A2 noun/verb /meɪl/

mail

Meaning

Letters, packages, or email messages sent or delivered to someone.

Example

I received an important letter in the mail.

C2 noun /ˈlæsi/

lassie

Meaning

a young girl (informal, mainly Scottish)

Example

The old man greeted the little lassie warmly.

B2 adverb /ˈtaɪtli/

Tightly

Meaning

in a tight manner; firmly; securely

Example

Hold the rope tightly so you don't fall.

B1 adjective /dɪˈlaɪtɪd/

delighted

Meaning

feeling or showing great pleasure and happiness

Example

She was delighted with the surprise gift.

A2 noun /laɪˈbrɛəriən/

librarian

Meaning

a person who manages, organizes, and assists users in a library

Example

The librarian helped me find a rare history book.

C1 verb /ˌrɛzəˈrɛkt/

resurrect

Meaning

To bring back to life or revive something from the past.

Example

The director decided to resurrect the old play for a new audience.

B2 noun /ˈteɪ.lər/

Tailor

Meaning

a person whose job is making and altering clothes

Example

The tailor measured him for a new suit.

B2 noun /ˈkɪlɪŋ/

killing

Meaning

the act of causing death, especially deliberately

Example

The movie depicts the brutal killing of the villagers.

C1 noun /krʊk/

crook

Meaning

a dishonest person, especially a criminal

Example

The police finally caught the crook who had been stealing cars.

C1 noun /ˈriːkɔːrs/

recourse

Meaning

a source of help or protection in a difficult situation

Example

The students had no recourse but to appeal to the principal.

B1 noun

Pattern

C2 verb /səˈfjuːz/

suffuse

Meaning

to gradually spread through or over something

Example

A warm glow suffused her face as she smiled.

C1 adjective /məˈkɑː.brə/

Macabre

Meaning

disturbing because concerned with death; gruesome and horrifying

Example

The horror movie had a macabre atmosphere.

A2 noun /ˈdʒel.i/

Jelly

Meaning

a sweet soft food made from fruit juice and sugar; a semi-solid substance with a jelly-like consistency

Example

She spread grape jelly on her toast for breakfast.

B2 verb /ˈnoʊtɪfaɪ/

notify

Meaning

to inform someone officially about something

Example

The manager will notify the staff about the schedule change.

A1 verb /stænd/

stand

Meaning

to be in an upright position; to tolerate or endure

Example

Please stand up when the teacher enters.

C2 verb /dɪˈbɑːrk/

debark

Meaning

to disembark or get off a ship, aircraft, or vehicle

Example

The passengers debarked as soon as the ship docked.

C2 verb /dɪˈspɒnd/

despond

Meaning

to lose confidence or hope; to become dejected

Example

After repeated failures, he began to despond.

C2 noun, adjective, verb /ˈrɛprəˌbeɪt/

reprobate

Meaning

A person of immoral character; to express disapproval of; morally corrupt.

Example

The old reprobate spent his days gambling and drinking.

B2 adjective /ˈhoʊm.sɪk/

Homesick

Meaning

experiencing a longing for one's home during a period of absence from it; missing home

Example

After three months studying abroad, Maria felt increasingly homesick for her family.

C1 noun /ˈprɒv.ɜːb/

Proverb

Meaning

a short saying that expresses a general truth or gives advice

Example

The proverb 'Early to bed, early to rise' teaches us about good habits.

C2 noun /ˌfjuːzɪˈleɪd/

fusillade

Meaning

A series of shots fired or missiles thrown all at the same time or in quick succession.

Example

The soldiers advanced under a fusillade of bullets.

B2 noun /ˈdel.ɪ.ɡət/

Delegate

Meaning

a person chosen or elected to act for or represent others; representative

Example

Each country sent a delegate to participate in the international conference.

B2 adjective ˌæs.trəˈnɒm.ɪ.kəl

astronomical

Meaning

Relating to astronomy; extremely large in amount or extent.

Example

The astronomical price reflects its exclusivity.

B2 adjective /ˈpæn.ɪ.ki/

Panicky

Meaning

feeling or showing panic; anxious and fearful

Example

The crowd became panicky when the fire alarm sounded.

C1 noun pɔɪz

poise

Meaning

Natural confidence and composure maintained under pressure.

