Vendor
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B2 noun /ˈvendə(r)/

Vendor

Meaning
a person or company offering something for sale, especially a trader in the street
Example
The street vendor sold fresh fruits and vegetables.
A2 adjective /rɪtʃ/

Rich

Meaning
having a lot of money or valuable possessions; abundant in nutrients or flavor
Example
The rich businessman donated money to the charity.
B2 verb /blʌʃ/

blush

Meaning
to become red in the face due to embarrassment or shyness
Example
She blushed when he complimented her.
C2 adjective, adverb /ˌmæləprəˈpoʊ/

malapropos

Meaning
inappropriate or unsuitable; at an inconvenient or inappropriate time
Example
His comment was malapropos during the serious discussion.
A2 noun ˈliːdər

leader

Meaning
A person who leads or commands a group, organization, or country.
Example
The leader inspired people.
C2 adjective /ˈlæm.ən.tə.bəl/

lamentable

Meaning
deserving to be criticized or regretted; unfortunate
Example
The team’s lamentable performance disappointed their fans.
B1 noun /ˌkæl.kjəˈleɪ.ʃən/

Calculation

Meaning
a mathematical determination of the size or number of something
Example
His calculation of the total cost was accurate to the penny.
B1 noun zəʊn

zone

Meaning
An area or stretch of land having a particular characteristic, purpose, or use, or subject to particular restrictions.
Example
Industrial zones attract investments.
C1 noun ˈrɛp.ə.twɑːr

repertoire

Meaning
A stock of plays, dances, or pieces that a company or a performer knows or is prepared to perform.
Example
The actor's repertoire includes both comedy and drama.
C2 noun ˈsɒmnələns

somnolence

Meaning
A state of drowsiness or sleepiness; inclination to sleep.
Example
The somnolence after a heavy meal made it hard to concentrate.
B2 adjective /ˈlʌv.ə.bəl/

Lovable

Meaning
deserving of love; endearing; adorable
Example
The puppy was so lovable that everyone wanted to adopt it.
B1 verb /træk/

track

Meaning
To follow or trace the course or progress of something.
Example
Someone can easily track your location on social media.
B2 noun /ˈlɪtə(r)/

liter

Meaning
a metric unit of volume equal to one cubic decimeter
Example
The recipe calls for two liters of water.
C2 noun /ˈhɛptəˌɡɒn/

heptagon

Meaning
A polygon with seven sides and seven angles.
Example
The math teacher drew a heptagon on the board.
C2 noun /ˌvælədɪkˈtɔːriən/

valedictorian

Meaning
The student with the highest academic achievements in a graduating class, often chosen to give the farewell speech.
Example
She was honored as the valedictorian of her class.
B1 noun /kræft/

craft

Meaning
an activity involving skill in making things by hand; a trade or occupation
Example
She has mastered the craft of pottery.
B2 noun /kəmˈplek.ʃən/

Complexion

Meaning
the natural color, texture, and appearance of a person's skin, especially on the face
Example
Her fair complexion glowed beautifully in the morning sunlight.
C2 noun /ˌiː.kəʊ.tɒkˈsɪ.kə.lə.dʒi/

ecotoxicology

Meaning
The study of the effects of chemical pollution on the environment.
Example
Ecotoxicology studies the effects of pesticides on wildlife.
A1 noun /piːˈɛm/

pm

Meaning
abbreviation for post meridiem; after midday
Example
The meeting is scheduled at 3 pm.
B1 noun /ˈproʊɡræmɪŋ/

programing

Meaning
the process of writing computer code to create software or applications
Example
He spends most of his time learning computer programming.
A2 noun /ˈbʌt.ər.flaɪ/

Butter-fly

Meaning
a flying insect with large colorful wings
Example
The beautiful butterfly landed on the flower.
C1 adjective fæsˈtɪd.i.əs

fastidious

Meaning
Very attentive to and concerned about accuracy and detail.
Example
She is fastidious about maintaining cleanliness.
C2 noun /ˈtælɪzmən/

talisman

Meaning
An object believed to have magical powers or bring good luck.
Example
He always carried a small talisman in his pocket for luck.
B1 noun /ruːt/

route

Meaning
a way or course taken to get from one place to another
Example
The best route to the airport is through the highway.
C1 noun /ˈbuːt.stræp.ɪŋ/

bootstrapping

Meaning
Starting a business with personal resources or small investments without external funding or venture capital.
Example
Many entrepreneurs rely on bootstrapping to launch their businesses.
B1 noun ruːlz ənd ˌrɛɡjʊˈleɪʃənz

rules and regulations

Meaning
Official orders and laws that control how something is done.
Example
Rules and regulations alone cannot change attitudes.
B2 noun /ˈpiː.lər/

