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B2 verb /ˈvænɪʃ/

vanish

消える
Meaning
to disappear suddenly; to become invisible
Example
The magician made the rabbit vanish from the hat.
マジシャンは帽子からウサギを消した。
C1 noun /ˈvɜːrtɛks/

vertex

頂点
Meaning
The highest point; the top or the apex.
Example
The climber reached the vertex of the mountain.
登山者は山の頂点に達しました。
C2 noun /ˌvælɪˈdɪkʃən/

valediction

別れの言葉
Meaning
The act of saying farewell; a formal goodbye.
Example
The professor gave a touching valediction at his retirement ceremony.
教授は退職式で感動的な別れの言葉を述べました。
C1 noun /vɪˈvæsɪti/

vivacity

活力
Meaning
The quality of being lively, animated, and full of energy.
Example
The child’s vivacity brightened the entire room.
子供の活力は部屋全体を明るくしました。
C2 noun /ˈvɪntnər/

vintner

ワイン製造者 / ワイン販売者
Meaning
A person who makes or sells wine.
Example
The vintner explained the process of making red wine.
ヴィントナーは赤ワインの作り方を説明しました。
C2 noun /vəˈliːɪti/

velleity

弱い願望
Meaning
A wish or inclination not strong enough to lead to action.
Example
His interest in painting never grew beyond a mere velleity.
絵画への彼の興味は単なる弱い願望に過ぎなかった。
C2 verb /ˈvɛəriəˌɡeɪt/

variegate

多様化する
Meaning
To diversify or mark with different colors or patterns.
Example
The artist used different shades to variegate the design.
アーティストはデザインを多様化するために異なる色合いを使いました。
C2 noun /ˈvɪrjʊləns/

virulence

病原性
Meaning
The severity or harmfulness of a disease or poison.
Example
Scientists studied the virulence of the new virus strain.
科学者たちは新しいウイルス株の病原性を研究しました。
C2 noun vəˈlɪʃən

volition

意志
Meaning
The faculty or power of using one's will; the power of choosing or determining.
Example
She left the job of her own volition.
彼女は自分の意思で仕事を辞めました。
C1 noun /ˈvenɪsən/

Venison

鹿肉
Meaning
meat from a deer used as food
Example
The restaurant serves delicious venison steaks.
レストランでは美味しい鹿肉ステーキが提供されます。
C2 adjective /ˈviːnəl/

venal

売国的
Meaning
willing to do dishonest things in return for money; corrupt
Example
The politician was accused of being venal and corrupt.
その政治家は、売国的で腐敗していると非難されました。
C1 noun /ˈvɔːrtɛks/

vortex

渦巻き
Meaning
A mass of whirling fluid or air, especially a whirlpool or whirlwind.
Example
The plane was caught in a dangerous vortex of air.
飛行機は危険な空気の渦巻きに巻き込まれました。
C2 adjective /ˈvoʊtɪv/

votive

奉納
Meaning
Offered or dedicated in fulfillment of a vow.
Example
She lit a votive candle in the church as a prayer.
彼女は教会で祈りとして奉納のキャンドルを灯しました。
B1 noun /ˈvɔɪ.ɪdʒ/

Voyage

航海; 海上旅行
Meaning
a long journey involving travel by sea or in space
Example
The ship's voyage across the Atlantic took two weeks.
船の大西洋を越える航海は2週間かかりました。
C1 noun /ˌvɜːrtʃuˈoʊsoʊ/

virtuoso

名人
Meaning
A person highly skilled in music, art, or another artistic pursuit.
Example
The pianist is a true virtuoso, captivating audiences worldwide.
そのピアニストは真の名人であり、世界中の観客を魅了しています。
B2 adjective /ˈvaɪəbəl/

viable

実行可能, 実現可能
Meaning
Capable of working successfully; feasible.
Example
A viable solution is necessary for long-term success.
長期的な成功には実行可能な解決策が必要です。
C1 noun /voʊɡ/

