chief
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B1 noun /tʃiːf/

chief

首领
Meaning
a leader or person in charge of a group or organization
Example
The chief of the village made an important decision.
村庄的首领做出了一个重要的决定。
C1 noun /kənˈspɪrə.tər/

conspirator

阴谋者
Meaning
a person who secretly plans with others to do something unlawful or harmful
Example
The conspirator was arrested before the plan could be carried out.
阴谋者在计划得以实施之前被捕。
B1 adjective ˈkruː.ʃəl

crucial

至关重要
Meaning
Decisive or critical, especially in the success or failure of something.
Example
Fault-tolerance is crucial for reliability.
容错性对可靠性至关重要。
C1 noun ˌkʌl.mɪˈneɪ.ʃən

culmination

高潮. 某事物的最高点，特别是经历了长时间后。
Meaning
The highest or climactic point of something, especially as attained after a long time.
Example
The project reached its culmination after years of effort.
项目在多年努力后达到了高潮。
C1 noun /ˈkaʊərdɪs/

cowardice

懦弱
Meaning
lack of courage; behavior showing fear
Example
His cowardice prevented him from speaking up.
他的懦弱让他无法发言。
C2 noun /ˈkærəm/

Carom

孜然
Meaning
aromatic seeds of a plant used as a spice, especially in Indian cooking
Example
Carom seeds are often used in traditional Indian bread recipes.
孜然种子经常用于传统的印度面包食谱中。
C1 noun /krəˈʃɛndoʊ/

crescendo

声音逐渐增强
Meaning
a gradual increase in loudness or intensity, especially in music
Example
The orchestra built to a powerful crescendo before the finale.
乐队在结尾前逐渐增强了强烈的高潮。
A2 adjective kɑːm

calm

平静
Meaning
Not showing or feeling nervousness, anger, or other strong emotions; peaceful.
Example
The calm environment supports healing.
安静的环境有助于康复。
B2 noun /ˈkaʊnsɪlər/

councilor

议员
Meaning
an elected member of a council, especially a local government body
Example
The councilor held a public meeting to discuss local issues.
议员召开了一个公共会议，讨论地方问题。
B2 verb /kənˈsiːd/

concede

Meaning
to admit something is true or valid, often reluctantly
Example
She finally conceded that she was wrong.
C1 adjective /koʊˈɪnsɪdənt/

coincident

同时
Meaning
Occurring at the same time; occupying the same position in space or time.
Example
The festival was coincident with the national holiday.
节日与国庆假日是同时发生的。
C2 adjective /ˈsɜː.kəm.spekt/

circumspect

谨慎, 小心, 审慎
Meaning
Wary and unwilling to take risks; careful to consider all circumstances and possible consequences.
Example
Investors must be circumspect before making decisions.
投资者在做出决策之前必须谨慎。
B2 noun /ˈkɒl.ər/

Collar

项圈
Meaning
a band of material around the neck; in jewelry context, a close-fitting necklace
Example
She wore an elegant pearl collar to the formal dinner.
她在正式晚宴上戴了一条优雅的珍珠项圈。
B1 noun /kəʊst/

Coast

海岸
Meaning
the part of the land near the sea; the edge of the land
Example
We drove along the coast to enjoy the view.
我们沿着海岸开车，享受美景。
B2 noun /ˈkɒk.roʊtʃ/

Cockroach

蟑螂
Meaning
a flat brown insect that is commonly found in kitchens and other warm places
Example
A cockroach ran across the kitchen floor quickly.
一只蟑螂迅速地跑过厨房的地板。
B1 noun /tʃɑːrt/

chart

图表
Meaning
a sheet of information in the form of a table, graph, or diagram
Example
The teacher used a chart to explain the statistics.
老师用图表来解释统计数据。
A2 verb /kənˈtɪnjuː/

continue

继续
Meaning
To keep happening, existing, or doing something without stopping.
Example
The rain will continue throughout the night.
雨水会持续整晚。
C1 noun /krʊk/

crook

骗子
Meaning
a dishonest person, especially a criminal
Example
The police finally caught the crook who had been stealing cars.
警方终于抓住了那个偷车的骗子。
C1 noun /kəˈmændər ɪn tʃiːf/

