B2 noun
C2 adjective /ˈæprəbəˌtɔːri/
approbatory
Meaning
expressing approval or praise
Example
The teacher gave an approbatory nod after reading the essay.
B1 noun /ˈpeɪstri/
pastry
Meaning
a baked food product made from flour, fat, and water, often sweet or savory
Example
I bought a box of fresh pastries for breakfast.
C2 adjective /ˈpæsɪbəl/
passible
Meaning
capable of feeling or suffering; susceptible to sensation or emotion (often theological)
Example
In some traditions, deities are described as passible, sharing human emotions.
B2 noun /ˈtʃer.i ˌblɒs.əm/
Cherry Blossom
Meaning
the pink or white flowers of a cherry tree that bloom in spring
Example
The cherry blossoms bloom beautifully in April.
C2 noun dɪsˈbɜːs.mənt
disbursement
Meaning
The payment of money from a fund.
Example
The company's disbursement of salaries was delayed.
B2 noun /əˈstɒnɪʃmənt/
astonishment
Meaning
Great surprise or amazement.
Example
She looked at the magician with astonishment.
C1 noun /hjuːˈmɪl.ɪ.ti/
humility
Meaning
The quality of having a modest or low view of one's importance.
Example
She accepted the award with grace and humility.
C2 noun /ˈhɔːzər/
hawser
Meaning
A thick rope or cable used in mooring or towing a ship.
Example
The sailors secured the ship to the dock with a heavy hawser.
A2 adjective /blaɪnd/
blind
Meaning
Unable to see because of injury, disease, or a congenital condition.
Example
He has been blind since birth.
B2 noun /ˌtɜːrmɪˈneɪʃən/
termination
Meaning
the act of ending something or the state of being ended
Example
The termination of the contract caused financial loss.
B2 noun /ˈhɔːrmoʊn/
hormone
Meaning
a chemical substance produced in the body that influences how the body grows or functions
Example
Insulin is a hormone that controls blood sugar levels.
B2 adjective /ˈkɒn.trər.i/
Contrary
Meaning
opposite in nature, direction, or meaning; completely different
Example
Contrary to popular belief, cats can be very social animals.
C2 noun /ˈskɜː.vi/
scurvy
Meaning
A disease caused by a deficiency of vitamin C, leading to weakness, gum disease, and bleeding.
Example
Sailors often suffered from scurvy during long sea voyages without fresh fruits.
C2 noun /əˈnæb.ə.lɪ.zəm/
anabolism
Meaning
The set of metabolic pathways that construct molecules from smaller units, involving tissue repair and growth.
Example
Anabolism is essential for muscle growth and tissue repair.
C1 verb /skʌlpt/
sculpt
Meaning
to create or shape something by carving or molding
Example
The artist sculpted a beautiful statue from marble.
C2 noun /kɒŋk/
Conck
Meaning
a shell, especially a large spiral one used as a horn or for decoration
Example
The priest blew the conch shell to signal the start of the ceremony.
C2 noun /ˈpɑːrləns/
parlance
Meaning
a particular way of speaking or using words, common to a group
Example
In legal parlance, the term has a different meaning.
B2 noun /ˈmɛtəfɔːr/
metaphor
Meaning
A figure of speech in which a word or phrase is applied to something to which it is not literally applicable.
Example
Time is a thief is a common metaphor for how quickly life passes.
B2 noun /ˈfjʊr.i/
Fury
Meaning
wild or violent anger; extreme intensity of emotion or activity
Example
His fury was evident when he discovered someone had stolen his bicycle.
C1 adjective /ˈlɑːpˌsaɪdɪd/
lopsided
Meaning
with one side lower, larger, or different from the other; uneven or imbalanced
Example
The cake looked lopsided after being decorated in a hurry.
C2 adjective /fəˈloʊniəs/
felonious
Meaning
relating to or involved in serious criminal activity
Example
He was charged with felonious assault after the incident.
C2 noun /voʊˈsɪfərəns/
vociferance
Meaning
the act of shouting or making a loud outcry
Example
The vociferance of the protesters filled the streets.
B1 noun /ˈtʃæn.əl/
Channel
Meaning
a television or radio station; a passage for water or other liquids; a means of communication
Example
The news channel provided live coverage of the important event.
