C2 noun /ˌbæstərdaɪˈzeɪʃən/

bastardization

扭曲 / 退化

Meaning

the act of corrupting, degrading, or misrepresenting something

Example

Critics called the remake a bastardization of the original film.

评论家称重拍版是原电影的扭曲。

C2 noun /kɒɡˈnoʊmən/

cognomen

姓氏 / 绰号

Meaning

A family name or surname; an additional name or nickname.

Example

His cognomen became widely known in literary circles.

他的姓氏在文学界广为人知。

C2 verb /ˈvɪvɪfaɪ/

vivify

使生动

Meaning

to give life or energy to something; to animate or enliven

Example

The teacher’s enthusiasm helped vivify the boring lecture.

教师的热情帮助使乏味的讲座焕发了生机。

C2 adjective /dɪˈkrɛpɪt/

decrepit

破旧

Meaning

worn out or weakened by age or neglect

Example

The decrepit old house was on the verge of collapse.

那座破旧的老房子几乎要坍塌了。

C2 adjective /ˈɡæŋ.ɡli/

gangly

高瘦且笨拙

Meaning

Tall, thin, and awkward in movement or appearance.

Example

The gangly teenager stumbled while trying to dance.

那个笨拙的青少年在跳舞时跌倒了。

C2 noun /ɛmˈpɪrɪˌsɪzəm/

empiricism

经验主义

Meaning

the theory that all knowledge is derived from sense-experience

Example

Empiricism argues that knowledge comes from experience and observation.

经验主义认为，知识来自经验和观察。

C2 noun /ˈdʒæz.mɪn/

Jesmine

茉莉花

Meaning

a climbing shrub with fragrant white or yellow flowers

Example

The jasmine flowers filled the garden with their sweet fragrance.

茉莉花让花园充满了甜美的香气。

C2 noun /ˈfaɪnəri/

finery

昂贵或精致的衣服

Meaning

expensive or elaborate clothes, decorations, or accessories

Example

She attended the party in her finest finery.

她穿着最好的衣服参加了聚会。

C2 verb /məʊlt/

molt

脱羽

Meaning

To shed old feathers, skin, or hair to make way for new growth.

Example

Birds molt their feathers once a year.

鸟类每年会脱羽。

C2 noun /ˈbroʊmaɪd/

bromide

陈词滥调

Meaning

A trite or unoriginal idea or remark; also a chemical compound of bromine.

Example

His speech was full of old bromides about hard work.

他的演讲充满了关于努力工作的老生常谈。

C2 noun /sʌbˈɔːl.tən/

subaltern

处于下级职位的人；在军队中，初级军官

Meaning

A person holding a subordinate position; in the military, a junior officer.

Example

The subaltern was responsible for leading a small platoon of soldiers.

下级军官负责指挥一个小型士兵排。

C2 adjective /dɪˈfjuːzəbl/

diffusible

可扩散的

Meaning

able to spread or be spread through a medium

Example

Oxygen is diffusible through cell membranes.

氧气可以通过细胞膜扩散。

C2 verb /ˈɛmɪt/

emmet

蚂蚁

Meaning

an ant; a small insect

Example

The emmet carried food to its nest.

蚂蚁把食物带到了它的巢穴。

C2 adjective /lɪˈtɪdʒəs/

litigious

好诉讼的

Meaning

prone to engage in lawsuits or overly inclined to argue legally

Example

He is known as a litigious neighbor who often sues people.

他被认为是一个爱打官司的邻居，经常起诉别人。

C2 noun /ɪnˈtɛnʃən/

intension

内涵

Meaning

The internal content of a concept; the set of attributes implied by a word or phrase.

Example

The intension of the word 'dog' includes being a mammal and domesticated.

'狗'这个词的内涵包括是哺乳动物和被驯养。

C2 verb /ˌnɒnˈplʌs/

nonplus

使困惑

Meaning

To surprise and confuse someone so much that they are unsure how to react.

Example

The unexpected question seemed to nonplus the speaker.

这个意外的问题似乎让发言者感到困惑。

C2 verb /bɪˈɡaɪl/

beguile

迷住 / 通过欺骗来吸引

Meaning

to charm or enchant someone, often in a deceptive way

Example

She beguiled the audience with her storytelling.