Commander-in-chief

最高指挥官
Meaning
the supreme leader of a nation's armed forces
Example
The president serves as the commander-in-chief of the military.
总统担任军队的最高指挥官。
C1 noun /ˈkælɪbər/

caliber

口径
Meaning
The quality of someone's ability or character; the internal diameter of a gun barrel.
Example
The university attracts students of high caliber.
这所大学吸引了高口径的学生。
B1 noun /ˈsɜːr.kəmˌsˌtæn.sɪz/

Circumstances

情况
Meaning
the conditions that affect a situation, action, or event; facts or conditions connected with or relevant to an event
Example
Under normal circumstances, she would have arrived by now.
在正常情况下，她应该已经到了。
C1 adjective /kəˈləʊ.kwi.əl/

colloquial

口语
Meaning
Used in ordinary conversation rather than formal speech or writing; informal language.
Example
His colloquial expressions made the speech relatable.
他的口语表达让演讲更加生动。
C1 noun /ˈtʃaɪ.nə.weər/

China-ware

瓷器
Meaning
dishes, plates, cups, and other tableware made of porcelain or fine ceramic
Example
The expensive china-ware was displayed in the cabinet.
昂贵的瓷器被展示在橱柜里。
C2 adjective /ˈklɔɪ.ɪŋ/

cloying

腻人的
Meaning
too sweet, rich, or sentimental, making it unpleasant
Example
The dessert was so cloying that I couldn't finish it.
甜点太腻人了，我吃不下去。
B2 adjective /ˈkʌnɪŋ/

cunning

狡猾
Meaning
Having or showing skill in achieving one's ends by deceit or evasion; cleverness in a tricky way.
Example
The cunning fox tricked the farmer.
狡猾的狐狸欺骗了农夫。
C1 noun/verb /kroʊˈʃeɪ/

crochet

Meaning
Needlework made by interlocking loops of thread with a hooked needle; the act of making such items.
Example
She learned how to crochet a scarf for winter.
C2 adjective /ˈkæp.ʃəs/

Captious

吹毛求疵的; 挑剔的
Meaning
tending to find fault or raise petty objections; fault-finding; critical
Example
His captious remarks about every small detail made the meeting very unpleasant.
他对每一个小细节的吹毛求疵使得会议变得非常不愉快。
C2 adjective /kəmˈbʌstɪbəl/

combustible

可燃的
Meaning
Capable of catching fire and burning easily.
Example
Dry leaves are highly combustible.
干叶子非常易燃。
B2 verb /kəmˈpraɪz/

comprise

由...组成
Meaning
To consist of or be made up of something.
Example
The committee comprises five members.
委员会由五个成员组成。
C2 noun ˌsaɪ.bəˈnet.ɪks

cybernetics

控制论
Meaning
The science of communications and automatic control systems in both machines and living things.
Example
Cybernetics plays a crucial role in artificial intelligence.
控制论在人工智能中起着至关重要的作用。
C2 noun /ˈkeɪ.tɪf/

caitiff

懦夫
Meaning
A contemptible or cowardly person.
Example
The knight despised the caitiff who betrayed his comrades.
骑士鄙视那个背叛同伴的懦夫。
C1 noun /ˈsɪ.nɪk/

Cynic

愤世嫉俗者; 怀疑主义者
Meaning
a person who believes that people are motivated purely by self-interest; someone who is skeptical about human nature
Example
The old cynic believed that politicians only cared about getting votes.
那个老愤世嫉俗者相信政治家只关心获得选票。
B2 noun /ˈkɔːtruːm/

courtroom

Meaning
a room in which legal cases are heard and decided by a judge
Example
The witness was called to testify in the courtroom.
C1 noun ˌkɒn.əˈteɪ.ʃən

connotation

隐含的或暗示的意义
Meaning
The implied or suggested meaning of a word beyond its literal definition
Example
The word 'home' has a warm connotation of comfort and family.
‘家’这个词有着温暖的含义，代表着舒适和家庭
C1 adjective /ˈkæl.əs/

