vanish
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B2 verb /ˈvænɪʃ/

vanish

Meaning
to disappear suddenly; to become invisible
Example
The magician made the rabbit vanish from the hat.
B2 noun ˌvɒlənˈtɪər ˌɔːɡənaɪˈzeɪʃən

volunteer organization

Meaning
A nonprofit group of people who offer their services willingly without payment for a cause.
Example
BD Clean is a volunteer organization promoting recycling.
B1 adjective /ˈvɛəriəs/

Various

Meaning
several different; many different types of
Example
She has lived in various countries around the world.
C2 adjective ˌvɪz.ju.oʊˈspeɪ.ʃəl

visuospatial

Meaning
Related to understanding the relationship between space and objects through vision.
Example
Good visuospatial skills are important for architecture and design.
B2 noun /ˌvɪz.ɪˈbɪlɪti/

visibility

Meaning
The state of being able to see or be seen; exposure or prominence.
Example
Increased visibility on social media can help businesses grow.
C2 adjective /ˈvɜːrdənt/

verdant

Meaning
Green with grass or other rich vegetation; lush and fertile.
Example
The hills looked verdant after the monsoon rains.
C2 noun /ˈvaɪənd/

viand

Meaning
an item of food, especially a delicacy
Example
The banquet was filled with rich viands and wines.
B2 noun /vɜːrdʒ/

Verge

Meaning
the edge or border of something; very close to happening
Example
She was on the verge of tears.
A2 noun /vəˈkæbjʊləri/

vocabulary

Meaning
the set of words known and used by a person, group, or language; the words used in a particular field or subject
Example
Reading every day helps improve your vocabulary.
B2 noun /vaɪn/

vine

Meaning
a climbing or trailing plant with long stems; a plant that produces grapes
Example
The vine climbed up the wall and covered it with green leaves.
C2 noun /ˈvɛləm/

vellum

Meaning
a fine parchment made originally from the skin of a calf, used for writing or printing
Example
The ancient manuscript was written on vellum.
B2 adjective /ˈvʌl.ɡər/

Vulgar

Meaning
lacking sophistication or good taste; crude and offensive in language or behavior
Example
His vulgar language offended everyone at the dinner party.
B1 noun /ˌvɒl.ənˈtɪər/

Volunteer

Meaning
a person who freely offers to take part in an enterprise or undertake a task
Example
Many volunteers helped distribute food to the homeless.
C1 adjective /ˈveɪɡrənt/

Vagrant

Meaning
wandering aimlessly; having no settled home
Example
The vagrant man was asking for food near the station.
B2 adjective /ˈvɪʃ.əs/

Vicious

Meaning
deliberately cruel or violent; having a savage nature
Example
The vicious dog attacked anyone who came near its territory.
A1 adverb /ˈver.i/

Very

Meaning
to a high degree; extremely; greatly
Example
She is very intelligent and works very hard.
C2 adjective /ˈvɪnsəbl/

vincible

Meaning
capable of being overcome or defeated
Example
The enemy seemed vincible after losing their main base.
C2 noun /ˌvælədɪkˈtɔːriən/

valedictorian

Meaning
The student with the highest academic achievements in a graduating class, often chosen to give the farewell speech.
Example
She was honored as the valedictorian of her class.
C2 adjective /ˈvɪtriəs/

vitreous

Meaning
having a glass-like appearance or quality
Example
The mineral has a vitreous shine.
C1 noun /voʊɡ/

vogue

Meaning
the prevailing fashion, style, or trend at a particular time
Example
Minimalist design is currently in vogue.
C1 verb /veks/

vex

Meaning
to annoy or frustrate someone; to cause trouble
Example
The constant noise from construction vexes the residents.
C1 noun /ˈvælər/

valor

Meaning
Great courage in the face of danger, especially in battle.
Example
The soldier was honored for his valor during the war.
C1 noun /ˈvɪɡər/

vigor

Meaning
Physical strength, energy, or enthusiasm.
Example
She tackled the project with great vigor and determination.
C2 adjective /ˈvoʊtɪv/

votive

Meaning
Offered or dedicated in fulfillment of a vow.
Example
She lit a votive candle in the church as a prayer.
C1 noun ˌvɒl.əˈtɪl.ɪ.ti

volatility

Meaning
Liability to change rapidly and unpredictably, especially for the worse; instability.
Example
The stock market's volatility makes investment risky.
C2 noun /ˌvɑːljəˈbɪləti/

