C2 adjective /kwaɪˈesnt/

Quiescent

Meaning

quiet; peaceful; inactive; dormant; at rest

Example

The volcano has been quiescent for over a century.

B2 noun ˈsəʊ.ʃəl ˈdʒʌs.tɪs

social justice

Meaning

Justice in terms of the distribution of wealth, opportunities, and privileges within a society.

Example

Social justice ensures equality of opportunity.

B1 noun /ˈɔːfɪsər/

officer

Meaning

a person in a position of authority, especially in law enforcement

Example

The officer gave him a ticket for speeding.

B1 noun /səˈlɛbrɪti/

celebrity

Meaning

a famous person, especially in entertainment or sports

Example

The celebrity was surrounded by fans at the airport.

C2 noun /laʊt/

lout

Meaning

An uncouth or aggressive man or boy.

Example

The drunken lout caused a scene at the party.

A1 modal verb/noun /maɪt/

might

Meaning

used to express possibility; power or strength

Example

She might come to the party if she finishes work early.

C2 verb /ˈædjʊˌleɪt/

adulate

Meaning

to praise or flatter excessively

Example

The fans adulated the actor after his performance.

C2 adjective /ˈbɛərˌfeɪst/

barefaced

Meaning

shameless and undisguised; openly bold or unashamed

Example

He told a barefaced lie in front of everyone.

C1 noun /səˈlɪləkwi/

soliloquy

Meaning

a speech in which a character talks to themselves, often used in drama to reveal inner thoughts

Example

Hamlet's soliloquy is one of the most famous passages in Shakespearean drama.

B2 noun /hɔːk/

Hawk

Meaning

a bird of prey with broad wings and strong talons used for hunting

Example

The hawk soared high above the field hunting for prey.

B2 noun /ˈbɒtəni/

botany

Meaning

the scientific study of plants

Example

She is studying botany at the university.

A2 noun /skɪl/

skill

Meaning

the ability to do something well through training or experience

Example

Her skill in painting impressed everyone.

B2 noun /jɔːn/

Yawn

Meaning

an involuntary opening of the mouth and inhalation of air due to tiredness or boredom

Example

She couldn't suppress a yawn during the boring lecture.

C2 noun /wɛlp/

whelp

Meaning

a young offspring of a dog or other carnivorous mammal; sometimes used to mean an impudent young person

Example

The farmer found a wolf whelp hiding near the barn.

B2 noun /ˈsiː.mən/

Seaman

Meaning

a person who works on a ship; sailor

Example

The experienced seaman navigated the ship through the storm.

C2 noun /ˈkʌstərd ˈæpəl/

Custard Apple

Meaning

a tropical fruit with sweet creamy white flesh and black seeds

Example

The custard apple has a sweet and creamy texture.

A2 adjective /ˈdɪdʒ.ɪ.təl/

digital

Meaning

Relating to, using, or storing data or information in the form of digital signals; involving or relating to the use of computer technology.

Example

The world is shifting towards a digital economy.

C1 adjective /əˈwɒʃ/

awash

Meaning

covered or flooded with water or something in large quantities

Example

The market was awash with cheap imported goods.

C1 noun, verb /ˈfɛrɪt/

ferret

Meaning

a small domesticated animal used for hunting; to search or uncover something persistently

Example

He ferreted out the hidden documents.

B2 noun /ˈmɪsaɪl/ or /ˈmɪsəl/

missile

Meaning

a weapon that is self-propelled and directed toward a target

Example

The army launched a missile towards the enemy base.

C2 adjective, adverb /ˈsaɪdlɔːŋ/

sidelong

Meaning

Directed to the side; indirect, furtive, or not straightforward.

Example

She gave him a sidelong glance across the room.

C1 noun /ˈmɒnəˌlɒɡ/

monologue

Meaning

A long speech by one person, often in a play or performance.

Example

The actor delivered a powerful monologue on stage.

B2 verb /ˈmɑː.vəl/

marvel

Meaning

To be filled with wonder or astonishment.

Example

People marvel at their surroundings.

B2 noun /fɪˈzɪʃən/

physician

Meaning

a person qualified to practice medicine; a doctor

Example

The physician prescribed some medicine to treat the condition.