Example

A good speaker maintains poise under pressure.

B2 adjective /ˈmɪnɪməm/

minimum

Meaning

The least or smallest amount or quantity possible, attained, or required.

Example

This year saw a minimum unemployment rate.

B2 noun /ˈten.ənt/

Tenant

Meaning

a person who rents and occupies property owned by someone else

Example

The landlord met with the new tenant to sign the lease agreement.

A2 noun /suːt/

suit

Meaning

a set of clothes made of the same fabric, usually consisting of trousers and a jacket

Example

He wore a black suit to the wedding.

B1 verb /dɪˈleɪ/

delay

Meaning

to make something happen later than planned

Example

The flight was delayed due to bad weather.

C1 adjective /ˈædəmənt/

Adamant

Meaning

একগুঁয়ে; জেদী; দৃঢ়সংকল্প; অনমনীয়;

Example

She was adamant about her decision to leave the company.

C1 adjective ˈfjuː.taɪl

futile

Meaning

Incapable of producing any useful result; pointless.

Example

His attempts to change the situation were futile.

C1 noun /ˈlɪrɪk/

lyric

Meaning

the words of a song or a short poem that expresses personal feelings

Example

She memorized every lyric of her favorite song.

C2 verb /ˈsʌli/

sully

Meaning

to damage the purity, integrity, or reputation of something

Example

The scandal sullied the politician’s reputation.

B2 adjective /fɔːrˈsiːəbl/

foreseeable

Meaning

Able to be predicted or expected in advance

Example

The company is unlikely to make changes in the foreseeable future.

C1 adjective/adverb /ɡəˈlɔːr/

galore

Meaning

In large amounts; abundant or plentiful.

Example

There were books galore in the old library.

B2 verb /ˌʌndərˈɡoʊ/

undergo

Meaning

to go through something, especially something unpleasant or difficult

Example

She had to undergo surgery to recover.

B2 adjective /ˈtrʌst.wɜː.ði/

Trustworthy

Meaning

able to be relied on as honest or truthful; deserving of trust

Example

He is a trustworthy friend who always keeps his promises.

B1 adjective /ˈɜːrdʒənt/

Urgent

Meaning

requiring immediate action or attention; pressing

Example

The patient needs urgent medical attention.

B2 adjective /rɪˈnjuː.ə.bəl/

renewable

Meaning

Able to be renewed or replaced naturally; not depleted when used.

Example

Renewable resources minimize environmental damage.

C2 adjective /prɪˈhɛnsɪbəl/

prehensible

Meaning

capable of being grasped or seized

Example

The tool has a prehensible handle that improves safety.

A1 noun /ˈkʌl.ər/

Colour

Meaning

the property possessed by an object of producing different sensations on the eye as a result of the way it reflects light; hue, tint, shade

Example

What is your favorite colour for painting the bedroom walls?

C2 adjective /ˈmɛtrɪkəl/

metrical

Meaning

Relating to or composed in a regular rhythmic pattern of beats or meter, especially in poetry.

Example

The poet carefully followed metrical rules in his verses.

C1 adjective /oʊˈbiːs/

obese

Meaning

Extremely overweight; having an excessive amount of body fat.

Example

The doctor advised the obese patient to adopt a healthier lifestyle.

C2 noun /ˌprɛsiˈɒsɪti/

preciosity

Meaning

Excessive refinement or affected elegance in language, style, or behavior.

Example

The author's preciosity made the novel difficult to read for some audiences.

B1 verb /rɪˈviːl/

reveal

Meaning

to make known or show something that was hidden

Example

The investigation revealed the truth.

C2 adjective /ˌʌnɪmˈpiːtʃəbl/

unimpeachable

Meaning

Not able to be doubted, questioned, or criticized; completely trustworthy.

Example

She is known for her unimpeachable honesty.

C1 noun /ˌmælnuːˈtrɪʃən/

Malnutrition

Meaning

Lack of proper nutrition; poor nourishment

Example

Malnutrition among children is a serious public health concern.

C1 noun /ˈpær.ə.di/

Parody

Meaning

an imitation of a particular style for comic effect; a humorous exaggerated copy

Example

The comedy show featured a parody of famous politicians.