volubility

Meaning
The quality of talking fluently, readily, or incessantly.
Example
His volubility made him a successful radio host.
B2 noun ˈvaɪtəl rɪˈsɔːrsɪz

vital resources

Meaning
Essential assets or supplies that are crucial for survival and development.
Example
Water is one of Bangladesh's vital resources.
C2 adjective /ˈvɪsɪd/

viscid

Meaning
Having a thick, sticky consistency.
Example
The sap had a viscid texture that stuck to his hands.
C2 noun /viːˈnæləti/

venality

Meaning
the quality of being open to bribery or corruption
Example
The scandal revealed the venality of several senior officials.
A2 noun /ˈvæk.juːm ˈkliː.nər/

Vaccum cleaner

Meaning
an electrical appliance that uses suction to remove dirt and dust from carpets and floors
Example
She used the vacuum cleaner to clean the living room carpet.
C1 noun ˌvæljuˈeɪʃən

valuation

Meaning
An estimation of the worth of something.
Example
The valuation of the property was much higher than expected.
B1 noun /ˌvedʒəˈteəriən/

Vegetarian

Meaning
a person who does not eat meat or fish; relating to vegetarians or vegetarianism
Example
She became a vegetarian for health and environmental reasons.
B2 noun /ˈvjuːpɔɪnt/

viewpoint

Meaning
a particular attitude or way of considering a matter
Example
From his viewpoint, the situation was hopeless.
C1 adjective /ˈven.ə.məs/

Venomous

Meaning
secreting venom; full of malice or spite; extremely hostile
Example
The venomous snake struck quickly at its prey.
B2 noun /vɜːrs/

verse

Meaning
A line of writing in poetry; a section of a song or poem.
Example
She wrote a beautiful verse for the wedding ceremony.
C1 noun /vəˈræs.ə.ti/

veracity

Meaning
Conformity to facts; accuracy and truthfulness.
Example
The journalist checked the veracity of the report.
C2 noun /ˌvɛrɪsɪˈmɪlɪtjuːd/

verisimilitude

Meaning
the appearance of being true or real
Example
The movie was praised for its verisimilitude to actual events.
C1 noun /ˈvendʒəns/

Vengeance

Meaning
punishment inflicted or retribution exacted for an injury or wrong; revenge
Example
He swore to seek vengeance against those who wronged him.
C1 adverb /ˈvaɪtəli/

vitally

Meaning
in an extremely important or essential way; in a manner relating to life or vitality
Example
Access to clean water is vitally important for public health.
C2 adjective /ˌvælɪˈdɪktəri/

valedictory

Meaning
Serving as a farewell or parting; relating to a valediction.
Example
He delivered a valedictory speech at the conference.
C2 adverb /ˈvɛrɪli/

verily

Meaning
truly; certainly; without a doubt
Example
Verily, I say unto you, this is the truth.
B1 noun /ˈvɪʒ.ən/

vision

Meaning
The faculty or state of being able to see.
Example
Excessive rubbing can damage vision.
B1 noun /ˈvæl.juː/

Value

Meaning
the importance or worth of something; the amount of money that something is worth
Example
This antique vase has great sentimental value to our family.
A1 verb /ˈvɪzɪt/

visit

Meaning
to go and see someone or somewhere; to pay a call
Example
We plan to visit the museum this weekend.
B1 noun /ˈviːɪkəl/

Vehicle

Meaning
a thing used for transporting people or goods, especially on land; a means of expressing or displaying something
Example
The electric vehicle is becoming more popular these days.
C1 noun /ˈvænɡɑːrd/

vanguard

Meaning
the forefront of an action, movement, or military force
Example
The company is at the vanguard of technological innovation.
B1 noun /ˈvɪk.tɪm/

Victim

Meaning
a person who suffers harm, injury, or death as a result of an event or action
Example
The victim was taken to the hospital immediately.
B2 noun /ˈvɪɡ.ər/

Vigour

Meaning
physical strength and good health; effort, energy, and enthusiasm
Example
She approached her work with renewed vigour after the vacation.
B2 adjective /ˈvɜːr.tʃu.əs/