Peeler

Meaning
a kitchen tool used to remove the outer skin or peel from fruits and vegetables
Example
Use a peeler to remove the potato skin.
B2 verb /dɪsˈtɜːb/

disturb

Meaning
to interrupt or cause someone to stop what they are doing
Example
Please don’t disturb me while I’m studying.
C1 verb /piːv/

peeve

Meaning
To annoy or irritate someone.
Example
His constant interruptions really peeve me.
B2 adjective /stɑːrk/

stark

Meaning
Severe, sharp, or clearly defined; plain and without any decoration.
Example
The stark contrast between poverty and wealth was evident in the city.
C1 adjective /ɪɡˈzɔːstɪv/

exhaustive

Meaning
Fully comprehensive and including all possibilities.
Example
The report provides an exhaustive analysis of the issue.
B2 noun /ɪnˈθuziæst/

enthusiast

Meaning
a person who is very interested in a particular activity or subject
Example
He is a football enthusiast and watches every match.
B2 noun /ˈædvəkəsi/

advocacy

Meaning
public support for or recommendation of a particular cause or policy
Example
Her advocacy for children's rights earned her international recognition.
C1 adjective /pləˈtɒnɪk/

platonic

Meaning
relating to a close relationship that is not romantic or sexual
Example
They have a platonic friendship that has lasted for years.
B2 noun /ˈmæd.nəs/

Madness

Meaning
the state of being mentally ill, especially severely; extremely foolish behavior
Example
It would be madness to drive in this storm.
B1 adjective /ˈɪnər/

inner

Meaning
Located inside or closer to the center; relating to one’s thoughts or feelings.
Example
She shared her inner thoughts with her best friend.
A2 verb /bɜːrn/

burn

Meaning
to be on fire; to damage with fire or heat
Example
The candle will burn for several hours.
C1 noun /ˈlaɪm.stoʊn/

Lime stone

Meaning
a hard sedimentary rock, composed mainly of calcium carbonate or dolomite, used as building material and in the making of cement
Example
The ancient building was made of limestone blocks.
B2 adjective /fəˈɡɪv.ɪŋ/

Forgiving

Meaning
ready and willing to forgive; merciful; lenient
Example
She has a forgiving nature and rarely holds grudges.
A2 adjective /ˈleɪtɪst/

latest

Meaning
most recent in time; newest available
Example
She shared the latest updates with the team.
A2 adverb /ˈnaʊədeɪz/

Now-a-days

Meaning
at the present time; in these times
Example
Now-a-days, people prefer online shopping.
C1 noun /ˈoʊvərˌtʊr/

overture

Meaning
An introduction to something more substantial; a proposal or preliminary action.
Example
The peace overture was welcomed by both nations.
B2 adjective /ˈstuː.di.əs/

Studious

Meaning
characterized by diligent study; devoted to learning
Example
She is a studious student who spends hours in the library.
B1 verb /tɛmpt/

tempt

Meaning
to entice or attract someone to do something, often something wrong or unwise
Example
The smell of fresh bread tempted him to enter the bakery.
C1 verb /hoʊn/

hone

Meaning
To sharpen a blade or to improve a skill through practice.
Example
She honed her presentation skills before the big meeting.
B2 verb /ˈɪnəveɪt/

innovate

Meaning
To introduce new methods, ideas, or products.
Example
The company must innovate to stay ahead of its competitors.
A1 verb /seɪ/

say

Meaning
to speak words; to express something in words
Example
She said hello to me.
A2 noun /ˈkɑr.pɪt/

Carpet

Meaning
a floor covering made from thick woven fabric
Example
The Persian carpet in the living room was a family heirloom.
A1 pronoun /hɪm/

him

Meaning
Used to refer to a male person or animal already mentioned.
Example
I saw him at the park yesterday.
A2 noun /ˈtaɪm.teɪ.bəl/

Timetable

Meaning
a schedule showing planned activities or events at particular times
Example
Please check the train timetable for departure times.
B2 noun /əˈpoʊ.nənt/