Callous

冷酷的; 无情的; 残忍的
Meaning
showing or having an insensitive and cruel disregard for others; emotionally hardened
Example
He showed a callous disregard for others' feelings.
他表现出对他人感情的冷酷蔑视。
A1 adjective /tʃiːp/

Cheap

便宜; 低价
Meaning
low in price; costing little money
Example
This restaurant serves cheap but delicious food.
这家餐厅提供便宜但美味的食物。
C1 noun /ˈsɪtrɪk ˈæsɪd/

Citric Acid

柠檬酸
Meaning
a natural acid found in citrus fruits, used as a food preservative and flavoring agent
Example
Add a pinch of citric acid to preserve the color of the fruit jam.
加入一撮柠檬酸以保持果酱的颜色。
B1 noun /kriˈeɪ.ʃənz/

creations

创作
Meaning
Things that have been created, especially works of art or imaginative works.
Example
His creations astonished the world.
他的创造让世界惊叹不已。
A2 adjective /ˈtʃɪə.fəl/

Cheerful

愉快的; 乐观的; 充满喜悦
Meaning
happy and optimistic; full of joy and good spirits; bright and lively
Example
She has a cheerful personality that brightens everyone's day.
她有一个愉快的个性，照亮了每个人的日子。
A2 adjective /kəˈneɪdiən/

canadian

加拿大的
Meaning
Relating to Canada or its people.
Example
She enjoys Canadian culture and traditions.
她喜欢加拿大的文化和传统。
C2 noun /ˌkɒnsaɪˈniː/

consignee

收货人
Meaning
the person or company to whom goods are delivered
Example
The consignee received the shipment on time.
收货人按时收到了货物。
C2 noun /ˈkɒɡ.nɪ.zəns/

cognizance

认知
Meaning
Awareness, knowledge, or understanding of something; conscious perception.
Example
The judge took cognizance of the new evidence.
法官注意到新的证据。
B1 adverb /ˈkʌrəntli/

currently

目前
Meaning
at the present time; now
Example
He is currently working on a new project.
他目前正在做一个新项目。
B2 verb /ˈkæt.ɪ.ɡə.raɪzd/

categorized

分类
Meaning
Placed in a particular class or group.
Example
The city was categorized as highly polluted.
这个城市被归类为高度污染。
C1 noun /ˈkjuːmɪn/

Cumin

孜然
Meaning
A spice made from the dried seeds of a plant in the parsley family, with a warm earthy flavor
Example
Cumin is an essential spice in Indian and Middle Eastern cooking.
孜然是印度和中东烹饪中的一种基本香料。
C1 adjective /ˌkɒndɪˈsɛndɪŋ/

condescending

居高临下
Meaning
having or showing an attitude of patronizing superiority
Example
Her condescending tone upset her colleagues.
她居高临下的语气让她的同事感到不满。
C1 noun /ˈkʌvənənt/

covenant

契约
Meaning
a formal agreement or promise, often legally binding
Example
The landlord and tenant signed a covenant to maintain the property.
房东和租户签署了一份契约，以保持财产。
A2 noun /ˈsɪɡəˌrɛt/

cigarette

香烟
Meaning
a small roll of finely cut tobacco wrapped in paper for smoking
Example
He lit a cigarette after dinner.
他在晚餐后点燃了一支香烟。
C1 noun /ˌkɒrəˈneɪʃən/

coronation

加冕礼
Meaning
the act or ceremony of crowning a sovereign or monarch
Example
The coronation of the new king was attended by thousands of people.
新国王的加冕礼有成千上万的人参加。
B2 noun /kɒk/

Cock

公鸡
Meaning
an adult male chicken
Example
The cock crowed loudly at dawn to wake everyone up.
公鸡在黎明时分大声啼叫，唤醒了所有人。
B2 noun /ˌklæsɪfɪˈkeɪʃən/

classification

分类
Meaning
the action or process of classifying something into groups based on shared characteristics.
Example
The classification of animals helps in understanding their biology.
动物的分类有助于理解它们的生物学。
B2 noun /kəˈrɪkjələm/

curriculum

课程
Meaning
The subjects comprising a course of study in a school, college, or university.
Example
The school updated its curriculum to include more digital literacy courses.
学校更新了其课程，增加了更多的数字素养课程。
B2 noun /kwɪˈziːn/

cuisine

美食
Meaning
A style or method of cooking, especially characteristic of a particular country or region.
Example
Italian cuisine is famous all over the world.
意大利美食在全世界都很有名。
A2 noun /kəˈlek.ʃən/