她通过讲故事迷住了观众。

C2 noun /ˈhɔːtɪnəs/

haughtiness

傲慢

Meaning

The appearance or quality of being arrogantly superior and disdainful.

Example

His haughtiness made him unpopular among his peers.

他的傲慢使他在同事中不受欢迎。

C2 noun /ˌsuːpərɪnˈtɛndəns/

superintendence

监督

Meaning

the act of overseeing, supervising, or managing

Example

The superintendence of the school is the principal’s duty.

学校的监督是校长的责任。

C2 adjective /ˈdɛdˌpæn/

deadpan

面无表情

Meaning

Deliberately impassive or expressionless in manner.

Example

She delivered the joke in a completely deadpan voice.

她以完全面无表情的声音讲了笑话。

C2 verb /bɪˈteɪk/

betake

前往；转而从事

Meaning

to go or resort to a place or course of action, especially as a response; to apply oneself

Example

After dinner, she betook herself to her room to read.

晚饭后，她去自己的房间读书。

C2 adjective /ˈmiːliˌmaʊðd/

mealymouthed

含糊其辞

Meaning

not willing to speak directly and honestly; evasive in speech

Example

The politician gave a mealymouthed response to the tough question.

那位政治家对这个难题的回答含糊其辞。

C2 adjective /ɪkˈskɜːsɪv/

excursive

偏离主题的

Meaning

Tending to digress or wander; moving away from the main subject.

Example

His excursive lecture left the students confused about the main topic.

他的偏离主题的讲座让学生们对主要话题感到困惑。

C2 noun /kɒnˌtek.stʃu.ə.laɪˈzeɪ.ʃən/

contextualization

情境化

Meaning

The process of placing something in its proper context or setting to understand it better.

Example

Contextualization of historical events helps students understand them better.

历史事件的情境化帮助学生更好地理解它们。

C2 noun /ˈneɪˌseɪ.ɪŋ/

naysaying

负面言论

Meaning

The act of expressing negative or pessimistic views.

Example

His constant naysaying discouraged the team.

他不断的负面言论使团队失去了动力。

C2 adjective /ˈrɪbɔːld/

ribald

猥亵笑话

Meaning

Referring to sexual matters in a humorous or vulgar way.

Example

The comedian’s ribald jokes made the audience laugh uncomfortably.

喜剧演员的猥亵笑话让观众不自在地笑了。

C2 verb /ˈæktʃueɪt/

actuate

激活

Meaning

to put into action or motion; to motivate or activate

Example

The engineer actuated the machine with a simple switch.

工程师通过一个简单的开关激活了机器。

C2 noun /ˈseɪpiəns/

sapience

智慧

Meaning

Wisdom or intelligence.

Example

Her sapience in solving problems earned her the respect of her colleagues.

她在解决问题上的智慧赢得了同事们的尊重。

C2 verb /ruː/

rue

后悔

Meaning

To feel regret or sorrow about something.

Example

She will rue the day she trusted him.

她将会后悔她信任他那一天。

C2 adjective ˈtɛnsaɪl

tensile

可伸缩的

Meaning

Relating to tension; capable of being stretched.

Example

The tensile strength of the material is crucial for the construction project.

材料的抗拉强度对建筑项目至关重要。

C2 verb /ˈɡæmbəl/

gambol

开心地跳跃

Meaning

to run or jump about playfully

Example

The lambs gamboled in the field under the sun.

小羊在阳光下在田野里欢快地跳跃。

C2 verb /dɪsˈteɪn/

distain

鄙视

Meaning

to treat with scorn or contempt (archaic form of disdain)

Example

He would never distain those who had less fortune than him.

他从未鄙视那些比他更不幸运的人。

C2 adjective /ˌdɛlɪˈkwɛsənt/

deliquescent

由于吸湿而变成液体

Meaning

tending to become liquid by absorbing moisture from the air

Example

Sugar is not deliquescent, but salt can be.

糖不是黴變的，但鹽可以。

C2 noun /ˈsɪŋ.krə.ni/

synchrony

同步性

Meaning

Coordination in time, harmony in action or movement.

Example

Their dance performance showed perfect synchrony.

他们的舞蹈表演展示了完美的同步性。

C2 noun /ˈtʃæt.əl/

chattel

动产 / 个人财产

Meaning

a personal possession; historically, movable property including slaves

Example

In the past, slaves were considered the chattel of their owners.