vogue

ファッション
Meaning
the prevailing fashion, style, or trend at a particular time
Example
Minimalist design is currently in vogue.
ミニマリストデザインは現在ファッションです。
B2 verb /ˈvaɪəleɪt/

violate

違反する
Meaning
to break or go against a rule or law; to disrespect
Example
Parking here violates the city regulations.
ここに駐車すると市の規則に違反します。
C1 adverb /ˈvaɪtəli/

vitally

極めて重要に
Meaning
in an extremely important or essential way; in a manner relating to life or vitality
Example
Access to clean water is vitally important for public health.
清潔な水へのアクセスは公衆衛生にとって極めて重要です。
B2 adjective /vɪkˈtɔː.ri.əs/

Victorious

勝利した
Meaning
having won a victory; successful in a struggle or contest
Example
The victorious team celebrated their championship win with great joy.
勝利したチームは、チャンピオンシップの勝利を大きな喜びで祝いました。
C1 verb /vəˈkeɪt/

vacate

退去する
Meaning
to leave a place; to make empty by leaving
Example
The tenants must vacate the apartment by the end of the month.
入居者は月末までにアパートを退去しなければならない。
B1 noun /ˌvedʒəˈteəriən/

Vegetarian

菜食主義者
Meaning
a person who does not eat meat or fish; relating to vegetarians or vegetarianism
Example
She became a vegetarian for health and environmental reasons.
彼女は健康と環境の理由で菜食主義者になりました。
C1 noun ˌvæljuˈeɪʃən

valuation

評価
Meaning
An estimation of the worth of something.
Example
The valuation of the property was much higher than expected.
その不動産の評価は予想よりはるかに高かった。
C1 adjective vəˈreɪ.ʃəs

voracious

貪欲な
Meaning
Having a very eager approach to an activity; wanting or devouring great quantities of food or having an insatiable appetite.
Example
He has a voracious appetite for knowledge.
彼は知識に対して貪欲な食欲を持っている。
B2 adverb /ˈvɜː.tʃu.ə.li/

Virtually

実質的に; ほぼ;
Meaning
nearly; almost; in effect though not in name
Example
The building was virtually destroyed in the earthquake.
その建物は地震でほぼ破壊されました。
C2 verb /voʊˈsɪfəˌreɪt/

vociferate

大声で抗議する
Meaning
to shout, complain, or argue loudly or vehemently
Example
The protesters vociferated against the unfair law.
抗議者たちは不公平な法律に反対して声高に叫んだ。
B2 adjective /ˈvaɪ.brənt/

Vibrant

活気のある; 鮮やかな; 生き生きとした
Meaning
full of energy and life; bright and striking
Example
The vibrant colors of the sunset painted the sky beautifully.
夕焼けの鮮やかな色が美しく空を染めた。
B2 adjective /væst/

Vast

広大な; 巨大な; 広がる
Meaning
extremely large in size, amount, or extent; immense
Example
The vast ocean stretched endlessly to the horizon.
広大な海は地平線まで広がっていた。
B1 noun /ˈvoʊtɪŋ/

voting

投票
Meaning
the act of making a choice in an election or decision by casting a vote
Example
Voting is an important part of a democratic society.
投票は民主主義社会の重要な部分です。
A2 noun /vəˈkæbjʊləri/

vocabulary

語彙
Meaning
the set of words known and used by a person, group, or language; the words used in a particular field or subject
Example
Reading every day helps improve your vocabulary.
毎日読むことは語彙力を高めます。
C2 adjective /ˈvɛndɪbəl/

vendible

販売可能な
Meaning
Capable of being sold; marketable.
Example
Only vendible products were displayed at the trade fair.
販売可能な商品だけが展示会に出展されました。
C2 verb /ˈvɪʃieɪt/