Collection

收藏；合集；档案
Meaning
a group of objects gathered together; the action or process of collecting
Example
She has an impressive collection of vintage books in her library.
她在她的图书馆里有一部令人印象深刻的古籍收藏。
C1 adjective /kəˈθɑːr.tɪk/

cathartic

宣泄的
Meaning
Providing psychological relief through the open expression of strong emotions.
Example
Writing about emotions can be a cathartic experience.
写下情感可能是一次宣泄的体验。
C1 adjective kəʊˈhiː.sɪv

cohesive

凝聚力强
Meaning
Characterized by or causing cohesion; forming a united whole.
Example
The team displayed a cohesive strategy.
团队展示了一个凝聚力强的战略。
B1 noun /ˈkɒkˌteɪl/

cocktail

鸡尾酒
Meaning
a mixed drink typically containing alcohol and other ingredients.
Example
She ordered a cocktail at the bar.
她在酒吧点了一杯鸡尾酒。
B1 verb /kəˈmɪt/

commit

Meaning
To carry out or perpetrate an act; to pledge or bind to a course of action.
Example
He committed a serious mistake in the report.
B2 noun ˈkɔːrəl ˈriːfs

Coral Reefs

珊瑚礁
Meaning
Underwater structures made from calcium carbonate secreted by corals, forming diverse marine ecosystems.
Example
Saint Martin's Island is known for its coral reefs.
圣马丁岛以其珊瑚礁而闻名。
B1 noun /ˈkɜːr.ənt/

Current

水流
Meaning
a body of water or air moving in a definite direction; present time
Example
The river current was too strong for swimming.
河流的水流太强，无法游泳。
B2 adjective /kənˈdɪʃ.ən.əl/

Conditional

有条件的; 依赖于条件
Meaning
dependent on certain conditions; not absolute
Example
The job offer is conditional upon passing the background check.
工作机会取决于通过背景调查。
B1 noun /kənˈviː.ni.əns/

Convenience

便利
Meaning
the state of being able to proceed with something without difficulty; a thing that contributes to an easy way of life
Example
The convenience of online shopping has changed how people buy products.
在线购物的便利改变了人们购买产品的方式。
B1 noun /klɑːrk/

clerk

职员
Meaning
A person employed in an office or bank to keep records, accounts, and undertake other routine administrative duties.
Example
The clerk helped me find the correct form.
职员帮助我找到了正确的表格。
B2 adjective ˈkʌtɪŋ ˌɛdʒ

cutting-edge

前沿, 创新, 尖端技术
Meaning
The most advanced or innovative; at the forefront of development.
Example
This company develops cutting-edge technology.
这家公司开发尖端技术。
C2 adjective /ˈsɪlieɪtɪd/

ciliated

带有纤毛的
Meaning
Having minute hairlike projections (cilia) on the surface of cells or organisms.
Example
The ciliated cells in the respiratory tract help move mucus out of the lungs.
呼吸道中的纤毛细胞帮助将粘液排出肺部。
B1 noun /kəˈrɛkʃən/

correction

修正
Meaning
the action or process of correcting something
Example
The teacher made a correction to the student's essay.
老师对学生的文章进行了修正。
B2 verb /kənˈsɒl.ɪ.deɪt/

consolidate

合并
Meaning
To combine things in order to make them more effective or easier to handle.
Example
The company aims to consolidate its market position.
公司旨在巩固其市场地位。
C1 noun /ˈkɔːrdən/

cordon

警戒线
Meaning
a line or circle of police, soldiers, or guards preventing access
Example
The police set up a cordon around the crime scene.
警方在犯罪现场周围设立了封锁线。
B1 verb, noun /klɪp/

clip

Meaning
to cut or trim something; a short extract from a film, broadcast, or recording
Example
She clipped the coupon from the newspaper.
B2 noun kəmˈpet.ɪ.tɪv.nəs

