party whose decision is binding; formal judgment outside a court
Example
The contract requires arbitration to settle any disputes.
C1 noun /ˈæbsɛs/

abscess

Meaning
A swollen area within body tissue containing pus, usually caused by infection.
Example
The dentist treated the abscess in his tooth.
C1 noun /əˈtaɪər/

attire

Meaning
Clothing, especially formal or elegant wear.
Example
She wore traditional attire at the wedding ceremony.
C2 adjective /ˌænθrəpəˈmɔːrfɪk/

anthropomorphic

Meaning
attributing human characteristics to non-human things, like animals or objects
Example
The cartoon shows an anthropomorphic cat walking on two legs.
C1 noun /ˈɑː.kɪ.taɪp/

archetype

Meaning
A very typical example of a certain person or thing; an original model or prototype.
Example
This painting is the archetype of modern art.
C1 noun /ˈeɪ.nəs/

Anus

Meaning
the opening at the end of the digestive tract through which waste leaves the body
Example
The doctor examined the patient's anus during the medical checkup.
B2 adjective /əˈdʒʌstəbəl/

Adjustable

Meaning
নিয়মযোগ্য; পরিবর্তন-সাধ্য; সমন্বয়যোগ্য;
Example
This chair has an adjustable height feature.
C2 noun /ˈɔːldərmən/

alderman

Meaning
An elected member of a municipal council in certain cities and towns.
Example
The alderman proposed a new plan for community parks.
B2 verb/adjective /ɑːrˈtɪkjʊlət/

articulate

Meaning
to express thoughts or ideas clearly; having the ability to speak fluently and clearly
Example
She was able to articulate her ideas during the meeting.
B1 verb /əˈtɛmpt/

attempt

Meaning
to make an effort to achieve or complete something difficult
Example
He attempted to climb the mountain despite the bad weather.
C2 noun /əˈfleɪtəs/

afflatus

Meaning
a sudden divine inspiration or creative impulse
Example
The poet wrote the verses under a sudden afflatus of inspiration.
C2 noun /əˈkjuːtnəs/

acuteness

Meaning
sharpness of mind or senses; severity or intensity of a condition
Example
Her acuteness allowed her to notice details others missed.
C2 adjective /ˈæpəˌleɪt/

appellate

Meaning
relating to appeals in a court of law
Example
The case was taken to an appellate court.
B2 adjective /ˌæksɪˈdɛntl/

accidental

Meaning
happening by chance, unintentionally
Example
The fire was caused by an accidental spark.
A2 verb /ˈædɪd/

added

Meaning
to join something to something else to increase its size, number, or amount
Example
She added sugar to her coffee.
C1 adjective /ˈæntɪkweɪtɪd/

antiquated

Meaning
Old-fashioned or outdated.
Example
The office still uses an antiquated filing system.
C1 noun ˌɔːɡ.menˈteɪ.ʃən

augmentation

Meaning
Increasing quantity, power or performance.
Example
The company invested in the augmentation of its workforce.
B1 verb /əˈsuːm/

assume

Meaning
to think that something is true without proof
Example
I assume he will be late to the meeting.
A2 noun /ˈeər kənˈdɪʃ.ən.ər/

Air conditioner

Meaning
a system that controls the temperature, humidity, and air quality in a building or room
Example
We turned on the air conditioner because it was too hot outside.
B2 verb əˈlaɪn.ɪŋ

aligning

Meaning
Placing or arranging things in a straight line or in correct relative positions.
Example
Aligning education with global standards is vital.
C1 adjective /ˌæntiˈneɪtl/

antenatal

Meaning
Relating to the medical care and treatment given to a pregnant woman before the birth of her child.
Example
She attended regular antenatal checkups throughout her pregnancy.
B2 verb /ˈæləkeɪt/

allocate

Meaning
to distribute or assign resources, duties, or responsibilities for a specific purpose
Example
The manager allocated funds for the new project.
C1 noun /ˈækəleɪd/

accolade

Meaning
An award, honor, or expression of praise.
Example
She received an accolade for her outstanding performance.
C2 noun /ˈæbɪs/

abbess

Meaning
the woman in charge of a convent of nuns
Example
The abbess welcomed the visitors to the convent.
A1 adjective /əˈfreɪd/

afraid

Meaning
feeling fear or anxiety; worried that something undesirable will happen
Example
She was afraid of the dark.
C2 noun /ˌɛərəˈstætɪks/

aerostatics

Meaning
The branch of physics that deals with the equilibrium of air and gases and the forces acting on bodies in them.
Example
Aerostatics is essential for understanding how balloons float.
B2 noun ˈæp.ə.taɪt

appetite

Meaning
A natural desire to satisfy a bodily need, especially for food.
Example
Junk food increases appetite unnaturally.
B1 verb /əˈsoʊsiˌeɪt/

associate

Meaning
to connect or link things together; to spend time with someone
Example
I associate this song with summer.
C1 noun /əˌlɪtəˈreɪʃən/

alliteration

Meaning
the occurrence of the same consonant sound at the beginning of words in close succession
Example
She used alliteration in her poem to add musicality.
C2 verb /ˈɔːltərˌkeɪt/

altercate

Meaning
to argue or dispute angrily or noisily
Example
The neighbors began to altercate over the boundary wall.
C2 adjective /əˈbɔːrtɪv/

abortive

Meaning
Failing to produce the intended result; unsuccessful.
Example
Their abortive attempt to climb the mountain ended in retreat.
C1 noun /ˈælɪbaɪ/

alibi

Meaning
A claim or piece of evidence that one was elsewhere when an act, typically a crime, was committed.
Example
She had a strong alibi that proved she was at the cinema during the theft.
C2 adjective /ˈæʒər/

azure

Meaning
A bright blue color like that of a clear sky.
Example
The clear sky was painted in a deep shade of azure.
B2 adverb /ˈæktɪvli/

actively

Meaning
in a way that involves energetic participation or effort
Example
He is actively involved in community service.