vitiate

損なう
Meaning
to spoil, weaken, or make something less effective
Example
One careless remark can vitiate the entire argument.
一つの不注意なコメントが議論全体を損なう可能性がある。
C2 noun /vɪm/

vim

活力
Meaning
energy and enthusiasm
Example
She performed the dance with great vim and vigor.
彼女は大きな活力と熱意でダンスを披露しました。
B2 noun /ˈvæmpaɪər/

vampire

幸福
Meaning
a mythical creature that sucks blood from the living; metaphorically, a person who exploits others
Example
In folklore, a vampire rises at night to drink human blood.
彼女は賞を受け取ったとき、自分の幸福を隠すことができませんでした。
B1 noun /ˈvɪn.ɪ.ɡər/

Vinegar

酢
Meaning
a sour liquid made from fermented alcohol, used for cooking and preserving
Example
I added vinegar to the salad dressing for extra flavor.
私はサラダドレッシングにビネガーを加えて、味を増しました。
C2 noun /ˈvæləns/

valance

装飾用バランス
Meaning
A decorative drapery hung across the top of a window or bed.
Example
She chose a floral valance to match the curtains in her bedroom.
彼女は寝室のカーテンに合うように花柄のバランスを選びました。
C1 noun /ˈvenəm/

Venom

毒
Meaning
a poisonous substance secreted by animals such as snakes; extreme malice and bitterness
Example
The snake's venom can be deadly if not treated quickly.
ヘビの毒は、迅速に治療しないと致命的である可能性があります。
A2 verb /ˈvɪzɪtɪŋ/

visiting

訪問する
Meaning
Going to see and spend time with someone or at a place.
Example
The group is visiting islands during the expedition.
グループは探検中に島を訪問しています。
A1 noun /ˈvɪlɪdʒ/

village

村
Meaning
a small community or group of houses in a rural area
Example
They live in a small village surrounded by mountains.
彼らは山に囲まれた小さな村に住んでいます。
B1 adjective /ˈvɛəriəs/

Various

さまざまな; 多様な種類の
Meaning
several different; many different types of
Example
She has lived in various countries around the world.
彼女は世界中の様々な国で生活していました。
C1 noun /vəˈlɒs.ɪ.ti/

velocity

速度
Meaning
Speed or acceleration, the rate of movement of any object or vehicle.
Example
High velocity trains reduce travel time significantly.
高速鉄道は移動時間を大幅に短縮します。
C2 adjective /ˈvɪnsəbl/

vincible

打ち負かされる可能性がある
Meaning
capable of being overcome or defeated
Example
The enemy seemed vincible after losing their main base.
敵は主要基地を失った後、打ち負かされる可能性があった。
C1 adverb /ˈvælɪdli/

validly

有効に
Meaning
in a legally, logically, or officially acceptable manner
Example
The contract was validly signed by both parties.
契約は両当事者によって有効に署名されました。
B1 noun /ˈviː.ɪ.kəlz/

Vehicles

乗り物
Meaning
machines used for transporting people or goods from one place to another
Example
There are many different types of vehicles on the road today.
今日、道路にはさまざまな種類の乗り物があります。
B1 adjective /ˈvaɪə.lənt/

Violent

暴力的な; 攻撃的な
Meaning
using or involving physical force intended to hurt, damage, or kill; very forceful or powerful
Example
The violent storm caused significant damage to the coastal areas.
暴力的な嵐は沿岸地域に重大な損害を与えました。
C2 noun /viːˈnæləti/

venality

贈賄
Meaning
the quality of being open to bribery or corruption
Example
The scandal revealed the venality of several senior officials.
スキャンダルは、何人かの高官の贈賄を明らかにした。
C2 noun /ˌvɑːljəˈbɪləti/

volubility

おしゃべり
Meaning
The quality of talking fluently, readily, or incessantly.
Example
His volubility made him a successful radio host.
彼の話し好きは、彼を成功したラジオホストにしました。
C2 adjective /ˈvɛntrəl/