Virtuous

Meaning
having high moral standards; righteous; morally excellent
Example
She is known for her virtuous character and honest dealings.
C2 noun vəˈlɪʃən

volition

Meaning
The faculty or power of using one's will; the power of choosing or determining.
Example
She left the job of her own volition.
C2 noun /vɜːrv/

verve

Meaning
Great enthusiasm, spirit, or energy in expression or performance.
Example
The actor performed his role with remarkable verve.
C2 noun /ˈvoʊkəbəl/

vocable

Meaning
a word, term, or sound that has meaning
Example
The dictionary contained thousands of vocables from different languages.
B1 noun ˈvɪktəri

victory

Meaning
The act of defeating an enemy or opponent in a battle, game, or other competition.
Example
The victory of Bangladesh on December 16 is a moment of pride.
C2 adjective /ˈvɪndɪkətɔːri/

vindicatory

Meaning
Serving to justify, clear of blame, or defend.
Example
His vindicatory remarks restored his reputation.
B2 noun /ˌvaɪ.əˈleɪ.ʃən/

Violation

Meaning
the action of violating someone or something; the action of breaking or failing to comply with a rule or formal agreement
Example
The company was fined for violation of environmental regulations.
C2 verb /ˈvæsɪleɪt/

vacillate

Meaning
to waver between different opinions or actions; be indecisive
Example
He vacillated between studying law and becoming a writer.
C1 adverb/adjective /vɜːˈbeɪ.tɪm/

verbatim

Meaning
In exactly the same words as were used originally; word for word repetition.
Example
She repeated his instructions verbatim to avoid errors.
B1 noun /ˈvɔɪ.ɪdʒ/

Voyage

Meaning
a long journey involving travel by sea or in space
Example
The ship's voyage across the Atlantic took two weeks.
C1 noun /ˈvɜː.tɪ.kəl ˈfɑː.mɪŋ/

vertical farming

Meaning
The practice of growing crops in vertically stacked layers, often incorporating controlled-environment agriculture.
Example
Vertical farming ensures maximum space utilization in urban areas.
B2 adjective /ˈvaɪəbəl/

viable

Meaning
Capable of working successfully; feasible.
Example
A viable solution is necessary for long-term success.
B2 verb /vaʊ/

vow

Meaning
to make a serious promise; to pledge solemnly
Example
They vowed to love each other forever.
B2 adjective /vɪkˈtɔː.ri.əs/

Victorious

Meaning
having won a victory; successful in a struggle or contest
Example
The victorious team celebrated their championship win with great joy.
B1 noun /ˈvaɪrəs/

virus

Meaning
A tiny infectious agent that can replicate only inside the living cells of an organism.
Example
The computer was infected with a dangerous virus.
C2 noun /ˈvaɪsrɔɪ/

viceroy

Meaning
a ruler exercising authority on behalf of a sovereign in a colony or province
Example
The viceroy governed the colony in the king's name.
C1 adjective /ˈvɪrjʊlənt/

virulent

Meaning
Extremely severe or harmful in its effects.
Example
The virulent disease spread rapidly across the region.
C1 noun /vəˈlɒs.ɪ.ti/

velocity

Meaning
Speed or acceleration, the rate of movement of any object or vehicle.
Example
High velocity trains reduce travel time significantly.
C2 adjective /ˈvɒkətɪv/

vocative

Meaning
relating to a case in grammar used for directly addressing someone
Example
In Latin, the vocative case is used when directly calling someone by name.
C1 adjective /ˈvɛdʒɪtətɪv/

vegetative

Meaning
relating to growth or the basic processes of life, often without conscious thought or activity
Example
The patient remained in a vegetative state after the accident.
C2 noun /ˈvɜːrdɪɡriːs/

verdigris

Meaning
A green or bluish deposit that forms on copper, brass, or bronze surfaces due to oxidation.
Example
The old statue was covered in verdigris after years of exposure to the rain.
C2 adjective /ˈvækjuəs/

vacuous

Meaning
Having or showing a lack of thought or intelligence; mindless.
Example
She gave a vacuous smile during the serious discussion.
C1 verb /ˈvæŋkwɪʃ/

vanquish

Meaning
to defeat thoroughly, especially in battle or competition
Example
The army vanquished its enemies with superior strategy.
C2 adjective /vəˈnɪəriəl/

venereal

Meaning
relating to sexual intercourse or sexually transmitted diseases
Example
Doctors warn about the dangers of venereal diseases.
B2 adjective /ˈvɜːrtɪkl/

vertical

Meaning
Standing or pointing straight up; perpendicular to the ground.
Example
The skyscraper has a perfectly vertical design.
C2 adjective /vɜːrˈtɪdʒɪnəs/

