A2 noun/verb /meɪl/

mail

почта / письмо

Meaning

Letters, packages, or email messages sent or delivered to someone.

Example

I received an important letter in the mail.

Я получил важное письмо по почте.

C1 noun/verb /dɪsˈdeɪn/

disdain

презрение

Meaning

The feeling that someone or something is unworthy of respect; to regard with contempt.

Example

She looked at the messy room with open disdain.

Она смотрела на беспорядочную комнату с открытым презрением.

B1 adjective /ˈmiː.nɪŋ.fəl/

Meaningful

значимый; целеустремленный;

Meaning

having significance; purposeful; important

Example

She found meaningful work helping others.

Она нашла значимую работу, помогая другим.

C1 verb /dɪsˈpærɪdʒ/

disparage

унижать

Meaning

to criticize someone or something in a way that shows a lack of respect

Example

It is unfair to disparage people for their opinions.

Несправедливо унижать людей за их мнения.

B2 noun ˌnæv.ɪˈɡeɪ.ʃən

navigation

навигация

Meaning

The process or activity of accurately ascertaining one's position and planning and following a route.

Example

GPS technology has improved the navigation of self-driving cars.

Технология GPS улучшила навигацию автономных автомобилей.

A1 pronoun /maɪˈsɛlf/

myself

сам

Meaning

used for emphasis or to refer to oneself

Example

I will do it myself.

Я сделаю это сам.

C1 noun ˈstræt.ə.sfɪər

stratosphere

стратосфера

Meaning

The layer of the earth's atmosphere above the troposphere, extending to about 50 km above the earth's surface.

Example

The stratosphere provides a unique environment.

Стратосфера обеспечивает уникальную среду.

A1 noun /ˈfriː taɪm/

free time

свободное время

Meaning

time when a person is not working or occupied and can do activities they enjoy

Example

She likes to read books in her free time.

Она любит читать книги в свободное время.

C1 verb /rɪˈtɔːrt/

retort

резкий ответ

Meaning

To reply quickly or sharply, often in a witty or angry manner.

Example

He quickly retorted that he was not to blame.

Он быстро ответил, что это не его вина.

B2 adjective /ˈduː.əl/

Dual

двойной

Meaning

having two parts or consisting of two elements; double

Example

She has dual citizenship of both countries.

У нее есть двойное гражданство обеих стран.

C2 noun /djuːˈplɪsɪti/

duplicity

двуличие

Meaning

Deceitfulness or double-dealing; dishonesty.

Example

Her duplicity was revealed during the investigation.

Её двуличие было раскрыто в ходе расследования.

A2 verb /bɛr/

bear

нести

Meaning

to carry; to endure; to give birth to; to support

Example

She cannot bear the pain anymore.

Она больше не может выносить боль.

C1 adjective /ˈtʌtʃi/

Touchy

чувствительный

Meaning

easily upset or offended; overly sensitive

Example

He's very touchy about his height.

Он очень чувствителен по поводу своего роста.

A2 noun, verb /fɔːrm/

form

форма / форма

Meaning

the shape or structure of something; to bring something into existence

Example

Students filled out the registration form.

Студенты заполнили регистрационную форму.

A2 noun /ˈdɪfərəns/

difference

разница

Meaning

A point or way in which things are not the same.

Example

There is a big difference between theory and practice.

Есть большая разница между теорией и практикой.

C2 adjective /ˈlæŋɡwɪd/

Languid

вялый; ленивый; слабый

Meaning

lacking energy or vitality; slow and relaxed; weak or faint

Example

After the long journey, she felt languid and needed to rest.

После долгого путешествия она чувствовала себя вялой и нуждалась в отдыхе.

C1 noun /ˈɛpɪθɛt/

epithet

эпитет

Meaning

A descriptive phrase or word used to characterize someone or something, often as a nickname.

Example

He earned the epithet ‘The Great’ for his remarkable achievements.

Он заслужил эпитет ‘Великий’ за свои замечательные достижения.

A2 adjective /ɡriːk/

greek

Греческий (относящийся к Греции)

Meaning

relating to Greece, its people, or its language

Example

We enjoyed delicious Greek food at the restaurant.

Мы наслаждались вкусной греческой едой в ресторане.

C2 noun /ˌhaɪdrəˈstætɪks/

hydrostatics

гидростатика

Meaning

The branch of science concerned with the mechanical properties of fluids at rest.