ventral

腹側の
Meaning
relating to the underside or abdominal part of an animal or organ
Example
The fish has a white ventral surface.
その魚は白い腹側の表面を持っています。
C2 noun /ˌvælədɪkˈtɔːriən/

valedictorian

最優秀学生
Meaning
The student with the highest academic achievements in a graduating class, often chosen to give the farewell speech.
Example
She was honored as the valedictorian of her class.
彼女はクラスの最優秀学生として表彰されました。
B2 noun /ˈvæn.ɪ.ti/

Vanity

虚栄心
Meaning
excessive pride in one's appearance or achievements; the quality of being worthless or pointless
Example
Her vanity made her spend hours looking at herself in the mirror.
彼女の虚栄心は、鏡の前で何時間も自分を見つめさせた。
C2 noun /ˈvɛstmənt/

vestment

宗教的な衣装
Meaning
a garment, especially a ceremonial or official robe worn during religious services
Example
The priest wore a golden vestment during the ceremony.
司祭は儀式中に金色の聖衣を着ていた。
C1 verb /veks/

vex

苛立たせる
Meaning
to annoy or frustrate someone; to cause trouble
Example
The constant noise from construction vexes the residents.
建設の絶え間ない音は住民を苛立たせる。
B2 noun /veɪn/

Vein

静脈; 血管
Meaning
a blood vessel that carries blood back to the heart; a streak or marking of a different color
Example
The nurse found a vein in his arm to draw blood.
看護師は彼の腕に血を取るための静脈を見つけました。
C1 noun /ˈveɪpəraɪzər/

vaporizer

ベイポライザー
Meaning
a device that turns a liquid into vapor, often for inhalation
Example
She used a vaporizer to ease her cough.
彼女は咳を和らげるためにベイポライザーを使いました。
B2 noun /ˌvʌl.nər.əˈbɪl.ə.ti/

vulnerability

脆弱性
Meaning
The quality or state of being exposed to the possibility of being attacked or harmed.
Example
Addressing vulnerability is crucial for stability.
脆弱性に取り組むことは、安定性にとって非常に重要です。
C2 adjective /ˈvɒl.jʊ.bəl/

Voluble

おしゃべりな; 多弁な
Meaning
speaking fluently and readily; talkative; having a continuous flow of words
Example
The voluble salesman talked for hours about his products.
おしゃべりなセールスマンは自分の製品について何時間も話し続けました。
C1 adjective /ˈvɑːlətl/

volatile

変動しやすい
Meaning
likely to change rapidly and unpredictably, especially for the worse
Example
The stock market is extremely volatile these days.
株式市場は最近非常に変動しやすいです。
C2 adjective /ˈvoʊlənt/

volant

飛べる
Meaning
able to fly or moving swiftly
Example
The volant bird soared gracefully across the sky.
その飛べる鳥は空を優雅に飛んでいました。
C1 noun /ˈvɜːrtɪˌɡoʊ/

vertigo

幸せ
Meaning
A sensation of spinning or dizziness, often caused by problems in the inner ear or brain.
Example
She felt a sudden vertigo when she looked down from the tall building.
彼女は賞を受け取ったとき、自分の幸せを隠すことができませんでした。
C2 noun /vɜːrv/

verve

活力
Meaning
Great enthusiasm, spirit, or energy in expression or performance.
Example
The actor performed his role with remarkable verve.
その俳優は素晴らしい活力で役を演じました。
B1 noun /ˈvæk.siːn/

Vaccine

ワクチン
Meaning
a substance that is put into the body to prevent a disease
Example
The COVID-19 vaccine has helped reduce severe illness.
COVID-19ワクチンは重篤な病気を減少させるのに役立っています。
A1 noun /ˈvedʒ.tə.bəlz/