B2 noun /ˈsleɪvəri/

slavery

Meaning

the system or state of being owned and forced to work for someone else

Example

Slavery was abolished in most countries in the 19th century.

B1 noun /ˈhɪr.ɪŋ/

Hearing

Meaning

the faculty of perceiving sounds; a session in which testimony and arguments are heard

Example

The elderly man's hearing had deteriorated, so he needed to wear a hearing aid.

B2 noun /twɪɡ/

twig

Meaning

a small thin branch of a tree or bush

Example

She broke a twig off the tree to use as a stick.

B2 noun /ˈdeɪtəbeɪs/

database

Meaning

a structured collection of data stored and accessed electronically

Example

The company's customer details are stored in a secure database.

C1 verb /ˈswɛltər/

swelter

Meaning

to suffer from intense heat

Example

We began to swelter in the midday sun.

C1 verb ˈlæŋ.ɡwɪʃ

languish

Meaning

To remain in a state of neglect or decline for a long time without improvement.

Example

The project began to languish due to a lack of funding.

B2 noun /træŋˈkwɪləti/

tranquility

Meaning

the quality or state of being calm and peaceful

Example

He enjoyed the tranquility of the countryside.

C1 noun /ˈɔːrdɪnəns/

ordinance

Meaning

An authoritative rule, law, or decree issued by a city, town, or authority.

Example

The city council passed an ordinance banning smoking in public parks.

B1 adverb /səkˈsɛsfəli/

successfully

Meaning

in a way that achieves a desired result

Example

She passed the exam successfully after weeks of studying.

B2 noun /əkˈsɛsəri/

accessory

Meaning

a thing which can be added to something else to make it more useful, versatile, or attractive; a person who assists in committing a crime

Example

She bought some stylish accessories for her new phone.

B1 verb /ˈɛmfəˌsaɪz/

emphasize

Meaning

to give special importance or attention to something

Example

The teacher emphasized the importance of homework.

B1 noun/verb /ˈkɒmplɪmənt/

compliment

Meaning

a polite expression of praise or admiration; to politely praise someone

Example

She complimented him on his excellent presentation.

B2 noun /dɪsˈɡaɪz/

Disguise

Meaning

a means of altering one's appearance to conceal one's identity; something that hides the truth

Example

The spy wore an elaborate disguise to avoid being recognized by enemies.

C2 adjective /ˈbaɪ.fərˌkeɪ.tɪd/

bifurcated

Meaning

Divided into two branches or parts.

Example

The river became bifurcated as it flowed around the island.

C2 verb /sweɪð/

swathe

Meaning

To wrap or cover closely or completely.

Example

She swathed the baby in a soft blanket.

C2 adjective /ˈdʒɜːrmɪnəl/

germinal

Meaning

Relating to the earliest stage of development.

Example

The idea was still in its germinal stage.

B2 noun /məˈskiː.toʊ net/

Mosquito-net

Meaning

a fine mesh fabric used to cover beds or windows to keep mosquitoes and other insects out

Example

We use a mosquito net to protect ourselves from insect bites.

B1 noun prəˈpoʊzəl

proposal

Meaning

A plan or suggestion, especially a formal or written one, put forward for consideration or discussion by others.

Example

The proposal was not sustained.

A1 adjective, adverb, verb /ˈbɛtər/

better

Meaning

of a more excellent or effective type or quality; to surpass or improve

Example

He felt better after taking the medicine.

A1 verb /raɪt/

write

Meaning

to mark letters, words, or symbols on a surface

Example

I write letters to my grandmother every month.

C1 verb /ˌriːˈvæmp/

revamp

Meaning

To give a new and improved form, structure, or appearance to something.

Example

The company decided to revamp its website for a modern look.

C2 noun /ˈbæs.tərd tiːk/

Bastard teak

Meaning

A flowering tree with bright orange-red flowers, also known as flame of the forest

Example

The bastard teak tree blooms with vibrant orange flowers in spring.

B1 verb /rɪd/

rid

Meaning

to remove or get rid of something

Example

I need to rid the house of all the clutter.

A1 noun /kaʊ/

Cow

Meaning

a large farm animal kept for milk or meat

Example

The cow produces fresh milk every morning.