B1 noun /ˈdʒuː.ni.ər/
Junior
Meaning
a person who is younger or lower in rank than someone else; relating to young people
Example
The junior employee was eager to learn from senior colleagues.
B1 noun /ˈmɛtəl/
metal
Meaning
A solid material that is typically hard, shiny, malleable, fusible, and conductive, such as iron, gold, or aluminum.
Example
The ring was made of precious metal.
C1 adjective /mɪˈrækjələs/
Miraculous
Meaning
supernatural; amazing; extraordinary
Example
Her miraculous recovery amazed all the doctors.
C1 adjective /ˈrez.ə.luːt/
Resolute
Meaning
determined; having a firm decision; unwavering
Example
She remained resolute in her decision to pursue her dreams.
C1 adjective /ˈskeɪðɪŋ/
scathing
Meaning
severely critical; harshly scornful
Example
The critic wrote a scathing review of the movie.
B1 adjective /ˈæk.jə.rət/
Accurate
Meaning
correct, exact, and without any mistakes
Example
The weather forecast was completely accurate.
A2 adjective /ˈθɜːr.sti/
Thirsty
Meaning
feeling a need to drink; having a strong desire for something
Example
I am very thirsty after running in the heat.
C1 noun /ˈmeɪniə/
Mania
Meaning
Mental illness marked by periods of great excitement; extreme enthusiasm
Example
She had a mania for collecting vintage postcards from around the world.
B1 noun /ˈjʌŋstər/
Youngster
Meaning
a young person; a child or teenager; someone who is young in experience
Example
The youngster showed great talent in sports.
B1 verb/noun /ˈdiːkriːs/ (noun), /dɪˈkriːs/ (verb)
decrease
Meaning
To become or make something smaller or fewer in number, amount, or degree.
Example
The population of the town has decreased over the years.
C2 noun ˈfaɪ.təʊˌnjuː.tri.ənt
phytonutrient
Meaning
Chemical compounds produced by plants that are beneficial to human health but not essential nutrients.
Example
Broccoli is rich in phytonutrients that enhance immunity.
B2 adjective /ˈstraɪkɪŋ/
striking
Meaning
very noticeable or impressive in appearance or effect
Example
Her striking beauty caught everyone's attention.
A1 noun /ˈdʒænjuˌɛri/
january
Meaning
the first month of the year in the Gregorian calendar
Example
January is often the coldest month of the year.
B2 verb /ˈhezɪteɪt/
hesitate
Meaning
to pause before acting; to be uncertain about what to do
Example
Don't hesitate to ask for help.
C1 noun /krəˈvæs/
crevasse
Meaning
a deep crack in a glacier or the earth’s surface
Example
The climbers carefully crossed the icy crevasse.
C2 adjective /ˈɛrənt/
errant
Meaning
behaving wrongly or straying from the proper course or standards
Example
The teacher disciplined the errant student.
C2 verb /bɪˈleɪbər/
belabor
Meaning
to argue or elaborate on a subject in excessive detail; to attack verbally or physically
Example
The professor belabored the point until the students grew restless.
A1 adjective /dɪr/
dear
Meaning
loved or cherished; sometimes used as a polite form of address
Example
She is very dear to her grandparents.
C1 verb /skrɔːl/
scrawl
Meaning
to write or draw something quickly and carelessly, making it hard to read
Example
He scrawled his signature at the bottom of the page.
A2 noun /dɪˈzɜːrt/
dessert
Meaning
the sweet course eaten at the end of a meal
Example
We had ice cream for dessert after dinner.
B1 noun /stiːl/
steel
Meaning
a strong, hard metal made of iron and carbon
Example
The building was made from steel to ensure its durability.
B1 verb /dɪˈnaɪ/
deny
Meaning
to refuse to accept or admit something; to declare something untrue
Example
He denied stealing the money.
C1 noun /ˈskælpəl/
scalpel
Meaning
A small and extremely sharp bladed instrument used for surgery and dissection.
Example
The surgeon carefully used a scalpel to make the first incision.
C2 noun /ˈsʌfrədʒɪst/
suffragist
Meaning
a person advocating the extension of suffrage, especially to women
Example
The suffragists organized rallies to demand voting rights for women.