Vegetables

野菜
Meaning
plants or parts of plants that are eaten as food, such as peas, beans, cabbage, potatoes, onions, or carrots
Example
We should eat more vegetables to maintain a healthy diet.
健康的な食事を維持するためにもっと野菜を食べるべきです。
C1 noun /ˈvælər/

valor

勇気
Meaning
Great courage in the face of danger, especially in battle.
Example
The soldier was honored for his valor during the war.
その兵士は戦争中の勇気で賞賛されました。
C2 verb /ˈvaʊtʃ.seɪf/

vouchsafe

授ける
Meaning
to grant or give something in a gracious or condescending manner
Example
He vouchsafed them a rare smile.
彼は彼らに珍しい笑顔を授けた。
B2 noun/verb ˈven.tʃər

venture

リスクのある事業、冒険、起業
Meaning
A risky or daring journey or undertaking; a business enterprise involving considerable risk.
Example
His new venture into e-commerce proved successful.
彼の新しい電子商取引のベンチャーは成功した。
B1 verb /ˈveri/

vary

変わる
Meaning
to change or differ; to make different
Example
The weather conditions vary throughout the day.
天気の状況は一日中変動します。
C2 verb /vɔːnt/

vaunt

Meaning
to boast or brag about something, especially in an excessive way
Example
He would often vaunt his achievements in front of his colleagues.
C1 noun /ˈvɛriəns/

variance

分散
Meaning
the state of being different or inconsistent; in statistics, a measure of the spread between numbers
Example
There is a wide variance in students' performance levels.
学生のパフォーマンスレベルには大きな分散があります。
C1 adjective /vɜːrˈboʊs/

verbose

冗長
Meaning
Using or expressed in more words than are needed; wordy.
Example
His verbose explanation confused the audience instead of clarifying the issue.
彼の冗長な説明は、問題を明確にするどころか、聴衆を混乱させました。
C2 noun /ˈvɜːrbiɪdʒ/

verbiage

冗長な言葉
Meaning
Excessive use of words, often with little content or meaning; wordiness.
Example
The contract was filled with unnecessary legal verbiage.
契約は不要な法的冗長な言葉で満たされていた。
B2 adjective /ˈvɒl.ən.tər.i/

Voluntary

自発的
Meaning
done willingly without being forced; given or done freely
Example
She made a voluntary donation to the charity.
彼女は慈善団体に自発的に寄付をしました。
C2 noun /ˈvaɪənd/

viand

珍味
Meaning
an item of food, especially a delicacy
Example
The banquet was filled with rich viands and wines.
晩餐会は豪華な珍味とワインで満たされていた。
B2 adjective /ˈvɜːrtɪkl/

vertical

垂直
Meaning
Standing or pointing straight up; perpendicular to the ground.
Example
The skyscraper has a perfectly vertical design.
その超高層ビルは完璧な垂直デザインを持っています。
B2 adjective /ˈvɪɡ.ər.əs/

vigorous

活発な
Meaning
Characterized by high energy and vitality.
Example
Regular exercise keeps the body vigorous and healthy.
定期的な運動は体を活発に保ち、健康にします。
B2 noun ˈvaɪtəl rɪˈsɔːrsɪz

vital resources

重要な資源
Meaning
Essential assets or supplies that are crucial for survival and development.
Example
Water is one of Bangladesh's vital resources.
水はバングラデシュの重要な資源の一つです。
C2 noun /voʊˈsɪfərəns/

vociferance

大声で叫ぶ
Meaning
the act of shouting or making a loud outcry
Example
The vociferance of the protesters filled the streets.
抗議者の叫び声が通りを満たした。
C1 noun ˌvɛn.əˈreɪ.ʃən

veneration

尊敬
Meaning
Great respect; reverence; the action of regarding with great respect or reverence.
Example
Many cultures show veneration for their ancestors.
多くの文化が祖先に対して尊敬を示します。
B1 adjective /ˈvaɪə.lət/