C2 adjective /ˈfʊl.səm/

fulsome

Meaning

Excessively flattering or insincere; abundant or generous in amount.

Example

He offered fulsome praise to his boss.

C2 noun /paɪər/

pyre

Meaning

A heap of combustible material, especially one used for burning a corpse as part of a funeral ceremony.

Example

The villagers built a pyre to honor the deceased.

C1 noun /ˈfiː.nɪks/

phoenix

Meaning

a mythical bird that is reborn from its ashes; symbol of immortality or renewal

Example

The legend says the phoenix rises from its ashes every 500 years.

B1 noun /dɪˈfens/

Defence

Meaning

the action of defending from or resisting attack; protection or support

Example

The country strengthened its defence system against potential threats.

C1 adjective /hjuːˈmeɪn/

humane

Meaning

Showing compassion or benevolence.

Example

The doctor provided humane treatment to the injured animals.

C1 verb /ʌpˈruːt/

uproot

Meaning

To pull something out of the ground; to remove or displace completely.

Example

They uprooted the old tree from the garden.

B2 adjective /ˈfeɪvərəbəl/

favorable

Meaning

expressing approval or support; advantageous

Example

The weather conditions were favorable for the outdoor event.

B1 adjective /ˈblʌdi/

bloody

Meaning

covered in, involving, or containing blood; also used informally for emphasis in British English.

Example

The soldier returned from battle with a bloody arm.

C1 noun /ˌkɒnfləˈɡreɪʃən/

conflagration

Meaning

A large, destructive fire that destroys a great deal of land or property.

Example

The forest was devastated by a massive conflagration that lasted for days.

C2 verb /ˌkɒntrəˈvɜːrt/

controvert

Meaning

to dispute or argue against; to contradict

Example

The scientist controversed the previous research findings.

B2 noun /ˌkɒn.tɪˈnjuː.ɪ.ti/

continuity

Meaning

the state of being continuous or connected; consistency over time

Example

Maintaining continuity in leadership is essential for organizational stability.

B2 verb /əˈpoʊz/

oppose

Meaning

to disagree with or resist; to act against

Example

Many citizens oppose the new tax policy.

C2 adjective /pɪˈskætɔːrɪəl/

piscatorial

Meaning

relating to fishing or fishermen

Example

He has a deep knowledge of piscatorial techniques and fish species.

B2 noun /ˈdɛpjʊti/

deputy

Meaning

A person appointed as a substitute with power to act.

Example

The deputy will lead the meeting in the manager’s absence.

B2 noun ˈrɛstɪŋ pleɪs

resting place

Meaning

A place where someone or something rests, especially a burial site.

Example

The resting place of the martyrs is near the river.

C1 noun /ˈpɛsəl/

pestle

Meaning

A heavy tool with a rounded end used for crushing or grinding substances in a mortar.

Example

She used a pestle to grind the spices.

C1 noun /ˈhɔːl.mɑːrk/

hallmark

Meaning

a typical characteristic or feature of someone or something

Example

Honesty is the hallmark of a good leader.

C2 adjective /ˈvæpɪd/

vapid

Meaning

lacking liveliness, flavor, or interest; dull and uninspired

Example

The lecture was so vapid that half the audience fell asleep.

A1 adverb /tuː/

too

Meaning

to a higher degree than is desirable, permissible, or possible

Example

She is too tired to continue working.

B1 adjective /ʃeɪpt/

shaped

Meaning

having a particular form or appearance

Example

The sculpture was shaped like a human figure.

B2 noun /dɪˈsep.ʃən/

Deception

Meaning

the action of deceiving someone; the state of being deceived

Example

The magician's deception amazed the audience with seemingly impossible tricks.

C2 noun /ˈdɔɪən/

doyen

Meaning

The most respected or prominent person in a particular field.

Example

He is regarded as the doyen of modern literature in the country.

C1 noun /ˌdev.əˈtiː/

Devotee

Meaning

a person who is very interested in and enthusiastic about someone or something

Example

As a devotee of classical music, she attended every concert in the city.

B2 noun /təˈreɪn/

terrain

Meaning

a stretch of land, especially with regard to its physical features

Example

The soldiers had to cross rough terrain during the mission.