B2 noun /hʌt/
hut
Meaning
a small simple shelter or house
Example
They lived in a small wooden hut near the river.
C1 noun /ˈboʊ.ə/
Boa
Meaning
a large non-venomous snake that kills prey by constriction
Example
The boa constrictor wrapped around its prey.
C1 verb /ˈpɜːrkəleɪt/
percolate
Meaning
To filter gradually through a porous surface or substance; to spread slowly.
Example
The rainwater percolated through the soil into the groundwater.
C2 noun /ˈfɒpəri/
foppery
Meaning
Foolish or excessive concern with one's appearance or manners; pretentious behavior.
Example
His obsession with fashion was dismissed as mere foppery.
C1 noun /ˈdaɪhɑːrd/
diehard
Meaning
A person who strongly resists change and remains loyal to a belief or cause.
Example
He is a diehard fan of classic rock music.
A2 noun /ˈlæd.ər/
Ladder
Meaning
a structure consisting of two upright parallel sides connected by rungs, used for climbing up or down
Example
He climbed the ladder to reach the books on the top shelf.
C2 noun /ˌspoʊliˈeɪʃən/
spoliation
Meaning
The act of destroying or ruining something, often evidence or property.
Example
The court punished the company for the spoliation of evidence.
C2 noun /ɔːrˈθɑːɡrəfi/
orthography
Meaning
The conventional spelling system of a language.
Example
English orthography can be confusing for learners.
C1 noun /ˈkælɪbər/
caliber
Meaning
The quality of someone's ability or character; the internal diameter of a gun barrel.
Example
The university attracts students of high caliber.
C1 noun /traɪˈbjuːnəl/
tribunal
Meaning
a court of justice or body established to settle disputes
Example
The case was heard in an international tribunal.
B2 noun /kɔːrd/
cord
Meaning
a long, thin, flexible string or rope
Example
He tied the package with a strong cord.
B2 noun /rʌʃ/
Rush
Meaning
a sudden quick movement toward something; a period of great activity or demand; hurry
Example
There was a rush to buy tickets for the concert.
C1 adjective /ˈtɑːrdi/
tardy
Meaning
Delayed; arriving or happening late.
Example
The student received a warning for being tardy to class.
B1 noun /bɪˈheɪvjər/
behavior
Meaning
The way in which one acts or conducts oneself, especially toward others.
Example
The teacher praised her good behavior in class.
C1 noun /ˌdep.rɪˈveɪ.ʃən/
deprivation
Meaning
The damaging lack of material benefits considered to be basic necessities in a society.
Example
Sleep deprivation affects cognitive function.
A2 verb, noun /drɒp/
drop
Meaning
to let something fall; a small quantity of liquid
Example
Be careful not to drop your phone.
C2 noun /laɪər/
lyre
Meaning
a stringed musical instrument of ancient Greece
Example
The musician played a melody on the lyre.
C1 verb /rɒmp/
romp
Meaning
to play or move in a lively, carefree, and energetic way
Example
The children romped happily in the garden.
C1 adjective /ˈboʊɡəs/
bogus
Meaning
false, fake, or not genuine
Example
The police arrested him for using a bogus ID card.
B2 adverb /ɪmˈpɒlɪtli/
impolitely
Meaning
in a rude or discourteous manner; without showing respect or proper manners
Example
He spoke impolitely to the waiter despite the polite service.
C1 noun /sɔɪl ˈmæn.ɪdʒ.mənt/
soil management
Meaning
The application of operations, practices, and treatments to protect soil and enhance its performance.
Example
Proper soil management improves long-term agricultural productivity.
C1 noun ˈsɛlf pəˈzɪʃən
self-possession
Meaning
The quality of being calm and confident and in control of one's emotions; composure.
Example
His self-possession during the crisis was remarkable.
C1 adjective /ˈroʊ.ɡɪʃ/
Roguish
Meaning
mischievous; playfully dishonest
Example
His roguish smile suggested he was up to some mischief.
A1 preposition /fɔːr/
for
Meaning
used to indicate purpose, destination, or recipient
Example
This gift is for you.
C2 verb /ɪnˈtræp/
entrap
Meaning
To catch or trick someone into a difficult situation.
Example
The police tried to entrap the criminal with false evidence.