在过去，奴隶被视为他们主人的动产。

C2 noun /kəˌmɒd.ɪ.fɪˈkeɪ.ʃən/

commodification

商品化

Meaning

The transformation of goods, services, ideas, or social relations into market commodities.

Example

The commodification of education has increased tuition costs.

教育的商品化提高了学费。

C2 noun /ˈsɪlədʒɪzəm/

syllogism

三段论

Meaning

A form of reasoning in which a conclusion is drawn from two given or assumed premises.

Example

The philosopher explained the concept of syllogism using simple examples.

哲学家用简单的例子解释了三段论的概念。

C2 adjective /ˌluː.mɪˈnɛs.ənt/

luminescent

发光的

Meaning

Emitting light without heat, glowing softly.

Example

The luminescent watch dial was visible in the dark.

这只发光的手表表盘在黑暗中可见。

C2 noun /ˈsɛnʃəns/

sentience

感知能力

Meaning

The capacity to feel, perceive, or experience subjectively.

Example

Many argue that animals possess sentience.

许多人认为动物具有感知能力。

C2 adjective /ˌæl.ɪˈmen.tər.i/

alimentary

与消化相关

Meaning

relating to nourishment or the organs of digestion

Example

The doctor explained the role of the alimentary canal in digestion.

医生解释了消化道在消化过程中的作用。

C2 noun /ˈpraɪəri/

priory

修道院

Meaning

a small monastery or convent governed by a prior or prioress

Example

The old priory was converted into a museum.

那个古老的修道院被改造成了博物馆。

C2 adjective /daɪˈdæktɪk/

didactic

教学的

Meaning

Intended to teach, often with a moral lesson.

Example

The novel is not just entertaining but also didactic in nature.

这本小说不仅仅是娱乐性，还有教学性质。

C2 adjective, noun /pləˈbiːən/

plebian

普通的，平民的

Meaning

alternate spelling of 'plebeian'; common or ordinary

Example

His tastes were rather plebian, favoring simple food and clothes.

他的口味相当普通，喜欢简单的食物和衣服。

C2 noun/verb /ˈlɛv.ən/

leaven

酵母

Meaning

a substance, typically yeast, that causes dough to rise; to permeate and modify

Example

A little yeast will leaven the bread dough.

一点酵母会让面团发酵。

C2 noun /ˌɪnkənˈɡruːəti/

incongruity

不一致

Meaning

The state of being inconsistent or out of place.

Example

The incongruity of his cheerful mood during the funeral shocked everyone.

在葬礼上，他愉快的心情与情境的不一致让所有人都震惊了。

C2 verb /kənˈvɑːlv/

convolve

一起缠绕或扭曲;缠绕或交织

Meaning

to roll or twist together; to coil or entwine

Example

The vines convolve around the tree trunk.

藤蔓缠绕在树干周围。

C2 adjective fəˈleɪ.ʃəs

fallacious

虚假的

Meaning

Based on false reasoning or misleading arguments.

Example

His argument was based on fallacious reasoning.

他的论点是基于虚假的推理。

C2 verb /ˈpɛtɪˌfɒɡ/

pettifog

争论琐碎的事情

Meaning

to argue or quibble over trivial matters; to engage in petty, dishonest practices

Example

The lawyer was accused of trying to pettifog instead of addressing the real issue.

律师被指控试图争论琐碎的事情，而不是解决真正的问题。

C2 adjective /ˌtɔːtəˈlɒdʒɪkəl/

tautological

冗余的

Meaning

expressing something by repeating the same idea in different words; redundant

Example

Saying 'free gift' is considered tautological.

说'免费礼物'被认为是冗余的。

C2 noun/verb /ɡraʊs/

grouse

抱怨 / 一种鸟

Meaning

A type of bird; or to complain or grumble persistently.

Example

He always grouses about the long hours at work.

他总是抱怨工作时长。

C2 noun /ˈklaɪmɪŋ fɪʃ/

Climbing-fish

爬树鱼

Meaning

a type of fish that can climb trees and survive out of water for short periods

Example

The climbing-fish can move from one pond to another by climbing trees.

爬树鱼可以通过爬树从一个池塘移动到另一个池塘。

Meaning

To stand or wait around idly without apparent purpose.