C2 noun /ˈɑːbəlɪsk/

obelisk

Meaning

A tall, four-sided, narrow tapering monument with a pyramid-shaped top.

Example

The ancient Egyptians built obelisks to honor their gods.

C2 adjective /ˈnaɪt.li/

Knightly

Meaning

having the characteristics of a knight; chivalrous; noble and brave

Example

He showed knightly courage in defending the innocent.

C2 adverb /ˌeɪˈmɔːrəli/

amorally

Meaning

In a way that shows no concern about whether behavior is morally right or wrong.

Example

He acted amorally, ignoring the consequences of his actions.

B1 adverb /ˈhoʊpfəli/

hopefully

Meaning

in a hopeful manner; expressing hope or optimism

Example

Hopefully, the weather will be nice tomorrow.

B2 noun /ˈsɪnθɪsɪs/

synthesis

Meaning

The combination of ideas to form a theory or system.

Example

The synthesis of ideas from multiple perspectives led to innovation.

A1 verb /set/

set

Meaning

to put or place something in a position; to establish

Example

She set the book on the table.

B2 noun /ˌek.spekˈteɪ.ʃən/

Expectation

Meaning

a strong belief that something will happen or be the case; anticipation

Example

The new teacher exceeded everyone's expectations with her innovative teaching methods.

B2 noun ˈlænd.mɑːk

landmark

Meaning

An object or feature of a landscape or town that is easily seen and recognized from a distance; an important stage or turning point.

Example

The space restaurant is a landmark in innovation.

B1 adjective ˈkrɪtɪkəl

critical

Meaning

Extremely important; at a point of crisis or urgency.

Example

Addressing critical issues in education is imperative.

C1 adjective /ɪnˈstɪŋk.tɪv/

instinctive

Meaning

Based on instinct; done without conscious thought; natural and automatic.

Example

His instinctive reaction saved his life.

C1 noun /koʊlt/

Colt

Meaning

a young male horse, especially one under four years old

Example

The farmer trained the young colt to accept a saddle.

B1 noun /ˈmɪk.sər/

Mixer

Meaning

an electric kitchen appliance used for mixing, beating, and whipping ingredients

Example

The chef used a mixer to prepare the cake batter.

C1 adjective /ˌloʊ ˈspɪrɪtɪd/

low-spirited

Meaning

feeling sad, depressed, or lacking enthusiasm

Example

He felt low-spirited after hearing the bad news.

A2 verb /tʃɪər/

cheer

Meaning

to shout in encouragement or support; to make someone feel happier

Example

The fans cheered loudly when their team scored a goal.

A2 noun /ədˈvɜːrtɪsmənt/

Loop

C2 noun /breɪ/

brae

Meaning

A hillside or slope, especially in Scotland.

Example

They climbed up the grassy brae to see the sunset.

B1 verb /kənˈsuːm/

consume

Meaning

to eat or drink; to use up; to destroy completely

Example

We consume a lot of water during summer.

B2 noun/verb /eɪp/

ape

Meaning

a large primate similar to a monkey but without a tail; as a verb, to imitate or mimic

Example

Children often ape the behavior of adults.

C1 verb /ˌriːˈtʌtʃ/

retouch

Meaning

To improve or repair a picture, photograph, or image by making small changes.

Example

The photographer retouched the image to remove blemishes.

C2 adjective /ˈdʒes.tɪŋ/

Jesting

Meaning

joking or teasing in a playful manner

Example

He was only jesting when he said he would quit his job.

B2 verb /flɜːrt/

flirt

Meaning

to behave as if you are attracted to someone, but not in a serious way

Example

She often flirts with her colleagues at work.

B2 noun /ˈdɛltə/

delta

Meaning

A landform at the mouth of a river where it splits into several outlets.

Example

The Nile Delta is one of the most fertile regions in Egypt.

B2 adjective /ˈbaɪəst/

Biased

Meaning

showing prejudice for or against someone or something unfairly

Example

The judge was accused of being biased against the defendant.

C1 noun /ˈstændˌstɪl/

standstill

Meaning

a situation in which all movement or activity stops

Example

The traffic came to a standstill after the accident.