Violet

紫色
Meaning
of a bluish-purple color
Example
She wore a beautiful violet dress to the party.
彼女はパーティーに美しい紫色のドレスを着ていました。
C1 noun /ˈves.tɪdʒ/

Vestige

痕跡
Meaning
a trace or remnant of something that is disappearing or no longer exists
Example
No vestige of the ancient city remains.
古代の都市の痕跡は残っていません。
A2 noun /vɔɪs/

voice

声
Meaning
the sound produced by the vocal cords; the ability to speak or express oneself
Example
She has a beautiful voice that captivates the audience.
彼女には観客を魅了する美しい声があります。
C2 adjective /veɪnˈɡlɔːriəs/

vainglorious

うぬぼれた
Meaning
Excessively proud of oneself or one’s achievements; boastful.
Example
The vainglorious leader boasted about his minor achievements.
その自惚れたリーダーは自分の些細な成果を自慢していた。
C1 noun /ˈvɜː.tɪ.kəl ˈfɑː.mɪŋ/

vertical farming

垂直農業
Meaning
The practice of growing crops in vertically stacked layers, often incorporating controlled-environment agriculture.
Example
Vertical farming ensures maximum space utilization in urban areas.
垂直農業は都市部で最大のスペース活用を確保します。
C2 noun /ˌvɛəriəˈɡeɪʃən/

variegation

変色
Meaning
The appearance of differently colored zones in the leaves, flowers, or stems of plants.
Example
Variegation makes the foliage look more attractive.
変化は植物の葉をより魅力的に見せます。
C2 noun /ˌvæs.ɪˈleɪ.ʃən/

Vacillation

迷い
Meaning
the inability to decide between different opinions or actions; indecision
Example
His constant vacillation between career choices frustrated his parents.
彼のキャリア選択の間の絶え間ない揺れは、彼の親を困惑させました。
C1 noun /veɪl/

vale

谷
Meaning
A valley, often used in a poetic or literary sense.
Example
The village lay hidden in a quiet green vale.
村は静かな緑の谷に隠れていました。
C1 noun /ˈvendʒəns/

Vengeance

復讐
Meaning
punishment inflicted or retribution exacted for an injury or wrong; revenge
Example
He swore to seek vengeance against those who wronged him.
彼は自分を傷つけた者に復讐すると誓った。
C2 verb /ˈvæsɪleɪt/

vacillate

幸せ
Meaning
to waver between different opinions or actions; be indecisive
Example
He vacillated between studying law and becoming a writer.
彼女は賞を受け取ったとき、自分の幸せを隠すことができませんでした。
C2 noun /vərˈmɪl.jən/

Vermillion

鮮やかな赤橙色; この色の顔料
Meaning
a bright red-orange color; a pigment of this color
Example
The artist used vermillion paint for the sunset.
アーティストは夕焼けのためにヴァーミリオンペイントを使用しました。
B1 noun /ˈvɜːr.ʒən/

Version

バージョン; 形態; 物語
Meaning
a particular form or variation of something; an account of an event
Example
This is the latest version of the software.
これはソフトウェアの最新バージョンです。
B2 noun /vɜːrs/

verse

詩句
Meaning
A line of writing in poetry; a section of a song or poem.
Example
She wrote a beautiful verse for the wedding ceremony.
彼女は結婚式のために美しい詩句を書きました。
C2 noun /ˈvoʊkəbəl/

vocable

語彙
Meaning
a word, term, or sound that has meaning
Example
The dictionary contained thousands of vocables from different languages.
辞書には、さまざまな言語からの何千もの語彙が含まれていました。
B2 noun /ˈvɜː.tʃu.əl riˈæl.ɪ.ti/

virtual reality

仮想現実
Meaning
Computer technology that creates an artificial three-dimensional environment where users can feel like they are in a real environment.
Example
Virtual reality (VR) is widely used in gaming and training simulations.
仮想現実（VR）はゲームやトレーニングシミュレーションで広く使用されています。
C1 adverb/adjective /vɜːˈbeɪ.tɪm/

verbatim

文字通りまたは逐語的に
Meaning
In exactly the same words as were used originally; word for word repetition.
Example
She repeated his instructions verbatim to avoid errors.
彼女は誤りを避けるために彼の指示を文字通り繰り返しました。
B2 noun /veɪl/