Opponent

Meaning
a person who disagrees with or resists a proposal or practice; someone who competes against another
Example
The chess player defeated his strongest opponent.
C1 noun ˈfɔː.saɪt

foresight

Meaning
The ability to predict or the action of predicting what will happen or be needed in the future.
Example
His foresight helped the company avoid financial losses.
A2 noun /belt/

Belt

Meaning
a strip of leather or cloth worn around the waist to support clothes or for decoration
Example
He tightened his belt before going for a run.
B1 noun ˈkeɪ.bəl

cable

Meaning
A thick rope of wire or nonmetallic fiber, typically used for construction, mooring ships, or transmitting electricity or telecommunication signals.
Example
The cable connects countries across continents.
B1 adjective /rɔː/

Raw

Meaning
uncooked; not processed; in natural state; inexperienced
Example
The chef prefers to use raw vegetables in his salads.
C2 noun /ɪˌnʌn.siˈeɪ.ʃən/

enunciation

Meaning
The act of saying or pronouncing words clearly and distinctly.
Example
His enunciation was clear during the presentation.
C1 noun /ˈkɒb.lər/

Cobbler

Meaning
a person who repairs shoes and other leather goods
Example
The cobbler fixed my broken shoes perfectly.
B2 noun ˌsænɪˈteɪʃən

sanitation

Meaning
Conditions relating to public health, especially the provision of clean drinking water and adequate sewage disposal.
Example
Good sanitation practices are key to preventing infestations.
A2 noun /prɪns/

prince

Meaning
a male member of a royal family, especially the son of a king or queen; a ruler of a principality
Example
The prince addressed the nation on his birthday.
A1 adverb /noʊ/

no

Meaning
used to give a negative response or to show disagreement
Example
She said no to the invitation.
C2 noun /hɪˈdʒɛməni/ or /ˈhɛdʒəmoʊni/

hegemony

Meaning
leadership or dominance, especially by one state or group over others
Example
The empire maintained its hegemony over neighboring states.
C1 noun /ˌɪnkwɪˈzɪʃən/

inquisition

Meaning
A prolonged and intense questioning or investigation, often harsh in nature.
Example
The journalist faced an inquisition from the panel about his sources.
A2 noun /ˈdʒuːəlri/

jewellery

Meaning
ornamental items worn for personal adornment, such as rings, necklaces, or bracelets, often made of precious metals or stones
Example
She wore beautiful jewellery to the wedding.
C1 adjective /ʌnˈtʌtʃəbəl/

Untouchable

Meaning
not able to be touched or affected; beyond criticism or attack
Example
The CEO seemed untouchable despite the scandal.
B2 verb /ˈaɪ.sə.leɪt/

isolate

Meaning
To separate something or someone from others.
Example
Doctors tried to isolate the patient to prevent the spread of infection.
A2 adjective ˈmed.ɪ.kəl

medical

Meaning
Relating to the practice of medicine or the treatment of illness and injuries.
Example
Medical education has improved significantly.
B2 noun /ˈseɪf.ɡɑːrd/

Safeguard

Meaning
measure or action designed to protect someone or something
Example
New safeguards were implemented to prevent data breaches.
C1 adjective /ˌʌnfɔːrˈsiːn/

unforeseen

Meaning
Not anticipated or predicted; unexpected.
Example
The project faced unforeseen challenges that delayed its completion.
C2 noun /ˈfɒpəri/

foppery

Meaning
Foolish or excessive concern with one's appearance or manners; pretentious behavior.
Example
His obsession with fashion was dismissed as mere foppery.
C1 noun ˌdʒiːəˈlɒdʒɪkəl ˈstrʌktʃər

geological structure

Meaning
The arrangement and composition of rocks, minerals, and landforms in the Earth's crust.
Example
Scientists will study the Moon's geological structure.
C2 adjective /ˌænθrəpəˈmɔːrfɪk/

anthropomorphic

Meaning
attributing human characteristics to non-human things, like animals or objects
Example
The cartoon shows an anthropomorphic cat walking on two legs.
B2 adjective /dʒaɪˈɡæntɪk/

gigantic

Meaning
Extremely large or huge in size, power, or extent.
Example
The company made a gigantic investment in technology.
A1 pronoun /ðɛm/

them

Meaning
used to refer to people or things previously mentioned or easily identified
Example
I saw them at the park yesterday.
B1 adjective /ˈdefɪnət/