competitiveness

竞争力
Meaning
The quality of being as good as or better than others of a comparable nature; the ability to compete successfully.
Example
Competitiveness is vital for economic sustainability.
竞争力对经济可持续性至关重要。
C1 noun /ˈkriː.dəns/

credence

可信度, 信任
Meaning
belief in or acceptance of something as true
Example
The witness gave credence to the defendant's alibi.
证人给予被告的不在场证明可信度。
C1 verb /kəˈpɪtjʊˌleɪt/

capitulate

投降
Meaning
to surrender or give in after resisting
Example
The army had no choice but to capitulate to the enemy.
军队别无选择，只能投降于敌人。
C1 noun /kənˈkʌrəns/

concurrence

一致
Meaning
Agreement or union in action, opinion, or occurrence; simultaneous happening of events.
Example
The project was completed with the concurrence of all departments.
这个项目是在所有部门的共识下完成的。
C1 noun /ˈkaʊntərˌpɔɪnt/

counterpoint

对比点
Meaning
an argument, idea, or theme contrasting with another; also a musical term for independent melody
Example
Her calm attitude was a counterpoint to his anger.
她的平静态度是他愤怒的对比点。
B2 adjective /ˈkɒmp(ə)rəbl/

comparable

可比的
Meaning
Able to be likened to something else in size, amount, or quality.
Example
The two products are comparable in quality but differ in price.
这两种产品在质量上可比，但价格不同。
C1 noun /ˈsɪn.ɪˌsɪz.əm/

cynicism

愤世嫉俗
Meaning
An inclination to believe that people are motivated purely by self-interest; skepticism.
Example
His cynicism made it hard for him to trust anyone.
他的愤世嫉俗让他很难相信任何人。
C1 noun /kəˈmɪtl̩/

committal

监禁 / 扣押
Meaning
The action of sending a person to prison or a mental hospital; also the act of committing something to a particular place.
Example
The judge ordered the committal of the accused to custody.
法官命令将被告送入拘留。
B1 noun /ˈkrɪtɪˌsɪzəm/

criticism

批评
Meaning
The expression of disapproval or judgment of the merits of something
Example
The new policy has faced a lot of criticism from the public.
新政策面临来自公众的批评。
B1 adverb /ˈkɒmənli/

commonly

通常
Meaning
usually or by most people
Example
This phrase is commonly used in everyday speech.
这个短语通常在日常语言中使用。
A2 noun /kənˌɡrætʃ.əˈleɪ.ʃənz/

Congratulations

祝贺
Meaning
words expressing praise for an achievement or good wishes on a special occasion
Example
Congratulations on your promotion! You really deserved this success.
恭喜晋升！你真的值得这次成功。
C1 adjective /ˈkrɪm.zən/

Crimson

深红色
Meaning
a deep purplish-red color
Example
The crimson sunset painted the sky with beautiful shades.
深红色的日落将天空涂抹上美丽的色调。
B2 noun /kəˈrʌp.ʃən/

Corruption

腐败
Meaning
dishonest or fraudulent conduct by those in power; the process of decay or decomposition
Example
The government launched a campaign to fight corruption in public offices.
政府发起了一个打击公共办公室腐败的运动。
A2 verb kriˈeɪt

create

创造
Meaning
To bring something into existence; to make or produce something new.
Example
Unmanaged growth can create complex challenges.
未经管理的增长可能创造复杂的挑战。
C1 verb /ˈkʌn.dʒər/

conjure

召唤
Meaning
to summon something as if by magic; to imagine vividly
Example
The magician conjured a rabbit out of the hat.
魔术师从帽子里召唤出了一只兔子。
C2 noun /ˌkælɪsˈθɛnɪks/

calisthenics

体重训练
Meaning
exercises that use body weight for strength and flexibility
Example
She practices calisthenics every morning in the park.
她每天早晨在公园里做自体重训练。
A2 noun /ˈklɑːsmeɪt/

classmate

同学
Meaning
a person who is in the same class or course of study as another
Example
I met one of my old classmates at the university event.
我在大学活动中遇到了一位老同学。
B2 verb /koʊp/

cope

应对
Meaning
to deal effectively with something difficult
Example
She had to cope with a lot of pressure at work.
她不得不应对工作中的巨大压力。
C1 verb /tʃaɪd/