Veil

ベール; マスク; 花嫁のベール;
Meaning
a piece of fine material worn to protect or conceal the face; something that conceals or disguises
Example
The bride wore a beautiful white veil during the ceremony.
花嫁は式の間に美しい白いベールを着ていました。
C2 adjective /ˈvæpɪd/

vapid

退屈な
Meaning
lacking liveliness, flavor, or interest; dull and uninspired
Example
The lecture was so vapid that half the audience fell asleep.
講義は退屈すぎて、観客の半分が寝てしまった。
B1 noun /ˌvɒl.ənˈtɪər/

Volunteer

ボランティア
Meaning
a person who freely offers to take part in an enterprise or undertake a task
Example
Many volunteers helped distribute food to the homeless.
多くのボランティアがホームレスに食べ物を配る手伝いをしました。
C2 adjective /vərˈmɪkjələr/

vermicular

ミミズのような
Meaning
having a shape or appearance like a worm; worm-like
Example
The artist used a vermicular design to decorate the border of the manuscript.
アーティストは手稿の縁をミミズのようなデザインで飾った。
B2 verb /ˈverɪfaɪ/

verify

確認する
Meaning
to check if something is true or correct; to confirm
Example
Please verify your email address before proceeding.
手続きを続ける前に、メールアドレスを確認してください。
C2 noun /vɛnˈdɪʃən/

vendition

販売
Meaning
The act of selling; sale.
Example
The auction was a formal vendition of the estate's assets.
オークションは不動産の資産の正式な販売でした。
C2 verb /vɪˈtjuːpəreɪt/

vituperate

酷評する
Meaning
To criticize harshly or abuse verbally.
Example
The politician was quick to vituperate his opponents during the debate.
政治家は討論中に相手をすぐに批判しました。
B2 noun /ˈven.juː/

Venue

会場
Meaning
a place where an event or activity takes place
Example
The wedding venue was beautifully decorated.
結婚式の会場は美しく飾られていました。
A2 noun /ˈvæk.juːm ˈkliː.nər/

Vaccum cleaner

掃除機
Meaning
an electrical appliance that uses suction to remove dirt and dust from carpets and floors
Example
She used the vacuum cleaner to clean the living room carpet.
彼女はリビングルームのカーペットを掃除機で掃除しました。
A2 noun /ˈvedʒtəbəl ɔɪl/

Vegetable oil

植物油
Meaning
Oil extracted from plants, seeds, or nuts used for cooking
Example
She heated vegetable oil in the pan before adding the vegetables.
彼女は野菜を加える前にフライパンで植物油を加熱しました。
C2 noun ˈvaɪ.və ˈvəʊs

viva voce

口頭試験
Meaning
An oral examination, typically for an academic qualification.
Example
Viva Voce tests communication skills.
Viva Voce テストはコミュニケーションスキルを評価します。
B2 noun /ˌvɛrɪfɪˈkeɪʃən/

verification

確認
Meaning
The process of establishing the truth, accuracy, or validity of something.
Example
The bank requires verification of identity before opening an account.
銀行は口座を開設する前に身分確認を求めます。
C1 noun /ˈvʌl.tʃər/

Vulture

ハゲワシ
Meaning
a large bird of prey that feeds mainly on carrion
Example
The vulture circled overhead, waiting for its prey.
ハゲワシは空を旋回しながら、その獲物を待っていました。
B2 adjective /ˈvɜː.tʃu.əl/