Definite

Meaning
clearly stated or decided; not vague or uncertain; specific
Example
We need a definite answer by tomorrow.
B2 noun /dɪˈtɜːrdʒənt/

detergent

Meaning
a substance used for cleaning, especially for washing clothes and dishes
Example
She bought a new brand of detergent for laundry.
A2 adjective/noun /ˈaɪrɪʃ/

irish

Meaning
relating to Ireland, its people, or its language
Example
The Irish countryside is very beautiful.
B1 verb /splɪt/

split

Meaning
to divide or separate into parts or groups
Example
He split the log in two with an axe.
C1 adjective /ˈʃɪp.ʃeɪp/

Shipshape

Meaning
neat and tidy; in good order; well-organized
Example
Everything was shipshape before the inspection.
B1 noun /ˈeər fɔːrs/

Air force

Meaning
the military organization of a country that uses aircraft for fighting
Example
The air force conducted a training exercise over the mountains.
C1 verb /səbˈsɪst/

subsist

Meaning
To maintain or support oneself, especially at a minimal level.
Example
Many villagers still subsist on fishing and farming.
C1 verb /rɪˈdʒɛnəreɪt/

regenerate

Meaning
to grow or produce again; to renew or restore
Example
The lizard can regenerate its lost tail.
B2 adjective ˌkɑː.bən ˈnjuː.trəl

carbon-neutral

Meaning
Having a balance between emitting carbon and absorbing carbon from the atmosphere; not adding to overall carbon emissions.
Example
The company aims to be carbon-neutral by 2030.
C1 noun /ˈkæn.ə.pi/

canopy

Meaning
The upper layer of a forest formed by the crowns of trees; overhead cover.
Example
The rainforest canopy provides shelter to many birds and insects.
C2 adjective /tɛnˈdɛnʃəs/

tendentious

Meaning
Expressing or promoting a particular cause or point of view, often biased.
Example
The article was criticized for its tendentious tone.
A1 adjective /ˈreɪ.di.əʊ/

radio

Meaning
Relating to radio waves or broadcasting.
Example
FAST is the largest radio telescope in the world.
C1 adjective lɪŋˈɡwɪs.tɪk

linguistic

Meaning
Related to language or linguistics; concerning the scientific study of language.
Example
The AI model learns from linguistic patterns.
A2 noun /ˈtæksi/

taxi

Meaning
A car licensed to transport passengers in exchange for payment of a fare.
Example
We hailed a taxi to get to the airport.
C2 noun /ˈpær.ɪ.saɪd/

parricide

Meaning
The act of killing one's father, mother, or other close relative.
Example
The court tried him for parricide after the tragic incident.
C1 adverb /ˈfɜː.vənt.li/

Fervently

Meaning
with passionate intensity; ardently; with great emotion or enthusiasm
Example
She fervently hoped that her dreams would come true.
A1 noun /ɑːrt/

art

Meaning
the expression or application of human creative skill and imagination
Example
She studied art at the university.
C2 noun /tɪlθ/

tilth

Meaning
The physical condition of soil in relation to its suitability for planting crops.
Example
The farmer checked the soil's tilth before planting the seeds.
B1 noun /ˈkɒtən/

cotton

Meaning
A soft white fibrous substance used to make cloth and thread.
Example
This shirt is made of pure cotton.
C1 adverb /ˌɪn.dɪˈskrɪm.ɪ.nət.li/

Indiscriminately

Meaning
without making careful distinctions; randomly; without discrimination
Example
The company fired employees indiscriminately without considering their performance.
C1 noun ˌkɒn.əˈteɪ.ʃən

connotation

Meaning
The implied or suggested meaning of a word beyond its literal definition
Example
The word 'home' has a warm connotation of comfort and family.
C1 noun /prəʊˌkræs.tɪˈneɪ.ʃən/

procrastination

Meaning
The act of delaying or postponing tasks or activities.
Example
Procrastination is the enemy of success.
C1 adjective /ˌpriːˈmɛdɪˌteɪtɪd/

premeditated

Meaning
planned in advance; done deliberately
Example
The crime was clearly premeditated.
C2 noun /ˈvaɪnəri/

vinery

Meaning
A place where vines are cultivated, especially a vineyard or greenhouse for vines.
Example
The old vinery was filled with grapevines.
B2 adjective /aɪˈdentɪkəl/