Example

Hydrostatics is essential in understanding how dams and reservoirs function.

Гидростатика важна для понимания того, как работают дамбы и водохранилища.

A1 noun /fəʊn/

phone

телефон

Meaning

a device for communication, typically used to make calls or send messages

Example

I need to charge my phone.

Мне нужно зарядить мой телефон.

C2 adjective /ˈdekərəs/

decorous

учтивый

Meaning

showing proper and polite behavior; marked by good taste

Example

The audience gave a decorous applause after the performance.

Зрители выразили учтивое одобрение после выступления.

C2 adjective /ˌɛkspəˈdɪʃəs/

expeditious

быстрый

Meaning

Done with speed and efficiency.

Example

The expeditious delivery of the package was appreciated.

Быстрая доставка пакета была оценена.

B1 verb /preɪ/

pray

молиться

Meaning

to speak to God or a deity; to hope earnestly

Example

Many people pray for peace in the world.

Многие люди молятся о мире в мире.

B2 noun /slæŋ/

Slang

сленг; неформальный язык

Meaning

very informal language that is usually spoken rather than written

Example

The teenagers used slang that their parents couldn't understand.

Подростки использовали сленг, который их родители не могли понять.

B1 verb /siːl/

seal

печатать, закрывать

Meaning

to close or secure something tightly or officially confirm something

Example

He sealed the envelope before sending the letter.

Он запечатал конверт перед отправкой письма.

B1 noun ɪmˈplɔɪmənt

employment

занятость

Meaning

The condition of having paid work; the action of giving work to someone.

Example

Employment was limited to Urdu speakers.

Занятость была ограничена говорящими на урду.

C1 adjective /ʌnˈɒnəd/

unhonoured

непочтённый

Meaning

not respected or given the recognition that is deserved; treated without honor

Example

He felt unhonoured after his years of service were ignored.

Он чувствовал себя непочтённым, когда его годы службы были проигнорированы.

C1 adjective /ɪˈleɪtɪd/

elated

крайне счастливый

Meaning

Extremely happy and excited.

Example

She was elated when she heard the good news.

Она была крайне счастлива, когда услышала хорошие новости.

C1 noun /ˈwed.lɒk/

Wed lock

брак

Meaning

the state of being married; matrimony

Example

They have been happily united in wedlock for twenty years.

Они счастливо связаны браком уже двадцать лет.

C1 noun /ˈskwɒlər/

squalor

нищета

Meaning

the state of being extremely dirty and unpleasant, especially due to poverty or neglect

Example

They lived in squalor without basic facilities.

Они жили в нищете без базовых удобств.

C2 adjective /dɪˈklæməˌtɔri/

declamatory

декламационный стиль

Meaning

speaking in a loud, rhetorical, or dramatic way

Example

The politician’s declamatory style impressed some but irritated others.

Декламационный стиль политика впечатлил одних, но раздражал других.

B2 noun /slʌm/

Slum

трущобы

Meaning

a poor urban area with substandard housing and squalid conditions

Example

The government is working to improve conditions in the slum.

Правительство работает над улучшением условий в трущобах.

C2 verb /bɪˈsmɜːrtʃ/

besmirch

опозорить

Meaning

to damage someone's reputation; to make dirty or stained

Example

He tried to besmirch her good name with false rumors.

Он попытался опозорить её хорошее имя ложными слухами.

A1 verb /bɪˈkʌm/

become

становиться

Meaning

to grow to be; to come to be

Example

She became a doctor after years of study.

Она стала врачом после многих лет учебы.

B1 noun /ˈnɜːrsəri/

nursery

ясли

Meaning

a room or place where young children are cared for

Example

She works in a nursery, taking care of infants.

Она работает в яслях, заботясь о младенцах.

C1 noun prəˈtɛk.ʃə.nɪ.zəm

protectionism

протекционизм

Meaning

The theory or practice of shielding a country's domestic industries from foreign competition by taxing imports.

Example

The government's protectionism helped local businesses grow.

Протекционизм правительства помог местным компаниям расти.

B1 noun dɪˈmɒk.rə.si

democracy

демократия

Meaning

A system of government by the whole population or all the eligible members of a state, typically through elected representatives.

Example

Democracy ensures equal rights for all citizens.

Демократия обеспечивает равные права для всех граждан.

A2 adverb /kəˈrɛktli/

correctly

правильно

Meaning

in a way that is true, accurate, or without mistakes

Example

She answered all the questions correctly.