chide

斥责
Meaning
to scold or rebuke; to express disapproval
Example
The teacher chided the student for being late.
老师因为学生迟到而训斥了他。
C1 verb /ˈklæmbər/

clamber

吃力地爬
Meaning
to climb with effort or difficulty, often using both hands and feet
Example
The children clambered over the rocks to reach the cave.
孩子们费力地爬过岩石，到达了洞穴。
C1 noun /kənˈtɪn.ju.əns/

continuance

持续性
Meaning
the state of continuing or being prolonged; persistence
Example
The continuance of the project depended on securing additional funding.
项目的持续性依赖于确保额外的资金。
C1 adjective /ˈkoʊvərt/

covert

秘密
Meaning
hidden, secret, or not openly acknowledged
Example
The spy conducted a covert operation behind enemy lines.
间谍在敌人的线背后进行了一项秘密行动。
A2 noun /tʃeɪn/

chain

Meaning
a connected series of metal rings used for fastening or securing things; a series of connected events or businesses
Example
He wore a gold chain around his neck.
C1 noun /kəmˈpʌl.ʃən/

Compulsion

强迫; 强制;
Meaning
the action or state of forcing or being forced to do something; an irresistible urge to behave in a certain way
Example
He felt a strong compulsion to check his phone every few minutes.
他感到强烈的冲动，每隔几分钟就检查一次手机。
B1 noun /ˈsɛrəˌmoʊni/

ceremony

Meaning
A formal event or occasion, often with rituals and traditions.
Example
The graduation ceremony was held in the university hall.
C1 adjective /kənˈsɜːrtɪd/

concerted

协调的
Meaning
done with great effort, planned and performed together by multiple people
Example
The workers made a concerted effort to improve conditions.
工人们为改善条件做出了协调的努力。
C1 noun /ˌkɒnvəˈlɛsns/

convalescence

康复期
Meaning
the period of time spent recovering from an illness or medical treatment
Example
His convalescence lasted for almost two months after the accident.
事故后的康复期持续了近两个月。
C1 verb /kəmˈprɛs/

compress

压缩
Meaning
to press or squeeze something so that it becomes smaller
Example
The file was compressed to save storage space.
文件被压缩以节省存储空间。
B2 adjective /kənˈvɪnsɪŋ/

Convincing

令人信服的; 可信的; 有说服力的; 能使某人相信某事的
Meaning
believable; credible; persuasive; able to make someone believe something
Example
His convincing argument won over the entire jury.
他的有说服力的论点赢得了整个陪审团。
C1 adjective /ˌkævəˈlɪər/

cavalier

漫不经心
Meaning
showing a lack of proper concern; dismissive or offhand
Example
He had a cavalier attitude toward safety regulations.
他对安全规定有一种漫不经心的态度。
C2 noun /ʃəˈɡrɪn/

chagrin

懊悔
Meaning
Distress or embarrassment at having failed or been humiliated.
Example
She left the room in chagrin after forgetting her lines.
她在忘记台词后，带着懊悔离开了房间。
B2 noun /ˈsɜːrkɪt/

circuit

电路 / 电气通路
Meaning
A roughly circular line, route, or movement that starts and ends at the same place; also an electrical pathway.
Example
The runners completed the circuit around the park.
跑步者完成了环绕公园的电路。
B2 verb /ˌkɒn.trəˈdɪkt/

contradict

反驳
Meaning
to say or show the opposite of something that has been said or believed
Example
His actions contradict his words.
他的行为与他的言辞相矛盾。
B2 verb /ˌkɒmprɪˈhɛnd/

comprehend

理解
Meaning
to understand or grasp the meaning of something
Example
It is difficult to comprehend the scale of the disaster.
理解灾难的规模很困难。
B2 noun /ˈkæp.sɪ.kəm/