Example

The teenagers were told not to loiter outside the shop.

C2 noun /dɪˈpɔːrtmənt/

deportment

举止

Meaning

A person's behavior or manners, especially in a formal situation.

Example

Her deportment during the ceremony impressed everyone.

她在仪式中的举止给大家留下了深刻印象。

C2 noun /ˈæntiˌkraɪst/

antichrist

敌基督

Meaning

A person regarded as the supreme opponent of Christ, often seen as a figure of ultimate evil.

Example

Some people fear the rise of an Antichrist in the future.

有些人害怕未来出现敌基督。

C2 noun /ˈdɛvɪlri/

devilry

恶作剧

Meaning

Wicked or cruel behavior; mischievous actions.

Example

The children were full of devilry on Halloween night.

万圣节那天，孩子们充满了恶作剧。

C2 noun /ˈɒnwiː/ or /ˈɑːnwiː/

ennui

倦怠

Meaning

A feeling of boredom, listlessness, or dissatisfaction arising from lack of excitement.

Example

After weeks of doing nothing, he sank into a deep sense of ennui.

在没有做任何事情的几周后，他陷入了深深的倦怠。

C2 adjective /ˈtræktəbəl/

tractable

容易控制或影响

Meaning

easy to control or influence

Example

The child was surprisingly tractable during the long journey.

那个孩子在漫长的旅程中出奇的容易控制。

C2 noun /ˈsʌfrədʒɪst/

suffragist

妇女参政权运动者

Meaning

a person advocating the extension of suffrage, especially to women

Example

The suffragists organized rallies to demand voting rights for women.

妇女参政权运动者组织了集会，要求为女性争取投票权。

C2 noun /ˌpæliˈeɪʃən/

palliation

缓解

Meaning

relief of symptoms without curing the underlying disease or problem

Example

Palliation is often the focus of care for terminally ill patients.

缓解通常是末期患者护理的主要重点。

C2 verb /dɪˈmɜːr/

demur

反对

Meaning

to raise doubts, objections, or show reluctance

Example

She agreed to help without demur.

她同意在没有异议的情况下提供帮助。

C2 noun /ˈslæt.ən/

slattern

邋遢的女人

Meaning

a woman who is untidy or slovenly in appearance or habits

Example

The house looked as if a slattern lived there.

这所房子看起来像是一个邋遢的女人住在那里。

C2 verb /əbˈvɜːrt/

obvert

反转

Meaning

To turn something so as to face in a different direction; in logic, to convert a proposition by negating both subject and predicate.

Example

The teacher asked the students to obvert the statement for practice.

老师要求学生练习将声明进行奥贝特。

C2 noun /læŋ'ɡʊər/

Langoor

长尾猴

Meaning

a long-tailed monkey found in Asia, especially India and Southeast Asia

Example

The langoor was sitting on the tree branch eating fruits.

那只长尾猴正坐在树枝上吃水果。

C2 adjective /ɪˈrɛzəluːt/

irresolute

优柔寡断

Meaning

uncertain or indecisive; lacking determination

Example

He stood irresolute at the crossroads, unsure which path to take.

他在十字路口犹豫不决，不知道走哪条路。

C2 noun /ˈwɪtɪˌsɪzəm/

witticism

机智的评论 / 笑话

Meaning

a clever or funny remark

Example

Her witticism made everyone laugh during the meeting.

她的机智评论让所有人都在会议期间笑了。

C2 adjective /pruːˈdɛnʃəl/

prudential

审慎的

Meaning

involving or showing prudence, especially in financial or business matters

Example

The bank has set prudential rules to protect depositors.

银行制定了审慎的规则以保护存款人。

C2 noun/adjective /ˈsaɪklɔɪd/

cycloid

摆线

Meaning

a curve traced by a point on the rim of a circle as it rolls along a straight line

Example

The cycloid is often studied in mathematics and physics.

摆线常在数学和物理学中研究。

C2 verb /ʃʌk/

shuck

剥壳

Meaning

To remove the outer covering, such as the husk of corn or shell of shellfish.

Example

She learned how to shuck oysters quickly.

她学会了如何快速打开牡蛎。

C2 noun /ˌdɪʃəˈbiːl/

dishabille

衣着不整

Meaning

The state of being only partly or loosely dressed; casual or careless attire.