Она ответила на все вопросы правильно.

C1 noun /ˈhɛzɪtənsi/

hesitancy

нерешительность

Meaning

The tendency to pause or delay due to uncertainty or fear.

Example

His hesitancy in answering made everyone doubt his confidence.

Его нерешительность при ответе заставила всех сомневаться в его уверенности.

B2 noun /kənˈsɛnt/

consent

согласие

Meaning

permission for something to happen or agreement to do something

Example

She gave her consent before the operation.

Она дала свое согласие перед операцией.

C2 noun /prɪˈzɛntmənt/

presentment

формальное представление

Meaning

The act of presenting something formally or officially; a formal statement or document.

Example

The lawyer made a presentment of the evidence to the court.

Адвокат сделал представление доказательств в суде.

C2 adjective /droʊl/

droll

забавный

Meaning

curious or unusual in a way that provokes dry amusement

Example

He had a droll sense of humor that made everyone laugh.

У него было забавное чувство юмора, которое заставляло всех смеяться.

C2 noun /ˈæstər/

Aster

астра

Meaning

a flowering plant with daisy-like flowers that typically bloom in fall

Example

The purple asters bloomed beautifully in the autumn garden.

Фиолетовые астры красиво зацвели в осеннем саду.

B2 adjective /ˌsɪstəˈmætɪk/

systematic

систематический

Meaning

Done or acting according to a fixed plan or system; methodical.

Example

The company took a systematic approach to solving the issue.

Компания использовала систематический подход для решения проблемы.

B1 noun /ˈbæŋkər/

banker

банкир

Meaning

a person who works in or manages a bank

Example

The banker approved the loan after reviewing the documents.

Банкир одобрил кредит после проверки документов.

C2 adjective /ˈfer.əs/

ferrous

содержащий железо

Meaning

containing or consisting of iron

Example

Ferrous metals are commonly used in construction.

Ферросплавы часто используются в строительстве.

B1 noun ˌkriː.eɪˈtɪv.ɪ.ti

creativity

креативность

Meaning

The ability to use imagination to produce original ideas or to make something new or imaginative.

Example

His creativity was evident in his artwork.

Его креативность была очевидна в его искусстве.

B2 verb /ˌkɒn.trəˈdɪkt/

contradict

противоречить

Meaning

to say or show the opposite of something that has been said or believed

Example

His actions contradict his words.

Его действия противоречат его словам.

C2 noun /ˌɛfəˈvɛsəns/

effervescence

пенная реакция

Meaning

The release of gas bubbles; vivacity or high-spiritedness.

Example

Her effervescence made her the life of the party.

Её пенная реакция сделала её душой вечеринки.

B2 noun /ˈælkəhɒlɪzəm/

alcoholism

алкоголизм

Meaning

A chronic disease characterized by uncontrolled drinking and preoccupation with alcohol.

Example

His alcoholism affected both his health and his family life.

Его алкоголизм повлиял как на его здоровье, так и на семейную жизнь.

C1 noun rɪˈfaɪnmənt

refinement

рафинирование

Meaning

The process of removing impurities or unwanted elements from a substance.

Example

His manners showed a refinement that made him stand out in any crowd.

Его манеры показывали утонченность, которая выделяла его в любой толпе.

C2 verb /ˈpɛkjʊˌleɪt/

peculate

растрачивать

Meaning

To embezzle or steal money, especially public funds.

Example

The corrupt official was found guilty of peculating government funds.

Коррумпированный чиновник был признан виновным в хищении государственных средств.

A2 noun /sməʊk/

smoke

дым

Meaning

A visible suspension of carbon or other particles in air, typically one emitted from a burning substance.

Example

Smoke from vehicles worsens air quality.

Дым от автомобилей ухудшает качество воздуха.

B2 noun /ˈpæs.taɪm/

Pastime

времяпрепровождение

Meaning

an activity done regularly for enjoyment; a hobby or recreational activity

Example

Reading books is her favorite pastime during weekends.

Чтение книг - это ее любимое времяпрепровождение в выходные.

A2 noun /ˈbraʊzər/

browser

браузер

Meaning

a software application for accessing information on the World Wide Web.

Example

I use a web browser to search for information online.

Я использую веб-браузер для поиска информации в интернете.