C1 noun /kənˈsɜːvəˌtɔːri/

conservatory

Meaning

A greenhouse for growing plants or a school for music and the arts.

Example

They grew exotic plants in the conservatory.

C2 noun /laɪər/

lyre

Meaning

a stringed musical instrument of ancient Greece

Example

The musician played a melody on the lyre.

C2 adjective /prəˈpɪʃəs/

propitious

Meaning

giving or indicating a good chance of success; favorable

Example

The sunny weather was a propitious start to the picnic.

B2 noun ˈɪn.deks

index

Meaning

An alphabetical list of names, subjects, etc. with references to the places where they occur, typically found at the end of a book; a sign or measure of something.

Example

An index organizes critical data.

A1 adjective /smɔːl/

Small

Meaning

little in size; not large; limited in extent or amount

Example

She lives in a small apartment near the university.

C1 noun /əˈsɛndənsi/

ascendancy

Meaning

A position of power, influence, or control over others.

Example

The company gained ascendancy in the market through innovation.

B1 noun /ˈtreɪ.dər/

Trader

Meaning

a person who buys and sells goods or financial securities for profit

Example

The trader made a good profit from selling imported goods.

C1 verb /ˈdɛsɪmeɪt/

decimate

Meaning

To destroy or kill a large proportion of something.

Example

The wildfire decimated the forest.

B2 noun /træŋˈkwɪl.ɪ.ti/

tranquillity

Meaning

the state of being calm, peaceful, and free from disturbance

Example

She enjoyed the tranquillity of the countryside after years in the city.

C1 adjective, noun /ɪnˈdɪkətɪv/

indicative

Meaning

Serving as a sign or expression of something; in grammar, a mood used to make factual statements.

Example

His tone was indicative of his frustration.

A1 verb, noun /mɪs/

miss

Meaning

to fail to hit, reach, or meet; to feel the absence of someone or something

Example

I really miss my family when I travel abroad.

C2 noun /ˌdɪfəˈrɛnʃə/

differentia

Meaning

A distinguishing characteristic that sets one thing apart from another.

Example

The differentia of humans is their ability to reason abstractly.

C2 adjective /ˌpɒliˈæn.ɪ.ɪʃ/

pollyannaish

Meaning

overly or blindly optimistic

Example

Her pollyannaish attitude ignored the obvious problems.

C1 noun /ˈlɪɡ.əmənt/

ligament

Meaning

A tough band of tissue that connects bones at a joint.

Example

He tore a ligament in his knee while playing football.

B2 adjective /ˈjuː.nɪ.faɪd/

unified

Meaning

Made into a whole or joined together.

Example

A unified approach fosters better outcomes.

C1 noun /fəˈtæləti/

fatality

Meaning

An occurrence of death by accident, disaster, or violence.

Example

The accident resulted in one fatality.

A1 adverb /ˈnɛvər/

never

Meaning

at no time in the past or future; not ever

Example

I have never seen such a beautiful sunset.

B2 adjective ˌɪnɪˈfɛktɪv

ineffective

Meaning

Not producing any significant or desired effect; not achieving the intended result.

Example

Rote learning often proves to be ineffective.

C1 adjective /ˈen.vi.ə.bəl/

Enviable

Meaning

causing envy; desirable

Example

Her success was enviable among her peers.

B2 verb /ɪnˈlɑːrdʒ/

enlarge

Meaning

to make something bigger or increase in size

Example

They decided to enlarge their house.

C2 noun /ˈrɛvəlri/

revelry

Meaning

Lively and noisy festivities, especially involving drinking and dancing.

Example

The sound of revelry could be heard throughout the night.

B2 adjective /ˈteɪst.ləs/

Tasteless

Meaning

lacking flavor; showing poor judgment in style

Example

The soup was completely tasteless and needed more seasoning.

C2 noun /ˈsɛpəlkər/

sepulcher

Meaning

A small room or monument, cut in rock or built of stone, in which a dead person is buried.

Example

The ancient king was laid to rest in a grand sepulcher.

C2 adjective /ˌkɑːmənˈsɛnsɪkəl/

commonsensical

Meaning

based on or showing sound practical judgment; sensible

Example

It was commonsensical to carry an umbrella on a rainy day.

A2 noun /ˈket.əl/

Kettle

Meaning

a container used for boiling water, typically with a lid, spout, and handle

Example

The electric kettle whistled when the water reached boiling point.