Example

She answered the door in a state of dishabille, wearing just a robe.

她穿着睡袍以一种衣着不整的状态开了门。

C2 noun /ˈbʌɡəˌbuː/

bugaboo

鬼怪 / 恐惧

Meaning

An object of fear or worry; an imagined cause of anxiety.

Example

The threat of inflation became a political bugaboo.

通货膨胀的威胁变成了一个政治上的恐惧。

C2 adjective /ˌdaɪəˈkrɪtɪkəl/

diacritical

变音符号

Meaning

Relating to a mark added to a letter to indicate a different pronunciation or stress.

Example

The word résumé has diacritical marks that change its meaning from resume.

‘简历’一词有变音符号，它改变了‘简历’的意思。

C2 noun /ˌaɪ.diˈeɪ.ʃən/

ideation

构思过程

Meaning

The process of forming and developing new ideas or concepts through creative thinking and brainstorming.

Example

The team engaged in ideation sessions to generate new product ideas.

The team conducted brainstorming sessions to generate new product ideas.

C2 verb /ˈæmərˌtaɪz/

amortize

摊销

Meaning

To gradually reduce or pay off a debt with regular payments.

Example

They plan to amortize the mortgage over 20 years.

他们计划在20年内摊销抵押贷款。

C2 verb /rɔɪl/

roil

搅动

Meaning

to make a liquid muddy or disturbed; to cause agitation or disorder

Example

The constant protests roiled the city streets.

持续的抗议活动搅动了城市的街道。

C2 verb /bɪˈliːɡər/

beleaguer

围困, 烦扰

Meaning

to cause difficulties, troubles, or harassment; to surround with military forces

Example

The company was beleaguered by constant complaints from its customers.

该公司因客户不断的投诉而被围困。

C2 noun /blæk ˈkɑːr.də.məm/

Black Cardamom

黑豆蔻

Meaning

a large aromatic spice pod with a smoky flavor, commonly used in Indian and Middle Eastern cooking

Example

Add black cardamom to the curry for a rich, smoky flavor.

在咖喱中加入黑豆蔻，增添丰富的烟熏味。

C2 noun /kɔˈrɪkə soˈbɔrnə/

Corica soborna

卡奇基鱼

Meaning

a small silvery fish species found in South Asian rivers, commonly used in local cuisine

Example

Corica soborna is a popular ingredient in traditional Bengali fish curry.

科里卡索博尔纳是传统孟加拉鱼咖喱中的一种受欢迎的配料。

C2 noun /daɪˈvɛstɪtʃər/

divestiture

资产剥离

Meaning

the action of selling off or disposing of business interests or assets

Example

The divestiture of the subsidiary was completed last year.

子公司的资产剥离于去年完成。

C2 noun /mjuːˈnɪfəsəns/

munificence

慷慨

Meaning

great generosity or lavish giving

Example

The hospital was built thanks to the munificence of a wealthy donor.

医院的建成得益于一位富有捐赠者的慷慨。

C2 adjective /ˈbʌsti/

busty

胸部丰满的

Meaning

having a large or full bust; describing a woman with a prominent chest

Example

The actress was often described as busty in fashion magazines.

这位女演员在时尚杂志中常被形容为胸部丰满的。

C2 noun /ˌsæv.wɑːr ˈfeər/

savoir-faire

社交技巧

Meaning

The ability to act or speak appropriately in social situations; polished social skills.

Example

She handled the delicate situation with remarkable savoir-faire.

她以卓越的社交技巧处理了这一棘手的情况。

C2 noun /proʊˈdʒɛnɪtər/

progenitor

祖先

Meaning

a direct ancestor; a person or thing that originates something

Example

Researchers traced the custom back to a common progenitor.

研究人员追溯了这个习俗，发现它源自一个共同的祖先。

C2 noun /ˈfɜːrlɔːŋ/

furlong

距离单位（220码或大约201米）

Meaning

a unit of distance equal to 220 yards or about 201 meters

Example

The horse ran a furlong before slowing down.

马跑了一个弗隆后才减速。

C2 adjective /ˈblaɪðsəm/

blithesome

愉快

Meaning

cheerful, carefree, and full of joy

Example

She entered the room with a blithesome smile that lifted everyone's spirits.