Virtual

バーチャル
Meaning
almost or nearly as described, but not completely or according to strict definition; existing in essence or effect, though not in fact
Example
The virtual meeting allowed participants from different countries to collaborate.
バーチャル会議は、さまざまな国からの参加者が協力することを可能にしました。
B2 noun /vaɪˈbreɪ.ʃən/

Vibration

振動
Meaning
a rapid back and forth movement; oscillation
Example
The phone's vibration woke me up.
電話の振動で目が覚めた。
C1 verb /ˈviːtoʊ/

veto

拒否する
Meaning
to reject or forbid a decision, proposal, or law
Example
The president decided to veto the new bill.
大統領は新しい法案に対してヴェトーを決定しました。
C1 noun /vəˈnɪər/

veneer

幸福
Meaning
A thin decorative covering of fine wood applied to a coarser wood or other material; a superficially attractive appearance.
Example
The table was covered with a thin veneer of mahogany.
彼女は賞を受け取ったとき、幸せを隠すことができませんでした。
C1 noun /vʌlˈɡær.ɪ.ti/

Vulgarity

下品さ
Meaning
the quality of being rude, offensive, or indecent; lack of sophistication or good taste
Example
The comedian's jokes were criticized for their vulgarity.
そのコメディアンのジョークは、彼らの下品さのために批判された。
C1 noun ˌvɒl.əˈtɪl.ɪ.ti

volatility

変動性
Meaning
Liability to change rapidly and unpredictably, especially for the worse; instability.
Example
The stock market's volatility makes investment risky.
株式市場の変動性は投資を危険にする。
B2 noun /vəˈlɪd.ɪ.ti/

Validity

有効性
Meaning
the quality of being legally or officially acceptable; the quality of being logically or factually sound
Example
The validity of the contract expires next month.
契約の有効性は来月に終了します。
C1 verb /ˈvɪn.dɪ.keɪt/

vindicate

弁明する
Meaning
To clear someone of blame or suspicion; to show or prove to be right, reasonable, or justified.
Example
The new evidence helped vindicate the wrongly accused man.
新しい証拠は、不当に告発された男性を弁明するのに役立ちました。
B1 preposition /ˈvaɪə/ or /ˈviːə/

via

経由で
Meaning
through, by way of, or using a particular route or means
Example
She sent the documents via email.
彼女はメールを通じて書類を送った。
B2 noun /vɒlˈkæn.ɪk ɪˈrʌp.ʃən/

volcanic eruption

火山の噴火
Meaning
The discharge of lava, ash, and gases from a volcano.
Example
The volcanic eruption covered the town in ash.
火山の噴火で町が灰に覆われた。
B2 verb /ˈvæksɪneɪt/

vaccinate

ワクチン接種
Meaning
to give a vaccine to protect against a disease
Example
Children are usually vaccinated before starting school.
子供たちは通常、学校に行く前にワクチン接種を受けます。
C1 verb /ˈvɛnəˌreɪt/

venerate

敬う
Meaning
to regard with great respect; revere
Example
People venerate saints for their holiness.
人々はその聖性のために聖人を敬う。
B2 noun /ˈvel.vɪt/

Velvet

ベルベット
Meaning
a soft, luxurious fabric with a thick, short pile on one side
Example
The royal curtains were made of rich red velvet.
ロイヤルカーテンは豊かな赤いベルベットで作られていました。
C2 noun /ˈvɪtəlz/

victuals

食料
Meaning
Food or provisions, especially for human consumption.
Example
The travelers packed enough victuals for their long journey.
旅行者たちは長い旅のために十分な食料を詰め込みました。
C1 noun /vərˈnækjələr/

vernacular

方言
Meaning
the language or dialect spoken by ordinary people in a particular region
Example
He gave his speech in the local vernacular so everyone could understand.
彼は地元の方言でスピーチをしたので、誰でも理解できました。