vertiginous

Meaning
Causing dizziness due to great height or steepness.
Example
The tourists looked down from the vertiginous cliffs with awe.
C1 adjective /ˈvɪskəs/

viscous

Meaning
Having a thick, sticky consistency between solid and liquid.
Example
Honey is a viscous liquid that flows slowly.
C2 noun /ˈvɪtəlz/

victuals

Meaning
Food or provisions, especially for human consumption.
Example
The travelers packed enough victuals for their long journey.
C1 verb /vəˈkeɪt/

vacate

Meaning
to leave a place; to make empty by leaving
Example
The tenants must vacate the apartment by the end of the month.
C2 noun /ˈvɪzɪdʒ/

visage

Meaning
A person's face or facial expression.
Example
Her stern visage intimidated the children.
C1 noun /ˈviːəməns/

Vehemence

Meaning
great forcefulness or intensity of feeling or expression; passionate conviction
Example
He argued with such vehemence that everyone was surprised.
C2 noun /ˌviːələnsɛloʊ/

violoncello

Meaning
The full name of the cello, a large string instrument played with a bow and held between the knees.
Example
He practiced the violoncello for hours each day.
C2 noun /ˌvɪvɪˈsɛkʃən/

vivisection

Meaning
the practice of performing operations on live animals for scientific research
Example
Vivisection has long been a controversial topic among scientists and animal rights activists.
B1 noun /ˈvæl.i/

Valley

Meaning
a low area of land between hills or mountains
Example
The green valley stretched for miles between the mountains.
C1 noun /ˈvenɪsən/

Venison

Meaning
meat from a deer used as food
Example
The restaurant serves delicious venison steaks.
C2 noun /ˈvɛstmənt/

vestment

Meaning
a garment, especially a ceremonial or official robe worn during religious services
Example
The priest wore a golden vestment during the ceremony.
B2 noun /ˌvʌl.nər.əˈbɪl.ə.ti/

vulnerability

Meaning
The quality or state of being exposed to the possibility of being attacked or harmed.
Example
Addressing vulnerability is crucial for stability.
B2 verb /ˈvæksɪneɪt/

vaccinate

Meaning
to give a vaccine to protect against a disease
Example
Children are usually vaccinated before starting school.
C2 noun /vɪˈsɪsɪtjuːd/

vicissitude

Meaning
A natural change or succession of one thing to another; the ups and downs of life.
Example
The vicissitude of life often teaches resilience.
C2 verb /voʊˈsɪfəˌreɪt/

vociferate

Meaning
to shout, complain, or argue loudly or vehemently
Example
The protesters vociferated against the unfair law.
B2 adjective /ˈvɜː.sə.taɪl/

versatile

Meaning
Able to adapt or be adapted to many different functions or activities; having many uses or applications.
Example
He is a versatile musician who can play multiple instruments.
C1 noun /ˈvɪstə/

vista

Meaning
A pleasing view, especially one seen through a long, narrow opening.
Example
From the mountain top, we admired the breathtaking vista of the valley below.
C2 verb /vɪˈtjuːpəreɪt/

vituperate

Meaning
To criticize harshly or abuse verbally.
Example
The politician was quick to vituperate his opponents during the debate.
C1 noun /vʌlˈɡær.ɪ.ti/

Vulgarity

Meaning
the quality of being rude, offensive, or indecent; lack of sophistication or good taste
Example
The comedian's jokes were criticized for their vulgarity.
C1 noun/verb /ˈvɑːrnɪʃ/

varnish

Meaning
A liquid that is applied to wood or other materials to form a hard, shiny surface; also to apply such a liquid.
Example
The carpenter varnished the table to give it a glossy finish.
C2 verb /ˈvɪlɪfaɪ/

vilify

Meaning
to speak or write about someone in an abusive or disparaging manner
Example
The politician was vilified in the media for his controversial remarks.
C1 noun /ˌvaɪ.əˈbɪl.ə.ti/

viability

Meaning
Ability to work successfully; feasibility.
Example
The viability of the project depends on funding.
C2 adjective /ˈvɑːlətɪv/

volitive

Meaning
Relating to the will or the exercise of the will.
Example
The treaty was signed under volitive agreement between both nations.
C2 adjective /ˌvɛrɪˈsɪmɪlər/

verisimilar

Meaning
appearing to be true or real
Example
The story seemed verisimilar though it was entirely fictional.
A2 noun /ˈvɪzɪtər/

visitor

Meaning
a person who goes to see a place or someone for a short time
Example
The museum had many visitors last weekend.
B1 adjective /ˈvælɪd/