她带着愉快的笑容走进房间，大家的心情都变好了。

C2 noun /ruːθ/

ruth

同情

Meaning

A feeling of pity, compassion, or sorrow.

Example

He felt no ruth for the people he had betrayed.

他对他曾经背叛的人没有任何同情。

C2 verb /ˈflædʒəˌleɪt/

flagellate

鞭打或以惩罚或自我约束的方式鞭打自己

Meaning

to whip or flog someone, either literally or as a form of punishment or self-discipline

Example

In history, some monks would flagellate themselves as penance.

在历史上，一些僧侣会因忏悔而鞭打自己。

C2 adjective /vəˈnɪəriəl/

venereal

性病的

Meaning

relating to sexual intercourse or sexually transmitted diseases

Example

Doctors warn about the dangers of venereal diseases.

医生警告性病的危险。

C2 noun /ˈɑːrkeɪˌɪzəm/

archaism

古词

Meaning

a word, expression, or style of language that is no longer in everyday use

Example

The poem is full of archaisms that give it an old-fashioned flavor.

这首诗充满了古词，使其带有一种过时的味道。

C2 noun /ˈpær.əkˌsɪz.əm/

paroxysm

突如其来的爆发

Meaning

A sudden, violent outburst of emotion or activity.

Example

She was seized by a paroxysm of laughter.

她被一阵突如其来的笑声席卷。

C2 adjective /ˈæmbjələˌtɔːri/

ambulatory

门诊病人

Meaning

Relating to or able to walk; relating to outpatient medical care.

Example

The patient is ambulatory and does not require bed rest.

病人是门诊患者，不需要卧床休息。

C2 noun /ˈbʊlrʌʃ/

bulrush

芦苇

Meaning

A tall plant with long leaves that grows in or near water, also known as a cattail.

Example

The pond was surrounded by tall bulrushes swaying in the wind.

池塘被高大的芦苇环绕，随风摇曳。

C2 adjective /ɡrɪˈɡɛəriəs/

gregarious

好社交

Meaning

Fond of company; sociable.

Example

She is a gregarious person who loves meeting new people.

她是一个好社交的人，喜欢结识新朋友。

C2 adjective /ɪnˈtɛsteɪt/

intestate

死于无遗嘱

Meaning

Having died without leaving a valid will.

Example

She died intestate, so her assets were distributed by law.

她死于无遗嘱，因此她的财产由法律分配。

C2 adjective /ˈfrɒθi/

frothy

泡沫丰富

Meaning

Full of or covered with small bubbles; light and insubstantial.

Example

She ordered a cup of frothy cappuccino.

她点了一杯泡沫丰富的卡布奇诺。

C2 verb /ɪˈkwɪvəˌkeɪt/

equivocate

含糊其辞

Meaning

To speak ambiguously or avoid giving a clear answer.

Example

The politician equivocated when asked about the scandal.

那位政治家在被问及丑闻时含糊其辞。

C2 noun /draɪ ɡuːs ˈbɛri/

Dry goose berry

干胺果

Meaning

dehydrated amla fruit, rich in vitamin C and used for medicinal and culinary purposes

Example

Dry goose berry powder is excellent for hair growth.

干胺果粉末对头发生长有很好的促进作用。

C2 noun /ˈkɒmɪti/

comity

礼貌，互相尊重

Meaning

Courtesy and considerate behavior towards others; mutual respect.

Example

The meeting was conducted with comity and respect.

会议是以礼貌和尊重的方式进行的。

C2 noun /ˈdɔɪən/

doyen

最受尊敬的人

Meaning

The most respected or prominent person in a particular field.

Example

He is regarded as the doyen of modern literature in the country.

他被视为该国现代文学的多伊恩。

C2 verb /ʌnˈfɛtər/

unfetter

解开束缚

Meaning

to release from restraint or restriction; to free

Example

The new law will unfetter small businesses from excessive regulations.

新法律将使小企业免于过多的规定。

C2 noun /ˈænti/

ante

Meaning

a stake put up by a player in poker or similar games before receiving cards; also used figuratively to mean an initial investment or contribution

Example

Each player placed an ante before the game began.

谨慎, 小心, 审慎

Meaning

Wary and unwilling to take risks; careful to consider all circumstances and possible consequences.

Example

Investors must be circumspect before making decisions.

投资者在做出决策之前必须谨慎。