C2 adjective /ˈfrɛtfəl/

fretful

Meaning

Feeling or showing distress or irritation.

Example

The baby was fretful all night and could not sleep.

C1 adjective /ˌɛpɪˈsɒdɪk/

episodic

Meaning

Happening occasionally or in separate parts; related to episodes.

Example

Her interest in art was episodic, coming and going over the years.

B1 noun rɪˈsɜː.tʃəz

researchers

Meaning

People who study and investigate to discover new information or facts.

Example

Researchers are working on innovative solutions.

B1 noun /ˈlaɪf.staɪl/

lifestyle

Meaning

The way in which a person or group lives, including habits, attitudes, and possessions.

Example

A healthy lifestyle includes regular exercise and a balanced diet.

C1 noun /ˈfɔːrˌrʌnər/

forerunner

Meaning

A person or thing that comes before another; a predecessor or harbinger.

Example

The Wright brothers were the forerunners of modern aviation.

C2 noun /dæmˈneɪ.ʃən/

Damnation

Meaning

condemnation to eternal punishment in hell; something that causes ruin or failure

Example

The preacher spoke about salvation and damnation in his sermon.

C2 verb /leɪv/

lave

Meaning

To wash or bathe.

Example

She laved her face with cool water.

C1 adjective /ɪˈrɛfjʊtəbəl/

Irrefutable

Meaning

impossible to deny or disprove; undeniable

Example

The evidence against him was irrefutable.

C2 noun /ˌklɛptəˈmeɪniæk/

kleptomaniac

Meaning

A person with an irresistible urge to steal, typically without need or profit.

Example

The kleptomaniac was caught shoplifting again.

B2 noun /ˌklæsɪfɪˈkeɪʃən/

classification

Meaning

the action or process of classifying something into groups based on shared characteristics.

Example

The classification of animals helps in understanding their biology.

C2 noun /ˌiː.mɛnˈdeɪ.ʃən/

emendation

Meaning

a correction or improvement made to a text

Example

The article required several emendations before it was ready for print.

C2 adjective /ˈrɛɡnənt/

regnant

Meaning

Reigning; currently holding power, authority, or dominance.

Example

The regnant queen introduced several reforms during her reign.

A2 noun ˈsaɪəns

science

Meaning

The intellectual and practical activity encompassing the systematic study of the structure and behaviour of the physical and natural world through observation and experiment.

Example

Science continues to explore the unknown.

B1 verb /pərˈmɪt/

permit

Meaning

to allow or give permission; to make possible

Example

The teacher permits students to use calculators during the exam.

C2 adjective /ˈprɪɡɪʃ/

priggish

Meaning

self-righteously moralistic and superior

Example

He came across as priggish when correcting everyone's manners.

C2 noun /bəˈθɪm.ə.tri/

bathymetry

Meaning

The measurement of depth of water in oceans, seas, or lakes.

Example

Bathymetry is essential for understanding oceanic topography.

C2 verb /ˈbraʊˌbiːt/

browbeat

Meaning

To intimidate or bully someone into doing something

Example

The lawyer tried to browbeat the witness.

C1 noun /brəˈzɪər/

Brassiere

Meaning

a woman's undergarment designed to support the breasts

Example

She bought a comfortable brassiere for daily wear.

C1 noun /ˈprɒspɛktər/

prospector

Meaning

a person who searches for mineral deposits, especially gold

Example

The prospector spent years in the mountains searching for gold.

B2 noun /ˈɑːrkaɪvz/

deterioration

Meaning

The process of becoming progressively worse; decline in quality, condition, or strength.

Example

Poor maintenance leads to material deterioration.

B2 noun /ˌfiː.ɑːnˈseɪ/

Fiance

Meaning

a man who is engaged to be married

Example

Sarah introduced her fiance to her parents during the family dinner.

C1 noun njuːˈtræl.ə.ti

neutrality

Meaning

The state of not supporting or helping either side in a conflict, disagreement, etc.; impartiality.

Example

Neutrality fosters trust in decision-making.

C2 noun /rɪˈfɛkʃən/

refection

Meaning

a meal or the act of taking food and drink

Example

The monks gathered for their evening refection.