C1 verb /ˈsætʃəˌreɪt/
saturate
Meaning
to fill completely with something until no more can be absorbed
Example
The heavy rain saturated the ground within minutes.
C2 noun /ˈsteɪtkraft/
statecraft
Meaning
The art of governing and managing state affairs effectively.
Example
The leader was praised for his exceptional statecraft in handling international relations.
B2 noun /ˈes.əns/
Essence
Meaning
the intrinsic nature or indispensable quality of something
Example
The essence of good teaching is the ability to inspire students.
B2 noun ˈɡrætɪtjuːd
gratitude
Meaning
The quality of being thankful; readiness to show appreciation.
Example
Gratitude towards the martyrs is a moral duty.
C2 noun /kəmˈpleɪsəns/
complacence
Meaning
a feeling of quiet pleasure or self-satisfaction, often without awareness of potential danger
Example
His complacence prevented him from noticing the risks.
C2 noun /ˌmjuːlˈtɪər/
muleteer
Meaning
a person who drives or takes care of mules
Example
The muleteer guided the animals safely across the mountain path.
C1 adjective /fəˈnɛtɪk/
phonetic
Meaning
relating to the sounds of speech or pronunciation
Example
The teacher taught the students the phonetic spelling of difficult words.
C1 noun /ˈsuːdənɪm/
pseudonym
Meaning
a fictitious name used by an author instead of their real name
Example
Mark Twain was the pseudonym of Samuel Clemens.
A2 noun /siːn/
scene
Meaning
a place or setting of an event or activity, or the part of a play or film
Example
The final scene of the movie was very emotional.
B2 noun /ˈhedʒhɒɡ/
Hedge-hog
Meaning
a small mammal with a spiny coat that can roll into a ball for defense
Example
The hedgehog rolled into a ball when it felt threatened.
B1 noun, verb /ˈmɒnɪtər/
monitor
Meaning
to observe and check the progress or quality of something; also a device that displays information
Example
The teacher monitors the students during the exam.
C2 noun /ˈdoʊneɪtər/
donator
Meaning
A person who gives something, especially money or goods, as a donation.
Example
The donator wished to remain anonymous after contributing a large sum.
C2 noun /skæd/
scad
Meaning
A type of fish of the jack family; also informally means a large number or quantity.
Example
The fisherman caught a scad in the net.
C2 noun /ˈspæŋɡəl/
spangle
Meaning
A small shiny piece of metal or plastic used for decoration on clothes.
Example
Her dress was covered with silver spangles that glittered in the light.
B2 noun /ˈpriːmiəm/
premium
Meaning
an amount of money paid regularly for an insurance policy; something of superior quality or value
Example
You need to pay your insurance premium every year.
C2 adjective /ˈwɪznd/
wizened
Meaning
Shriveled, wrinkled, or withered, often due to age.
Example
The wizened tree stood in the field for centuries.
B2 noun /rɪˈmeɪnz/
remains
Meaning
the parts, pieces, or substances that are left after the rest has been used or removed
Example
The remains of the meal were left on the table.
C2 noun /ˈmæntl̩/
mantel
Meaning
A shelf above a fireplace, often used for decoration.
Example
She placed family photos on the mantel above the fireplace.
C1 verb /bɔːl/
bawl
Meaning
to shout or cry loudly
Example
The baby bawled all night, keeping everyone awake.
C2 noun /ˈɪl.i.æd/
iliad
Meaning
An ancient Greek epic poem attributed to Homer, describing the events of the Trojan War.
Example
Students studied the Iliad to understand Greek mythology and heroism.
C1 verb /dɪˈfeɪs/
deface
Meaning
to spoil the surface or appearance of something, especially by writing or drawing on it
Example
The vandals defaced the wall with graffiti.
B2 noun /kənˈstreɪnt/
constraint
Meaning
a limitation or restriction
Example
Time is the biggest constraint in completing the project.
C1 verb /ˈɪtəreɪt/
iterate
Meaning
To repeat a process or statement, often to improve or refine.
Example
The software team will iterate the design until it meets user needs.
C1 adjective /ʌnˈtʃælɪndʒd/
Unchallenged
Meaning
not disputed or questioned; accepted without opposition; having no rival
Example
He remained the unchallenged champion for five years.