C1 adjective /ˈsʌn.dri/

sundry

Meaning

Various or miscellaneous.

Example

The shop sells fruits, clothes, and sundry items.

A1 preposition /ˈɪntuː/

into

Meaning

expressing movement or direction to the inside of something

Example

She walked into the room quietly.

C2 noun /mɔːrˈtɪʃən/

mortician

Meaning

a person whose job is to prepare dead bodies for burial or cremation and to arrange funerals

Example

The mortician prepared the body for the funeral service.

C1 adjective /kɑːrˈnɪv.ər.əs/

Carnivorous

Meaning

feeding on other animals; meat-eating

Example

Lions are carnivorous animals that hunt other animals for food.

C1 adjective /ˈpɪt.i.əs/

Piteous

Meaning

deserving pity; arousing compassion

Example

The piteous cries of the injured animal moved everyone to tears.

C2 noun /əˈpɒfəsɪs/

apophasis

Meaning

A rhetorical device where the speaker brings up a subject by denying it or pretending to pass over it.

Example

The politician used apophasis by saying, 'I won’t even mention my opponent’s scandals.'

C1 noun/verb /ˈɪmprɪnt/

imprint

Meaning

A mark or impression made by pressure; to establish or fix firmly in someone's mind.

Example

The event left an indelible imprint on the city's history.

C1 noun /ˈvenəm/

Venom

Meaning

a poisonous substance secreted by animals such as snakes; extreme malice and bitterness

Example

The snake's venom can be deadly if not treated quickly.

C1 noun /bəˈbuːn/

Baboon

Meaning

a large African and Arabian primate with a dog-like snout and colorful buttocks

Example

The baboon troop gathered around the watering hole in the savanna.

C2 adjective /ˈtɜːrdʒɪd/

turgid

Meaning

Swollen or distended; (of language) pompous and overcomplicated.

Example

The professor’s lecture was so turgid that many students lost interest.

C2 verb /ˈstræɡəl/

straggle

Meaning

To move or spread in an irregular, scattered, or untidy way.

Example

The children began to straggle behind on the long hike.

A1 noun /snoʊ/

Snow

Meaning

white frozen water that falls from clouds as soft flakes

Example

The children played happily in the fresh snow.

B2 noun /ˈɜːrnər/

earner

Meaning

A person who earns money through work or business

Example

She is the primary earner in her family.

C2 verb /ˈsʌn.dər/

sunder

Meaning

To split apart or separate, especially with force.

Example

The war sundered families and friends.

C1 noun /ˈrɪpəl/

Ripple

Meaning

a small wave on the surface of water; a spreading effect or influence

Example

The stone created ripples across the calm pond.

B2 noun /ʌnˈkɒnʃəsnəs/

unconsciousness

Meaning

the state of being unaware of and unable to respond to one's surroundings

Example

After the accident, he was in a state of unconsciousness for several hours.

C1 verb /ˈmæd.ən/

madden

Meaning

To make someone very angry or extremely annoyed.

Example

The constant noise maddened him.

B1 verb /bɜːrst/

burst

Meaning

to break open suddenly; to be full of something

Example

The balloon bursts with a loud pop.

B1 noun, verb /ˈlaɪsəns/

license

Meaning

A legal permission to do something (noun); to grant such permission (verb).

Example

You must have a driving license to operate a car legally.

B2 noun /rɪm/

rim

Meaning

the outer edge or border of a circular object

Example

The coffee cup had a chip on its rim.

C1 noun /ˈken.əl/

Kennel

Meaning

a small shelter for a dog; an establishment for the breeding or boarding of dogs

Example

The dog slept comfortably in his wooden kennel in the backyard.

C1 noun ˌpɒlɪˈneɪʃən

Pollination

Meaning

The process by which pollen is transferred from flowers, enabling plant reproduction.

Example

Butterflies play a vital role in pollination.

C2 adjective /ˈɪrˌsplɪtɪŋ/

earsplitting

Meaning

extremely loud or piercing sound

Example

The earsplitting noise of the fire alarm startled everyone.

B2 noun, verb /ˈriːteɪl/

retail

Meaning

the sale of goods to the public in small quantities for use or consumption rather than for resale

Example

The company specializes in the retail of clothing and accessories.