Valid

Meaning
legally or officially acceptable; having a sound basis in logic or fact
Example
The passport is valid for ten years.
C1 adjective /ˈvɪʒ.ən.er.i/

Visionary

Meaning
having original ideas about what the future will bring; innovative; imaginative
Example
Steve Jobs was a visionary leader who revolutionized technology.
A2 noun /ˈvedʒtəbəl ɔɪl/

Vegetable oil

Meaning
Oil extracted from plants, seeds, or nuts used for cooking
Example
She heated vegetable oil in the pan before adding the vegetables.
C2 noun /ˈvaɪnəri/

vinery

Meaning
A place where vines are cultivated, especially a vineyard or greenhouse for vines.
Example
The old vinery was filled with grapevines.
C1 noun /veɪl/

vale

Meaning
A valley, often used in a poetic or literary sense.
Example
The village lay hidden in a quiet green vale.
C1 noun ˌvɛn.əˈreɪ.ʃən

veneration

Meaning
Great respect; reverence; the action of regarding with great respect or reverence.
Example
Many cultures show veneration for their ancestors.
B1 abbreviation /vərsəs/

vs

Meaning
used to indicate opposition or contrast between two things
Example
The match was Brazil vs Argentina in the final.
B2 noun /ˈvɛtərən/

veteran

Meaning
a person who has long experience in a particular field or an ex-member of the armed forces
Example
He is a veteran of the software industry.
C2 noun /ˌvɛəriəˈɡeɪʃən/

variegation

Meaning
The appearance of differently colored zones in the leaves, flowers, or stems of plants.
Example
Variegation makes the foliage look more attractive.
C2 noun /ˈvɔːdəvɪl/

vaudeville

Meaning
A type of entertainment popular in the early 20th century, featuring a mixture of comedy, song, dance, and variety acts.
Example
The vaudeville show included comedians, magicians, and dancers.
C1 verb /ˈvɪn.dɪ.keɪt/

vindicate

Meaning
To clear someone of blame or suspicion; to show or prove to be right, reasonable, or justified.
Example
The new evidence helped vindicate the wrongly accused man.
B2 noun /vɪˈsɪn.ə.ti/

Vicinity

Meaning
the area near or surrounding a particular place; neighborhood
Example
There are many shops in the vicinity of the school.
C2 adjective /ˈvɛəriəˌɡeɪtɪd/

variegated

Meaning
Having different colors, especially in irregular patches or streaks.
Example
The garden was full of variegated plants.
C2 verb /ˈvaɪtəlaɪz/

vitalize

Meaning
To give life, energy, or strength to something.
Example
Fresh air and exercise can vitalize the body and mind.
C1 noun /vərˈnækjələr/

vernacular

Meaning
the language or dialect spoken by ordinary people in a particular region
Example
He gave his speech in the local vernacular so everyone could understand.
C2 noun /vəˈliːɪti/

velleity

Meaning
A wish or inclination not strong enough to lead to action.
Example
His interest in painting never grew beyond a mere velleity.
B2 adjective /veɪɡ/

Vague

Meaning
unclear or uncertain in meaning; not clearly expressed
Example
His explanation was too vague for me to understand.
B2 noun /veɪl/

Veil

Meaning
a piece of fine material worn to protect or conceal the face; something that conceals or disguises
Example
The bride wore a beautiful white veil during the ceremony.
B1 verb /ˈveri/

vary

Meaning
to change or differ; to make different
Example
The weather conditions vary throughout the day.
C2 noun /ˈvoʊtəri/

votary

Meaning
A devoted follower or admirer of someone or something.
Example
He is a votary of classical music and attends every concert.
B2 noun /ˈvæljuː ˌprɒpəˈzɪʃən/

value proposition

Meaning
A statement that explains the unique benefits or value that a product or service offers to customers.
Example
A clear value proposition attracts more customers.
C2 noun ˈvɜː.mɪ.kʌl.tʃər

vermiculture

Meaning
The cultivation of earthworms, especially for use in composting organic waste.
Example
Vermiculture enriches soil with natural nutrients.
C2 verb /ˈvɪvɪfaɪ/

vivify

Meaning
to give life or energy to something; to animate or enliven
Example
The teacher’s enthusiasm helped vivify the boring lecture.