C2 noun /ˌmɑːhəˈrɑːdʒə/
maharaja
Meaning
A great king, especially a ruler of one of the principal states in India.
Example
The maharaja lived in a grand palace surrounded by gardens.
C1 noun /ɡruːv/
groove
Meaning
a long narrow cut or depression, or a rhythmic pattern in music
Example
The DJ kept the crowd dancing to the groove.
B2 noun /speɪd/
Spade
Meaning
a tool with a flat blade for digging; a playing card suit
Example
The gardener used a spade to dig holes for planting flowers.
A2 noun /drʌɡ/
drug
Meaning
a substance used as a medicine or an illegal addictive substance
Example
The doctor prescribed a new drug for the illness.
C1 adjective /ˈɔːdəˌtɔːri/
auditory
Meaning
Relating to the sense of hearing.
Example
The lecture was designed to enhance students' auditory learning skills.
C1 noun /poʊˈɛt.ɪks/
poetics
Meaning
the study or theory of poetry and its principles
Example
He wrote a book on poetics explaining the art of verse.
B1 noun /ˈbreɪs.lət/
Bracelet
Meaning
an ornamental band worn around the wrist
Example
She received a gold bracelet as a birthday gift.
B2 noun /ɪkˈsploʊʒən/
explosion
Meaning
a violent burst or release of energy, often causing damage and noise
Example
The explosion shook the entire neighborhood.
B2 adjective /ˈtræŋkwɪl/
tranquil
Meaning
Free from disturbance; calm and peaceful.
Example
A tranquil environment promotes relaxation and focus.
C1 noun /pʌnˈdʒɑː.bi/
Punjabi
Meaning
a traditional long shirt worn in South Asia, typically loose-fitting
Example
He wore a white punjabi for the festival celebration.
A1 noun /zuː/
Zoo
Meaning
an establishment that maintains a collection of wild animals for study, conservation, or display to the public
Example
We visited the zoo to see the lions and elephants.
B1 noun /rɪˈpɔːrtər/
reporter
Meaning
a person who reports news or information
Example
The reporter interviewed several people at the scene.
B2 noun /krɪˈeɪtə/
creator
Meaning
a person who brings something into existence
Example
He is the creator of many successful startups.
C2 noun /əbˈhɒrəns/
abhorrence
Meaning
a feeling of strong disgust or hatred
Example
He expressed his abhorrence of racial discrimination.
C2 noun /ˈkjuːbeb ˈpepər/
Cubeb Pepper
Meaning
aromatic spice with a slightly bitter taste and cooling aftertaste
Example
Cubeb pepper is used in traditional Indonesian cuisine.
C1 noun /ɪɡˈzɛkjətər/
executor
Meaning
A person appointed to carry out the terms of someone's will after their death.
Example
The executor managed the estate according to the deceased’s wishes.
C1 verb /dɪˈmɔrəˌlaɪz/
demoralize
Meaning
to cause someone to lose confidence or hope
Example
The constant criticism demoralized the young athlete.
B1 noun /ˈsɛkʃən/
section
Meaning
a distinct part or subdivision of something larger
Example
This section of the report needs further review.
B2 noun ˌrɛvəˈluːʃən
revolution
Meaning
A forcible overthrow of a government or social order, in favor of a new system.
Example
The story is set during the French Revolution.
C1 noun/verb /ˈbæntər/
banter
Meaning
playful and friendly exchange of teasing remarks
Example
The colleagues enjoyed some light banter during the meeting.
C2 noun /əbˈstɛtrɪks/
obstetrics
Meaning
The branch of medicine dealing with childbirth and care of women giving birth.
Example
She is studying obstetrics to become a specialist in childbirth.
C2 adjective /ˈpɪd.lɪŋ/
Piddling
Meaning
trivial; insignificant; small in amount
Example
He was annoyed by the piddling amount of money he received.
A2 noun fɔːrs
force
Meaning
A physical power or energy that can cause movement, change, or influence.
Example
Strong nuclear force binds particles.
C1 noun /ˈkwɒn.dər.i/
Quandary
Meaning
a difficult situation where you cannot decide what to do; dilemma
Example
She was in a quandary about which job offer to accept.