Identical

Meaning
exactly the same; not different in any way
Example
The twins look completely identical to each other.
A2 adjective /ˈmɪzɪkəl/

musical

Meaning
related to or consisting of music
Example
She has a very musical voice.
C1 adjective /ˈtɔːrtʃərəs/

torturous

Meaning
Extremely painful or causing great suffering; relating to or involving torture.
Example
The journey through the desert was long and torturous.
B2 adjective/noun ˌdem.əˈɡræf.ɪk

demographic

Meaning
Relating to the structure of populations; statistical data relating to the population and particular groups within it.
Example
The company analyzes demographic trends before launching a product.
B2 noun /ˈkɒl.ər/

Collar

Meaning
a band of material around the neck; in jewelry context, a close-fitting necklace
Example
She wore an elegant pearl collar to the formal dinner.
C2 adjective /ˌɪnˈekspɜːrt/

inexpert

Meaning
not skilled or experienced; lacking expertise
Example
The inexpert handling of the machine caused several mistakes.
C2 adjective /ˌvælɪˈdɪktəri/

valedictory

Meaning
Serving as a farewell or parting; relating to a valediction.
Example
He delivered a valedictory speech at the conference.
A2 noun /ˈdʌst.bɪn/

Dustbin

Meaning
a container for holding waste or garbage before disposal
Example
Please throw the paper into the dustbin after use.
C2 noun /məˈlɑː.ti/

Malati

Meaning
a fragrant climbing plant with small white flowers, commonly known as jasmine
Example
The malati vine covered the garden wall with sweet-smelling flowers.
B2 noun ˌrɛzɪɡˈneɪʃən

resignation

Meaning
The acceptance of something undesirable but inevitable; giving up.
Example
Her resignation from the position was unexpected.
C1 verb /ˈhæmpər/

hamper

Meaning
to hinder or impede the movement or progress of
Example
The heavy rain hampered our travel plans.
B1 noun /ˈprəʊɡræmɪŋ/

programming

Meaning
the process of designing and writing computer programs
Example
He has been learning programming for several months now.
C1 adjective /məˈləʊ.di.əs/

Melodious

Meaning
having a pleasant musical sound; tuneful
Example
Her melodious voice captivated the entire audience.
C1 noun /ˈbaɪ.lɔː/

by-law

Meaning
A rule made by a company, organization, or local authority to control the actions of its members.
Example
The city council passed a new by-law regulating street vendors.
B2 verb /ˈmɒdənaɪz/

modernize

Meaning
To adapt something to modern needs or styles; to update or improve.
Example
The company plans to modernize its IT infrastructure.
C1 verb /səbˈsaɪd/

subside

Meaning
to become less intense, violent, or severe; to sink or fall to a lower level
Example
After the storm, the floodwaters began to subside.
C1 noun /ˈʌndərdɒɡ/

underdog

Meaning
a competitor thought to have little chance of winning; a weaker party in a contest
Example
The underdog team surprised everyone by winning the championship.
C1 noun /ˌpærəˈnɔɪə/

paranoia

Meaning
an irrational and persistent feeling that people are 'out to get you' or are constantly watching you
Example
His constant paranoia made it hard for him to trust anyone.
A2 noun /ˈherˌdrɛsər/

hairdresser

Meaning
a person whose job is to cut, style, and treat hair
Example
The hairdresser gave me a stylish haircut before the wedding.
C1 adjective /prəˈlɪf.ɪk/

prolific

Meaning
Present in large numbers or quantities; plentiful; producing many works, results, or offspring.
Example
The author is prolific, having written over 30 books.
C1 verb /dɪˈfrɔːd/

defraud

Meaning
to illegally take money or valuables from someone by deception
Example
The company was accused of trying to defraud investors.
B1 adjective /fɒnd/

fond

Meaning
having a strong liking or affection for something or someone
Example
She is fond of painting and spends hours in front of her canvas.
B1 noun /ˈsʌn.flaʊər/

Sun flower

Meaning
a large yellow flower that turns to face the sun
Example
The sunflower field looked amazing in the bright sunlight.
A2 adjective /taɪt/

tight

Meaning
firmly held in place, not loose or slack
Example
The knot was too tight to untie.