B1 noun /kraʊn/

Crown

корона

Meaning

a circular ornamental headdress worn by a monarch as a symbol of authority

Example

The queen wore a magnificent crown during the coronation ceremony.

Королева носила великолепную корону во время коронации.

A2 verb /bit/

beat

бить

Meaning

to strike repeatedly; to defeat; to pulsate rhythmically

Example

Our team will beat theirs in the final match.

Наша команда победит их в финальном матче.

C1 noun /ˈpoʊʃən/

potion

отвар

Meaning

a liquid with healing, magical, or poisonous properties

Example

The witch gave the hero a healing potion.

Ведьма дала герою целебный отвар.

A1 adjective /ˈwʌndərfəl/

wonderful

замечательный

Meaning

extremely good or impressive

Example

She had a wonderful time at the party.

Она прекрасно провела время на вечеринке.

B1 adverb /sɪnˈsɪrli/

sincerely

искренне

Meaning

with genuine feelings; honestly and truly

Example

I sincerely hope you recover soon.

Я искренне надеюсь, что вы скоро поправитесь.

C1 noun /ˈpoʊl.stɑːr/

Polestar

полярная звезда

Meaning

a bright star that appears to stay in the same position in the sky and is used for navigation

Example

Sailors used the polestar to navigate across the ocean.

Моряки использовали полярную звезду, чтобы ориентироваться через океан.

B1 noun /ɡɪlt/

Guilt

вина

Meaning

a feeling of having committed wrong or failed in an obligation; responsibility for wrongdoing

Example

She felt overwhelming guilt after forgetting her mother's birthday.

Она почувствовала подавляющее чувство вины, забыв день рождения своей матери.

C2 adjective /ˌpəʊstˈprændɪəl/

postprandial

после еды

Meaning

Occurring after a meal.

Example

He went for a postprandial walk after dinner.

Он пошел на постпрандиальный прогулку после ужина.

C1 verb /ˈluːbrɪkeɪt/

lubricate

смазать

Meaning

to apply oil or grease to reduce friction between surfaces

Example

The mechanic lubricated the car engine parts.

Механик смазал детали двигателя машины.

C1 noun /mɜːrθ/

mirth

радость

Meaning

Great joy, amusement, or laughter.

Example

The festival was full of mirth and laughter.

Фестиваль был полон радости и смеха.

C1 adjective /ˈtæk.taɪl/

tactile

тактильный

Meaning

Connected with the sense of touch; perceptible by touch or giving a sensation when touched.

Example

The tactile experience of the fabric was soft and smooth.

Тактильный опыт ткани был мягким и гладким.

C2 noun /ˈfʌstɪən/

fustian

помпезная речь

Meaning

pompous or pretentious speech or writing; originally a type of thick cloth

Example

The politician's speech was filled with fustian and empty promises.

Речь политика была полна фустиана и пустых обещаний.

B1 noun rɪˈdʌk.ʃən

reduction

снижение

Meaning

The action or fact of making a specified thing smaller or less in amount, degree, or size.

Example

Greenhouse gas reduction is a primary global goal.

Снижение выбросов парниковых газов является важной глобальной целью.

A2 noun/verb /fɛns/

fence

забор

Meaning

a barrier, usually made of wood or wire, that surrounds an area; to enclose with a barrier

Example

They built a fence around the garden.

Они построили забор вокруг сада.

B2 noun /ˈvɪɡ.ər/

Vigour

физическая сила и хорошее здоровье; усилия, энергия и энтузиазм

Meaning

physical strength and good health; effort, energy, and enthusiasm

Example

She approached her work with renewed vigour after the vacation.

После отпуска она приступила к работе с обновлённой энергией.

C1 noun /ˈprɒk.tər/

proctor

надзиратель на экзамене

Meaning

a person who supervises students during an examination

Example

The proctor reminded students to keep their phones switched off.

Надзиратель напомнил студентам выключить свои телефоны.

B2 noun /ˈfeð.ər/

Feather

перье птицы

Meaning

one of the light structures that cover a bird's body

Example

The peacock has beautiful colorful feathers.

У павлина красивые цветные перья.

C1 adjective /ˌʌndərˈhændɪd/

underhanded

коварный

Meaning

acting or done in a dishonest or secret way

Example

They exposed the company's underhanded dealings with its suppliers.

Они раскрыли скрытные сделки компании с поставщиками.