B2 noun /ˈkaʊnsɪlər/

councilor

Meaning

an elected member of a council, especially a local government body

Example

The councilor held a public meeting to discuss local issues.

B2 noun /heɪ/

hay

Meaning

grass that has been cut, dried, and stored for use as animal feed

Example

The cows were eating hay in the barn.

C2 adjective /ˈpjʊəraɪl/

puerile

Meaning

childishly silly or immature

Example

His puerile jokes annoyed the audience.

A2 noun /ˈfəʊtəɡrɑːf/

photograph

Meaning

a picture made using a camera

Example

She took a photograph of the sunset.

C1 noun ˌmɪt.ɪˈɡeɪ.ʃən

mitigation

Meaning

The action of reducing the severity, seriousness, or painfulness of something.

Example

Mitigation of climate change requires collective effort.

B1 noun /ˈhaɪ.weɪ/

highway

Meaning

A main road, especially one connecting major towns or cities.

Example

The highway was blocked due to an accident.

C1 noun /pəˈpaɪrəs/

papyrus

Meaning

An ancient writing material made from the pith of the papyrus plant; also refers to the plant itself.

Example

The ancient scroll was written on papyrus.

C1 noun /ˈpɒp.i siːdz/

Poppy Seeds

Meaning

tiny round seeds from the poppy plant used as a spice or garnish in cooking

Example

Poppy seeds are sprinkled on top of breads and used in Bengali curries.

A2 noun/verb /ˌɛndʒɪˈnɪər/

engineer

Meaning

A person trained to design, build, or maintain engines, machines, or structures; to skillfully arrange or bring about.

Example

The engineer designed a new bridge across the river.

C2 noun /ɪˌpɪstəˈmɒlədʒɪst/

epistemologist

Meaning

A scholar or expert who studies the nature, sources, and limits of knowledge.

Example

The epistemologist debated how humans can truly know anything with certainty.

C1 noun /ˈpʌndɪt/

pundit

Meaning

An expert in a particular subject or field who is frequently called upon to give opinions to the public.

Example

Political pundits debated the election results on television.

C2 noun ˌæɡ.roʊ.iˈkɒl.ə.dʒi

agroecology

Meaning

A scientific discipline that studies agricultural systems by applying ecological concepts and principles.

Example

Agroecology promotes eco-friendly farming.

B2 adjective /əˈpærənt/

apparent

Meaning

Clearly visible or understood; obvious.

Example

It soon became apparent that he was not telling the truth.

A2 noun /ɪmˈplɔɪər/

employer

Meaning

A person or organization that hires and pays people to work.

Example

The employer promised better benefits to attract skilled workers.

C1 adjective rɪsk-ədˈʤɛstɪd

risk-adjusted

Meaning

Modified or calibrated to account for risk factors in investment returns.

Example

Risk-adjusted returns consider both potential profit and loss.

C2 noun /ˌær.əˈbesk/

arabesque

Meaning

a complex, ornate design featuring intertwined flowing lines, often used in architecture or ballet poses

Example

The ceiling was decorated with delicate arabesque patterns.

C2 noun /dɪˌsɪdəˈreɪtəm/

desideratum

Meaning

something that is desired or considered necessary

Example

For many students, financial aid is a desideratum.

B2 noun /səbˈskraɪbər/

subscriber

Meaning

a person who receives or subscribes to a service, magazine, or service

Example

She is a subscriber to the monthly magazine.

A2 noun /per/

pair

Meaning

two things of the same kind that are used together

Example

She wore a matching pair of shoes.

C2 adjective /kəˈkɒfənəs/

cacophonous

Meaning

Producing a harsh, discordant mixture of sounds.

Example

The cacophonous sounds of the city kept her awake all night.

C1 noun /weɪ/

Whey

Meaning

the watery part of milk that separates from the curds when making cheese

Example

Whey protein is popular among athletes and bodybuilders.

A1 noun /ˈhɒs.pɪ.təl/

hospital

Meaning

an institution where sick or injured people are given medical treatment

Example

He was taken to the hospital after the accident.

C1 adverb /ˈðɛərfɔːr/

therefor

Meaning

For that or for it.

Example

He received payment and gave a receipt therefor.