Capsicum

甜椒
Meaning
sweet pepper; bell pepper; colorful vegetable used in cooking
Example
Add red and green capsicum to make the dish colorful and nutritious.
加入红色和绿色的甜椒，使菜肴既色彩丰富又营养丰富。
C2 noun /ˈkɔːrpəskəl/

corpuscle

小颗粒或细胞，尤其是血细胞
Meaning
a small particle or cell, especially a blood cell
Example
Red corpuscles carry oxygen throughout the body.
红血球在体内运输氧气。
B2 verb, noun /ˈkɒntɛst/

contest

竞赛, 挑战
Meaning
verb: to compete or challenge; noun: a competition or dispute
Example
She decided to contest the election against the incumbent.
她决定挑战现任者的选举。
C2 noun /kæd/

Cad

坏蛋; 粗鲁
Meaning
a man who behaves dishonorably, especially toward women
Example
Everyone at the party avoided him because he was known to be a cad.
派对上的每个人都避开了他，因为他以一个坏蛋著称。
C1 noun sɜːrˈkeɪdiən ˈrɪðəm

circadian rhythm

生物钟
Meaning
The body's natural sleep-wake cycle that occurs within 24 hours
Example
Exposure to natural light regulates the circadian rhythm.
暴露在自然光下会调节生物钟。
C2 verb /kənˈtɛm/

contemn

轻视
Meaning
to treat or regard with disdain, scorn, or contempt
Example
He would never contemn honest work, no matter how humble.
他绝不会轻视诚实的工作，无论它多么卑微。
B2 noun/verb /kjuː/

cue

信号
Meaning
A signal or prompt for action; to give a signal.
Example
The actor waited for his cue before entering the stage.
演员在上台前等待他的信号。
C1 noun /kənˈfaɪnmənt/

confinement

拘禁
Meaning
the state of being confined or restricted
Example
The prisoner endured years of confinement.
囚犯忍受了多年的拘禁。
C2 verb /kənˈtjuːz/

contuse

撞伤
Meaning
to bruise by striking or hitting
Example
He contused his arm when he fell off the bike.
他从自行车上摔下来，手臂被撞伤。
C2 noun /kənˈtɔːrʃən/

contortion

扭曲或弯曲的形状; 从正常形状扭曲的行为
Meaning
a twisted or bent shape; the act of twisting out of the normal shape
Example
The gymnast's contortion amazed the audience.
体操运动员的扭曲动作令观众惊叹。
B1 verb /ˈkɒnsəntreɪt/

concentrate

集中
Meaning
to focus all one's attention or mental effort on a particular object or activity
Example
She tried to concentrate on her studies despite the noise.
尽管有噪音，她仍试图集中精力学习。
C2 noun /ˈkæʒuɪstri/

casuistry

诡辩术
Meaning
The use of clever but false reasoning, especially in relation to moral questions.
Example
The lawyer’s argument was dismissed as mere casuistry.
律师的辩论被作为单纯的诡辩术驳回了。
C1 noun/verb kənˈdʒɛk.tʃər

conjecture

推测
Meaning
An opinion or conclusion formed on the basis of incomplete information; to form an opinion or supposition about something.
Example
The scientist's conjecture was later proven true.
科学家的推测后来被证明是正确的。
A1 noun /tʃeər/

Chair

椅子
Meaning
a separate seat for one person, typically with a back and four legs
Example
Please sit on the chair.
请坐在椅子上。
C2 noun /ˈklærɪən/

Clarion

号角
Meaning
a shrill narrow-tubed war trumpet; a medieval trumpet with a clear piercing tone
Example
The clarion sounded across the battlefield to signal the charge.
号角在战场上响起，标志着进攻的信号。
B1 noun /ˈkɜː.ri/

Curry

咖喱
Meaning
a dish of meat, vegetables, etc., cooked in an Indian-style sauce with hot spices
Example
I love spicy chicken curry with rice.
我喜欢和米饭一起吃辛辣的鸡肉咖喱。
C1 noun /kənˈsɜːvəˌtɪzəm/

conservatism

保守主义
Meaning
A political or social philosophy promoting traditional institutions and resistance to change.
Example
Conservatism values tradition and gradual development.
保守主义重视传统和渐进的发展。
B2 noun kənˌtæm.ɪˈneɪ.ʃən

contamination

污染
Meaning
The process of making something less pure by exposure to or addition of a poisonous or polluting substance.
Example
Contamination of air leads to health issues.
空气污染导致健康问题。