A2 adjective /ɪnˈdʒɔɪ.ə.bəl/

Enjoyable

приятный; доставляющий удовольствие

Meaning

pleasant; giving satisfaction or pleasure

Example

The movie was very enjoyable and made everyone laugh.

Фильм был очень приятным и заставил всех смеяться.

A2 adjective /reər/

Rare

редкий

Meaning

not occurring very often; uncommon or unusual

Example

It's rare to find such beautiful handmade jewelry these days.

Редко можно найти такие красивые ювелирные изделия ручной работы в наши дни.

C1 verb /ˌoʊvərˈrʌn/

overrun

переполнять

Meaning

to spread over or occupy completely; to exceed a limit or time

Example

The garden was overrun with weeds.

Сад был переполнен сорняками.

B1 noun /ˌkwɒl.ɪ.fɪˈkeɪ.ʃən/

Qualification

квалификация; способность

Meaning

official record showing that someone has finished a training course or has necessary skills; condition or requirement

Example

She has the right qualifications for this engineering job.

У неё есть нужная квалификация для этой инженерной работы.

C2 noun /ɪˌledʒ.əˈbɪl.ə.ti/

Illegibility

неразборчивость

Meaning

the quality of being impossible or difficult to read; unclear writing or print

Example

The doctor's handwriting was famous for its illegibility among the pharmacy staff.

Рукопись врача была известна своей неразборчивостью среди персонала аптеки.

B2 noun, verb /steɪk/

stake

доля, риск

Meaning

A share or interest in a business or venture; to risk or support something of value.

Example

He has a major stake in the new company.

У него есть большая доля в новой компании.

B1 noun /ˌdes.tɪˈneɪ.ʃən/

Destination

место назначения

Meaning

the place to which someone or something is going; the ultimate purpose or end point

Example

Paris was their dream destination for their honeymoon trip.

Париж был их мечтой о месте назначения для их медового месяца.

B2 noun /sloʊp/

Slope

склон; наклонная поверхность

Meaning

an inclined surface; a piece of ground that is not level

Example

We walked up the steep slope of the mountain.

Мы поднялись по крутому склону горы.

C2 adjective /ˈæməˌtɔːri/

amatory

связанный с любовью

Meaning

Relating to or expressing sexual love.

Example

The poet’s verses were filled with amatory themes.

Стихи поэта были наполнены любовными темами.

A1 verb /sel/

sell

продавать

Meaning

to give something to someone in exchange for money

Example

They sell fresh fruits at the market.

Они продают свежие фрукты на рынке.

C2 phrase /lɛt ðɛm ˈθɪə.ri/

let them theory

теория «пусть они думают, что хотят»

Meaning

A philosophy of not trying to control others' actions or opinions and allowing them to be themselves.

Example

He follows the Let them theory and ignores negativity.

Он следует теории «пусть они» и игнорирует негативность.

B2 noun /ˈtʃɪk piː/

Chick pea

нут

Meaning

round beige legume; protein-rich pulse used in various dishes

Example

Soak the chick peas overnight before cooking them for better digestion.

Замочите нут на ночь перед тем, как готовить, чтобы улучшить пищеварение.

C1 noun /ˈreɪ.biːz/

rabies

бешенство

Meaning

A viral disease that causes inflammation of the brain in humans and other mammals, usually transmitted through animal bites.

Example

The dog was vaccinated against rabies.

Собака была вакцинирована от бешенства.

C2 noun /ˌniːoʊˈdɑːrwɪnɪzəm/

neo-darwinism

нео-дарвинизм

Meaning

A modern interpretation of Darwin's theory of evolution, integrating genetics and natural selection.

Example

Neo-Darwinism combines Darwin’s theory of natural selection with modern genetics.

Нео-дарвинизм сочетает теорию естественного отбора Дарвина с современной генетикой.

B2 noun /ˈskɒlərʃɪp/

scholarship

стипендия

Meaning

an award or grant to support a student's education

Example

She received a scholarship to study abroad.

Она получила стипендию для учебы за границей.

C2 verb /kəˈriːn/

careen

двигаться неконтролируемо

Meaning

To move swiftly and in an uncontrolled way, especially in a specific direction.

Example

The car careened down the slippery road.

Машина неслась по скользкой дороге неконтролируемо.

B2 verb /ɪnˈvɪʒən/

envision

представлять

Meaning

to imagine or picture something in the future; to visualize a possibility or goal

Example

She envisions a world where everyone has equal access to education.

Она представляет мир, где каждый имеет равный доступ к образованию.

C1 noun /ˌɪn.trəˈvɜːr.ʒən/

introversion

интроверсия

Meaning

The tendency to be inward-looking and shy, preferring solitary activities.

Example

Her introversion made it difficult for her to enjoy large parties.

Её интроверсия затрудняла ей удовольствие от больших вечеринок.

C2 verb /ˈfjuːmɪˌɡeɪt/

fumigate

дезинфицировать

Meaning

to disinfect or purify an area by using chemical fumes

Example

They fumigated the warehouse to kill the insects.

Они провели дезинфекцию склада, чтобы уничтожить насекомых.

C2 noun /ˈfaɪəl/

phial

небольшая флакон

Meaning

a small glass container for liquids, especially medicines

Example

The doctor gave her a phial of medicine.

Врач дал ей фиал с лекарством.

B2 noun /ɪnˈsaɪdə/

insider

инсайдер

Meaning

a person within a group or organization who has access to confidential information

Example

He was an insider who knew all the company's secrets.

Он был инсайдером, который знал все секреты компании.

A1 adjective /dʒʌst/

Just

справедливый; праведный; подходящий

Meaning

fair; righteous; morally right; appropriate

Example

The judge made a just decision in the case.

Судья принял справедливое решение по делу.

C1 adjective /ˈpɒlɪtɪk/

politic

хитрый, разумный

Meaning

shrewd, prudent, or tactful in practical matters

Example

It was politic of him to remain silent during the argument.

Это было мудро с его стороны оставаться молчаливым во время спора.

C2 noun, verb /ˈmaɪər/

mire

болото

Meaning

A stretch of swampy or boggy ground; as a verb, to entangle or involve someone in a difficult situation.

Example

The car was stuck in the mire after the heavy rain.

Автомобиль застрял в болоте после сильного дождя.

C1 verb /ɪnˈfleɪm/

inflame

разжигать

Meaning

to arouse strong feelings or provoke anger; to cause inflammation in the body

Example

The politician's remarks served to inflame public opinion.

Заявления политика послужили тому, чтобы разжечь общественное мнение.

A1 pronoun /ˈɛvrɪθɪŋ/

everything

всё

Meaning

all things; the whole lot

Example

He packed everything in his suitcase.

Он упаковал всё в свой чемодан.

C1 noun /ˈpɛdlər/

peddler

уличный торговец

Meaning

a person who sells goods, often traveling from place to place

Example

The peddler walked through the village selling fresh fruits.

Уличный торговец шел через деревню, продавая свежие фрукты.

A2 preposition /tɪl/

till

до

Meaning

up to the time of; until

Example

She waited till midnight for his call.

Она ждала до полуночи его звонка.

B1 noun /æks/

Axe

топор

Meaning

a tool with a heavy blade for cutting wood

Example

The lumberjack swung his axe to chop the tree.

Лесоруб размахивал своим топором, чтобы срубить дерево.

C1 adjective /pərˈsɛptəbl̩/

perceptible

заметный

Meaning

Able to be noticed or recognized by the senses or the mind.

Example

There was a perceptible change in the atmosphere.

В атмосфере было заметное изменение.

B1 adjective /ˈtɪpɪkəl/

typical

связанный с обычными характеристиками определенного типа человека или вещи

Meaning

having the usual qualities of a particular type of person or thing

Example

It was a typical summer day, hot and humid.

Это был типичный летний день, жаркий и влажный.

C2 noun /ˈɑːrɡoʊ/

argot

специальный жаргон

Meaning

the specialized vocabulary or jargon of a particular group, especially one with a common interest or occupation

Example

The thieves communicated in an argot that outsiders could not understand.

Воры общались на арго, которое незнакомцы не могли понять.

B2 noun fəˈtɪl.ɪ.ti

fertility

плодородие

Meaning

The quality of being fertile; fruitfulness.

Example

Fertility of the soil is crucial for farming.

Плодородие почвы важно для сельского хозяйства.

B2 verb /kənˈtæmɪneɪt/

contaminate

Meaning

To make something impure, dirty, or harmful by contact with a poisonous or polluting substance.

Example

The river was contaminated by industrial waste.

внезапный сильный дождь

Meaning

a sudden and very heavy rainfall

Example

The picnic was ruined by a sudden cloudburst.

Пикник был разрушен внезапным сильным дождем.